Enterprise symbiotic behavior is one of the main inter-finn organizational modes in agricultural circular economy, and the importance of its accumulative effect of enterprise symbiotic space is no less than its indust...Enterprise symbiotic behavior is one of the main inter-finn organizational modes in agricultural circular economy, and the importance of its accumulative effect of enterprise symbiotic space is no less than its industry dimensionality. Based on this point, this article firstly started fi＇om the space factor and the symbiotic relationship and spatial clusters of the agricultural enterprise were analyzed, accordingly the clusters＇ analysis framework was introduced. And then the cost model, learning curve and the knowledge stock change were set up and the accumulative mechanism of a rational agricultural enterprise in the symbiotic space was discussed. Therefore, a further analysis on all kinds of accumulative effects of agricultural enterprise was carried on. Finally, we got conclusions fi＇om three aspects in this article; meanwhile, we obtained the enlightenment for the related enterprises in light of the reality.展开更多
Soybean (Glycine max L.) plays an essential role in human nutrition as a protein source, and in plant nutrition as a N source. The rate of N fixation varies depending on the cultivars and compatibility between the ino...Soybean (Glycine max L.) plays an essential role in human nutrition as a protein source, and in plant nutrition as a N source. The rate of N fixation varies depending on the cultivars and compatibility between the inoculated Rhizobium strain and the host cultivar. Characterizing the nodulation regulatory (Rj) genes is necessary to determine the compatibility of cultivars and Rhizobium strains. Rj genes were previously identified based on inoculation tests and PCR analyses. The six cultivars Yezin-3, Yezin-7, Yezin-11, Shan Seine (Local), Madaya (Local), and Hinthada (Local) were identified as harboring the Rj4 gene. Two cultivars, Yezin-6 and Yezin-8, were classified as non-Rj-gene harboring. Two other cultivars, Yezin-9 and Yezin-10, were identified as Rj3- and Rj2Rj3-gene harboring, respectively. Ours is the first report on Rj3- and Rj2Rj3-gene harboring cultivars in Myanmar. We evaluated Myanmar soybean cultivars for symbiotic effectiveness, relying on the standard strain Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110. In our first experiment, the soybean cultivar Yezin-11 (Rj4) showed the highest N fixing potential. Based on their potential for fixing N and nodulation, the top six soybean cultivars were Yezin-11 (Rj4), Yezin-9 (Rj3), Yezin-6 (non-Rj), Yezin-8 (non-Rj), Yezin-3 (Rj4) and Yezin-10 (Rj2Rj3). These cultivars were selected for a second experiment, which revealed that the N fixation, nodulation, and plant growth of Yezin-11 (Rj4) *Corresponding author. A. Z. Htwe et al. 2800 were superior to the other cultivars. We conclude that Yezin-11 (Rj4) is the most efficient cultivar for nodulation and N fixation when inoculated with B. japonicum USDA110.展开更多
The effects of monocrotophos and quinalphos on population and nitrogen-fixing activity of Azospirillum sp.in four agricultural soils were determined in a laboratory study.Concentrations of the two insecticides up to a...The effects of monocrotophos and quinalphos on population and nitrogen-fixing activity of Azospirillum sp.in four agricultural soils were determined in a laboratory study.Concentrations of the two insecticides up to a 5 kg ha^(-1)level were either stimulatory or innocuous to the popula- tion of Azospirillum in the soils.Four successive applications of the insecticides to soils resulted in a significant increase in the population density.Cultures of Azospirillum sp.,isolated from insecticide-treated soils,exhibited greater nitrogen-fixing activity.Three consecutive subcultur- ings of the isolates from insecticide-treated soils had no effect on their nitrogen-fixing activity.1989 Academic Press,Inc.展开更多
Potential changes in the symbiotic relationship between rice(Oryza sativa)and microorganisms have occurred during the domestication of Asian cultivated rice(O.sativa)from common wild rice(Oryza rufipogon)and in respon...Potential changes in the symbiotic relationship between rice(Oryza sativa)and microorganisms have occurred during the domestication of Asian cultivated rice(O.sativa)from common wild rice(Oryza rufipogon)and in response to global climate change,along with evolving adaptations to the environment.The potential genes may express differently or dominate the symbiotic relationships between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)and plants,which may be beneficial to rice breeding.To date,research on this important topic has been limited.In this study,we aimed to examine the symbiotic relationships of Asian common wild and cultivated rice species with AMF.By conducting a comparative metagenomic analysis of the rhizospheres of wild and cultivated rice species,we identified differences in Rhizophagus intraradices-related genes associated with wild and cultivated rice,as well as functional genes of AMF.Furthermore,we obtained root-related genes associated with AMF from transcriptome data of rice roots.Our results collectively suggest that R.intraradices-related genes in the rhizosphere of wild rice may be more conducive to its colonization.Additionally,bacteria from the Nitrosomonadaceae and Nitrospiraceae families identified in the rhizosphere of wild rice exhibited positive correlations with R.intraradices-related genes with protein identifiers 1480749 and1871253,which may indicate that nitrobacteria can enhance the functions of R.intraradices in association with wild rice.Next,in a case study using comparative transcriptome analysis of root samples obtained from R.intraradices-inoculated wild and cultivated rice plants,we found significantly higher expression levels of the strigolactone pathway-related genes DWARF3(D3)and DWARF14(D14)in R.intraradices-inoculated common wild rice than in R.intraradices-inoculated cultivated rice.This study provides a theoretical basis for identifying the effects of domestication on mycorrhizal symbiosis-related genes,which could be promoted in wild rice in the future.展开更多
文摘Enterprise symbiotic behavior is one of the main inter-finn organizational modes in agricultural circular economy, and the importance of its accumulative effect of enterprise symbiotic space is no less than its industry dimensionality. Based on this point, this article firstly started fi＇om the space factor and the symbiotic relationship and spatial clusters of the agricultural enterprise were analyzed, accordingly the clusters＇ analysis framework was introduced. And then the cost model, learning curve and the knowledge stock change were set up and the accumulative mechanism of a rational agricultural enterprise in the symbiotic space was discussed. Therefore, a further analysis on all kinds of accumulative effects of agricultural enterprise was carried on. Finally, we got conclusions fi＇om three aspects in this article; meanwhile, we obtained the enlightenment for the related enterprises in light of the reality.
文摘Soybean (Glycine max L.) plays an essential role in human nutrition as a protein source, and in plant nutrition as a N source. The rate of N fixation varies depending on the cultivars and compatibility between the inoculated Rhizobium strain and the host cultivar. Characterizing the nodulation regulatory (Rj) genes is necessary to determine the compatibility of cultivars and Rhizobium strains. Rj genes were previously identified based on inoculation tests and PCR analyses. The six cultivars Yezin-3, Yezin-7, Yezin-11, Shan Seine (Local), Madaya (Local), and Hinthada (Local) were identified as harboring the Rj4 gene. Two cultivars, Yezin-6 and Yezin-8, were classified as non-Rj-gene harboring. Two other cultivars, Yezin-9 and Yezin-10, were identified as Rj3- and Rj2Rj3-gene harboring, respectively. Ours is the first report on Rj3- and Rj2Rj3-gene harboring cultivars in Myanmar. We evaluated Myanmar soybean cultivars for symbiotic effectiveness, relying on the standard strain Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110. In our first experiment, the soybean cultivar Yezin-11 (Rj4) showed the highest N fixing potential. Based on their potential for fixing N and nodulation, the top six soybean cultivars were Yezin-11 (Rj4), Yezin-9 (Rj3), Yezin-6 (non-Rj), Yezin-8 (non-Rj), Yezin-3 (Rj4) and Yezin-10 (Rj2Rj3). These cultivars were selected for a second experiment, which revealed that the N fixation, nodulation, and plant growth of Yezin-11 (Rj4) *Corresponding author. A. Z. Htwe et al. 2800 were superior to the other cultivars. We conclude that Yezin-11 (Rj4) is the most efficient cultivar for nodulation and N fixation when inoculated with B. japonicum USDA110.
文摘The effects of monocrotophos and quinalphos on population and nitrogen-fixing activity of Azospirillum sp.in four agricultural soils were determined in a laboratory study.Concentrations of the two insecticides up to a 5 kg ha^(-1)level were either stimulatory or innocuous to the popula- tion of Azospirillum in the soils.Four successive applications of the insecticides to soils resulted in a significant increase in the population density.Cultures of Azospirillum sp.,isolated from insecticide-treated soils,exhibited greater nitrogen-fixing activity.Three consecutive subcultur- ings of the isolates from insecticide-treated soils had no effect on their nitrogen-fixing activity.1989 Academic Press,Inc.
基金ACKN0WLEDGEMENT This work is part of the joint EC-prokect no. TS3-CT92-0127 and was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC）.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program,China(No.2022YFD1500201)Science and Technology Innovation Project of Black Soil Granary,China(Nos.XDA28020400 and XDA28080200)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42007043 and 41920104008)the Major Research and Development Projects of Jiangxi Province,China(No.20213AAF01001)the Science and Technology Cooperation Special Project of Jiangxi Province,China(No.20212BDH81023)the National Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province,China(No.YDZJ202201ZYTS472)the Innovation Team Project of Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2023CXTD02)。
文摘Potential changes in the symbiotic relationship between rice(Oryza sativa)and microorganisms have occurred during the domestication of Asian cultivated rice(O.sativa)from common wild rice(Oryza rufipogon)and in response to global climate change,along with evolving adaptations to the environment.The potential genes may express differently or dominate the symbiotic relationships between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)and plants,which may be beneficial to rice breeding.To date,research on this important topic has been limited.In this study,we aimed to examine the symbiotic relationships of Asian common wild and cultivated rice species with AMF.By conducting a comparative metagenomic analysis of the rhizospheres of wild and cultivated rice species,we identified differences in Rhizophagus intraradices-related genes associated with wild and cultivated rice,as well as functional genes of AMF.Furthermore,we obtained root-related genes associated with AMF from transcriptome data of rice roots.Our results collectively suggest that R.intraradices-related genes in the rhizosphere of wild rice may be more conducive to its colonization.Additionally,bacteria from the Nitrosomonadaceae and Nitrospiraceae families identified in the rhizosphere of wild rice exhibited positive correlations with R.intraradices-related genes with protein identifiers 1480749 and1871253,which may indicate that nitrobacteria can enhance the functions of R.intraradices in association with wild rice.Next,in a case study using comparative transcriptome analysis of root samples obtained from R.intraradices-inoculated wild and cultivated rice plants,we found significantly higher expression levels of the strigolactone pathway-related genes DWARF3(D3)and DWARF14(D14)in R.intraradices-inoculated common wild rice than in R.intraradices-inoculated cultivated rice.This study provides a theoretical basis for identifying the effects of domestication on mycorrhizal symbiosis-related genes,which could be promoted in wild rice in the future.
