Marcus-Gunn Jaw Winking Syndrome and Gustatory Sweating in Long Standing Poorly Controlled Diabetes: A Case Report

Introduction: Marcus Gunn jaw winking syndrome (MGJWS) is a rare congenital disorder belonging to the synkinetic eye movement group of disorders observed in children. It occurrence in adults and patients with diabetes has not been reported. Material and Methods: A 64 year man with poorly controlled diabetes of 18 years presented with 3 month history of jaw winking on the left side along with gustatory sweating, which was managed conservatively. There was spontaneous improvement in jaw wink at 4 months of follow up. Conclusions: Acquired causes of MGJWS are not known. This is probably the first report of this syndrome occurring at such a late age. Long standing poorly controlled diabetes may have had some role in the development of jaw winking in this patient.

Relationship between Menopausal Sweating and Body Mass Index

We sought to examine the relationship between BMI, sweat rate (SR) and sweat volume (SV) in pre-, peri- and postmenopausal women during a moderate exercise. Based on their ages and menstrual cycle history, thirty healthy women were divided into three groups: pre- (22.5 ± 0.8 yrs, n = 10), peri- (46.5 ± 1.1 yrs, n = 10) and post- (52.2 ± 0.9 yrs, n = 10). Participants underwent a 15- minute walk on a treadmill at a constant speed of 4.2 km/h at 27°C. Sweat was collected and measured with a suction apparatus around a confined area of 120 cm2 outlined on the skin of the face and neck of the participants during the exercise. SR and BMI were determined using the formulae: and ? , respectively. The older women had a significantly higher BMI: pre-, peri- and post- (23.7 ± 1.3 kg/m2 vs 28.0 ± 1.2 kg/m2 vs 28.4 ± 0.7) (p there was no significant difference in SV (1.3 ± 0.4 ml vs 1.7 ± 0.2 ml vs 0.9 ± 0.1 ml) between the groups, the peri-women showed a significantly higher SR (0.07 ± 0.02 ml/min vs 0.12 ± 0.01 ml/min vs 0.06 ± 0.01 ml/min) (p < 0.05). A significant and positive correlation existed between BMI and SR (p < 0.05);SV (p < 0.01). Our findings support the conclusions that increased menopausal sweating is associated with weight gain/increased BMI especially during the perimenopausal transition period.

Dynamic Analysis of Mental Sweating by the Time-Sequential Piled-Up En-Face OCT Images

In this paper, the dynamic analysis of mental sweating for sound stimulus of a few tens of eccrine sweat glands is performed by the time-sequential piled-up en-face optical coherence tomography (OCT) images with the frame spacing of 3.3 sec. In the experiment, the amount of excess sweat can be evaluated simultaneously for a few tens of sweat glands by piling up of all the en-face OCT images. Strong non-uniformity is observed in mental sweating where the amount of sweat in response to sound stimulus is different for each sweat gland. Furthermore, the amount of sweat is significantly increased in proportion to the strength of the stimulus.

Gray Synthetic Evaluation on Moisture Comfort of Sportswear Fabrics under the Condition of Heavy Sweating

Moisture and water transfer under the condition of heavy sweating are analyzed. Four different experiments are made to test moisture resistance, water-keep, wicking effect and drying ability of samples. Then gray analysis method is introduced to evaluate the comprehensive comfort of these fabrics. Result shows chemical fiber with high moisture transfer performance has advantage in water transfer and diffusion, which is suitable for human under the condition of heavy sweating. Though natural fiber can absorb moisture well, it cannot transfer fluid sweat. Therefore natural fiber fabrics such as cotton, wool are unsuitable to make functional sportswear.

Development of a New-type Sweating Manikin System

A new type of sweating manikin system has been developed to evaluate thermal insulation and moisture evaporative resistance of clothing, which is reliable, easy control and low cost. In this paper the manikin system was reported and discussed from the aspects of system construction, work principles, figure formation, simulated sweating system, and technical properties.

Chief Physician Defen Wang’s Clinical Experience in Dialectical Treatment with Mediation Method of Perimenopausal Sweating

The objective of this paper is to outline Chief Physician Defen Wang’s clinical experience in perimenopausal sweating syndrome differentiation and treatment,to inherit Mr.Gao’s academic concept of mediation technique,and to integrate multiple prescriptions under Mr.Gao’s thinking.The deficiency is based on the deficiency of liver and kidney Yin,the weakness of spleen and stomach,and the standard is the imbalance of Ying and Wei,the imbalance of Qi,blood and body fluid,and the main method of treatment is nourishing liver and kidney,soothing liver and invigorating spleen,regulating Ying and Wei,as well as tonifying Qi and absorbing fluid.

The temporal-spatial expression and functional analysis of three gustatory receptor genes in Solenopsis invicta using sweet and bitter compounds

The insect gustatory system participates in identifying potential food sources and avoiding toxic compounds.During this process,gustatory receptors(GRs)recognize feeding stimulant and deterrent compounds.However,the GRs involved in recognizing stimulant and deterrent compounds in the red imported fire ant,Solenopsis invicta,remain unknown.Therefore,we conducted a study on the genes SinvGR1,SinvGR32b,and SinvGR28a to investigate the roles of GRs in detecting feeding stimulant and deterrent compounds.In this current study,we found that sucrose and fructose are feeding stimulants and the bitter compound quinine is a feeding deterrent.The fire ant workers showed significant behavior changes to avoid the bitter taste in feeding stimulant compounds.Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results from developmental stages showed that the SinvGR1,SinvGR32b,and SinvGR28a genes were highly expressed in fire ant workers.Tissue-specific expression profiles indicated that SinvGR1,SinvGR32b,and SinvGR28a were specifically expressed in the antennae and foreleg tarsi of workers,whereas SinvGR32b gene transcripts were also highly accumulated in the male antennae.Furthermore,the silencing of SinvGRI or SinvGR32b alone and the co-silencing of both genes disrupted worker stimulation and feeding on sucrose and fructose.The results also showed that SinvGR28a is required for avoiding quinine,as workers with knockdown of the SinvGR28a gene failed to avoid and fed on quinine.This study first identified stimulant and deterrent compounds of fire ant workers and then the GRs involved in the taste recognition of these compounds.This study could provide potential target gustatory genes for the control of the fire ant.

Ligand dose-dependent activation of signaling pathways through the gustatory receptor NlGr11 linked to feeding efficacy in Nilaparvata lugens

Insects often face both conditions with sufficient nutrients and conditions of undernutrition in the field.Through gustatory receptors,insects sense nutrients and regulate their physiological functions such as feeding and reproduction.However,it remains unclear whether signaling pathways activated by gustatory receptors depend on the concentration of nutrients and whether the difference in signaling pathways directly affects insects’physiological functions.Herein,we found that a sugar gustatory receptor,NlGr11,from the brown planthopper(BPH),Nilaparvata lugens,activated G protein-coupled signaling and ionotropic pathways when bound to high galactose concentration.BPHs subsequently demonstrated longer feeding times,feeding loads,and higher vitellogenin(NlVg)expression than BPHs exposed to high galactose concentrations,which only activated the ionotropic pathway.For the first time,our findings link plant nutrient conditions,signaling pathways activated by nutrients,and their gustatory receptors,and nutrient dose-dependent feeding efficacy and vitellogenin(Vg)expression in an insect.This will help us to better understand the molecular mechanism for insect feeding strategies on plants at different stages of nutritional conditions.

Post-COVID-19 persistent olfactory,gustatory,and trigeminal chemosensory disorders:Definitions,mechanisms,and potential treatments

The nose and the oral cavities are the main sites for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)entry into the body.Smell and taste deficits are the most common acute viral manifestations.Persistent smell disorders are the most common and bothersome complications after SARS-CoV-2 infection,lasting for months to years.The mechanisms and treatment of persistent post-coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)smell and taste disorders are still challenges.Information sources for the review are PubMed,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Ovid Medline,Embase,Scopus,Web of Science,International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews,Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature,Elton Bryson Stephens Company,Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care,Cooperation in Science and Technology,International Clinical Trials Registry Platform,World Health Organization,Randomized Controlled Trial Number Registry,and MediFind.This review summarizes the up-to-date information about the prevalence,patterns at onset,and prognoses of post-COVID-19 smell and taste disorders,evidence for the neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2 and the overlap between SARSCoV-1,Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus,and SARS-CoV-2 in structure,molecular biology,mode of replication,and host pathogenicity,the suggested cellular and molecular mechanisms for these post-COVID19 chemosensory disorders,and the applied pharmacotherapies and interventions as trials to treat these disorders,and the recommendations for future research to improve understanding of predictors and mechanisms of these disorders.These are crucial for hopeful proper treatment strategies.

Skin mimicking-sweating evaporation polyimide cooling film for electronic devices

In hot environments,the human body shows an efficient capability to maintain a stable temperature by benefiting from sweating behavior.Inspired by this skin perspiration strategy,in this study,we demonstrated an innovative polyimide foam(PIF)-based mimetic skin with excellent cooling capability by integrating a silver coating and reusable hydrogel for the first time.Because of the hybrid thermal dissipating system,the successive silver coating quickly transferred heat to the inside of the polyacrylamide hydrogel.Meanwhile,the hydrogel absorbed a large amount of heat due to its large enthalpy and effectively dissipated heat to the environment through the evaporation of moisture,similar to the sweating of skin.Thus,the temperature of the skin-like film was reduced by 25.4℃compared with pure PIF under a high-power laser heating source.Identical and remarkable cooling effects were also obtained in mobile phone and battery applications,far better than commercially available thermally conductive polyimide(PI).This outstanding performance paves a new way for the thermal management application of PI in wearable electronics,microprocessors,and flexible electronics.

Tuina combined with moxibustion for 28 cases of lung-wei insecurity-type sweating syndrome in children

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of tuina combined with moxibustion for treatment of lung-wei insecurity-type sweating syndrome in children.Methods Infantile tuina combined with moxibustion was conducted for 28 cases of lung-wei insecurity-type sweating syndrome in children.Tuina was carried out for once every other day,and moxibustion was conducted for once every other three days.Clinical efficacy was observed after treatment for 4 weeks.Results The total effective rate of tuina combined with moxibustion for treatment of lung-wei insecurity-type sweating syndrome in children was 92.85%.Conclusion The efficacy of tuina combined with moxibustion for treatment of lung-wei insecurity-type sweating syndrome in children is definite,which is worthy of being popularized clinically.

苦味受体的非味觉功能研究进展

苦味的识别对动物生存至关重要,该过程由苦味受体介导。食物中的化学物质刺激口腔内的苦味感受器,经信号传导反馈给大脑,产生苦味感知并最终影响食物的选择和排斥。除了基本的味觉功能,苦味受体在口腔外的其他器官和组织中普遍表达,在细胞增殖、代谢调控、免疫反应等重要的生理生化过程中发挥作用。尽管苦味受体的蛋白结构仍未得到全部解析,具体的功能和作用机制未知,但由于其亚型众多且分布广泛,是理想的靶点,并将成为各类疾病治疗的重要探究方向。本文介绍苦味受体在口腔外部分器官组织中的表达和在相关疾病中的研究进展,有助于全面系统理解苦味受体的重要作用。

可穿戴汗液传感器系统的研究进展

在新材料和新技术广泛应用的背景下,柔性可穿戴汗液监测设备成为当前国内外研究的热点。目前,基于柔性可穿戴设备的汗液检测一般需要3个环节:汗液的取样、目标分析物的选择性检测以及系统的集成与控制。本文主要从汗液原位检测的优势出发,总结了汗液的刺激和提取的方法,并对电化学类的汗液传感器的研究进展进行多角度的分析与评价。最后讨论了可穿戴的汗液传感器存在的不足,以及未来系统的发展方向。

凡士林纱卷铆钉样缝合加压包扎对腋臭术后并发症发生率的影响研究

目的:研究凡士林纱卷铆钉样缝合加压包扎对腋臭术后并发症发生率的影响。方法:将入选的101例患者按就诊顺序编号,随机分为两组,均采用微小切口大汗腺修剪术治疗。治疗组61例,采用凡士林纱卷铆钉样缝合加压包扎,对照组40例,采用“8”字绷带包扎。结果:治疗组皮下血肿、皮肤坏死、切口愈合延迟、瘢痕的发生率(分别为0.82%、0.82%、1.64%、2.46%)低于对照组(分别为12.5%、7.5%、8.75%、10%),差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);治疗组、对照组术口感染发生率分别为1.64%、2.50%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组满意度为93.44%,高于对照组的62.50%(P<0.05)。结论:与“8”字绷带包扎相比,凡士林纱卷铆钉样缝合加压包扎可以一定程度上降低腋臭术后并发症发生率,满意度更高,值得临床推广应用。

中药厚朴产地加工发汗前后所含挥发油抗氧化活性及治疗溃疡性结肠炎药效研究

目的研究厚朴发汗前后挥发油体外抗氧化活性及对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠药效作用。方法采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基、2,2’-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)[2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS^(+)]阳离子自由基、总还原力的清除能力为指标评价厚朴发汗前后挥发油的体外抗氧化活性;将42只雄性ICR小鼠采用葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextran sulfate sodium salt,DSS)建立经典溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)小鼠模型,记录正常组、模型组、发汗厚朴挥发油高剂量组、发汗厚朴挥发油低剂量组、未发汗厚朴挥发油高剂量组、未发汗厚朴挥发油低剂量组、柳氮磺吡啶组相关指标差异。结果发汗前后厚朴挥发油均具有一定还原力、清除DPPH自由基和ABTS^(+)自由基能力,且发汗厚朴挥发油在DPPH和ABTS+自由基的清除能力上更佳;发汗前后厚朴挥发油高剂量组及柳氮磺吡啶组均可改善DSS造成的小鼠疾病活动指数(disease activity index,DAI)评分升高,恢复DSS小鼠肠道组织的病理状态,改善脾脏系数和单位长度结肠质量,调节小鼠结肠中白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)炎症因子水平,降低结肠黏膜细胞中闭合蛋白(claudin-1)和闭锁蛋白(Occludin)的表达,且发汗后药效更强。结论发汗前后厚朴挥发油均具有抗溃疡性结肠炎及抗氧化作用,且发汗后厚朴挥发油的效果更佳,进一步阐释了厚朴产地加工发汗的科学性。

基于“玄府气液”理论治疗慢性难愈性溃疡

慢性难愈性溃疡是“虚”“瘀”两种致病因素相互交织、相互作用的结果,“虚”“瘀”贯穿疾病发展的始终。而“玄府开阖失司,气液代谢失调”是本病迁延难治的病机关键。刘丽芳教授综合运用煨脓生肌、阳和通玄、托里消毒诸法开玄府、调气液,令玄府开阖有司,气液代谢调和,临床疗效满意,附验案一则加以阐明。

汗液老化对玻璃微珠反光材料性能的影响

反光材料具有良好的夜间可视性,在夜间及视线较差的环境下给人们提供有效可靠的安全保障,被广泛应用于特殊作业服装等领域。为了科学评估反光布的安全防护作用,探讨汗液对玻璃微珠反光材料性能的影响,对反光材料分别进行1、5、10、20、25、30、40、50次酸碱汗液老化实验,对试样外观特征、色差、微观结构、逆反射系数进行实验与分析。结果表明:老化后试样有不同程度的玻璃微珠脱落、铝层溶出、表面盐结晶析出等现象,导致反光材料性能下降;试样的反光性能随酸碱汗液老化次数的增加先提升后下降,汗液老化次数大于5次,逆反射系数呈下降趋势,其中酸性汗液相比于碱性汗液对反光材料性能的影响更显著;经过酸性汗液老化50次,试样的逆反射系数下降了2.97%~12.86%。

《临证指南医案》自汗证治探析

自汗是特殊汗出的一种类型,该病易见而难治。基于清代名家叶天士之《临证指南医案》,深入阐析自汗之定义、病机、治法,总结叶天士杂症自汗证治特色及具体方药,并据此探讨特殊自汗证型,进一步丰富临床汗证诊疗经验。

可穿戴离子检测及电促渗系统研究

汗液作为一种非侵入性健康监测的资源,含有丰富的生理信息,可以进行实时无创监测。然而,人在久坐或者睡眠时无法获得足够的汗液进行采样分析,若要实现汗液成分的长期原位监测并不容易。基于以上两点问题,主要通过电化学传感器与可穿戴传感技术相结合,以非侵入的方式监测汗液中的Na+,并开发测试了一套集成的可穿戴平台,用于实时采集和分析汗液中Na+的浓度。本系统Na+在浓度为20 mmol/L~160 mmol/L的测试范围内,灵敏度达到61.6 mV/decade。除此之外,可以根据受试者自身出汗量情况来调节系统刺激出汗的相关参数,从而能够减小长期电促渗药物刺激对于受试者的影响。

基于神经成像技术的味觉解码研究进展

味觉感知的神经基础作为认知神经科学与感官科学研究的交汇点,正日益受到学界的关注。本文综述应用神经成像技术于味觉解码领域的最新研究进展,深入探讨大脑如何依赖其精细的神经网络处理味觉信息,并实现从感官输入到复杂认知功能的转换。脑电图(EEG)以其高时间分辨率捕捉大脑对味觉刺激的即时电生理反应,而功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)则利用其高空间分辨率详细映射大脑对味觉刺激的血液动力学响应。此外,功能性近红外光谱成像(fNIRS)技术以其对运动伪影的低敏感性和良好的时间分辨率,为在自然行为条件下监测味觉处理提供了新的视角。本文综合评述这些技术揭示的味觉感知神经网络结构,并讨论它们在增进对味觉感知机制的理解以及在相关疾病的诊断和治疗中的应用潜力。