Detection of Turbulence Anomalies Using a Symbolic Classifier Algorithm in Airborne Quick Access Record(QAR)Data Analysis

As the risks associated with air turbulence are intensified by climate change and the growth of the aviation industry,it has become imperative to monitor and mitigate these threats to ensure civil aviation safety.The eddy dissipation rate(EDR)has been established as the standard metric for quantifying turbulence in civil aviation.This study aims to explore a universally applicable symbolic classification approach based on genetic programming to detect turbulence anomalies using quick access recorder(QAR)data.The detection of atmospheric turbulence is approached as an anomaly detection problem.Comparative evaluations demonstrate that this approach performs on par with direct EDR calculation methods in identifying turbulence events.Moreover,comparisons with alternative machine learning techniques indicate that the proposed technique is the optimal methodology currently available.In summary,the use of symbolic classification via genetic programming enables accurate turbulence detection from QAR data,comparable to that with established EDR approaches and surpassing that achieved with machine learning algorithms.This finding highlights the potential of integrating symbolic classifiers into turbulence monitoring systems to enhance civil aviation safety amidst rising environmental and operational hazards.

Approximately Bi-Similar Symbolic Model for Discretetime Interconnected Switched System

Dear Editor,This letter concerns the development of approximately bi-similar symbolic models for a discrete-time interconnected switched system(DT-ISS).The DT-ISS under consideration is formed by connecting multiple switched systems known as component switched systems(CSSs).Although the problem of constructing approximately bi-similar symbolic models for DT-ISS has been addressed in some literature,the previous works have relied on the assumption that all the subsystems of CSSs are incrementally input-state stable.

Crack Growth Rate Model Derived from Domain Knowledge-Guided Symbolic Regression

Machine learning(ML)has powerful nonlinear processing and multivariate learning capabilities,so it has been widely utilised in the fatigue field.However,most ML methods are inexplicable black-box models that are difficult to apply in engineering practice.Symbolic regression(SR)is an interpretable machine learning method for determining the optimal fitting equation for datasets.In this study,domain knowledge-guided SR was used to determine a new fatigue crack growth(FCG)rate model.Three terms of the variable subtree ofΔK,R-ratio,andΔK_(th)were obtained by analysing eight traditional semi-empirical FCG rate models.Based on the FCG rate test data from other literature,the SR model was constructed using Al-7055-T7511.It was subsequently extended to other alloys(Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al,Ti-6Al-4V,Cr-Mo-V,LC9cs,Al-6013-T651,and Al-2324-T3)using multiple linear regression.Compared with the three semi-empirical FCG rate models,the SR model yielded higher prediction accuracy.This result demonstrates the potential of domain knowledge-guided SR for building the FCG rate model.

Evolution Performance of Symbolic Radial Basis Function Neural Network by Using Evolutionary Algorithms

Radial Basis Function Neural Network(RBFNN)ensembles have long suffered from non-efficient training,where incorrect parameter settings can be computationally disastrous.This paper examines different evolutionary algorithms for training the Symbolic Radial Basis Function Neural Network(SRBFNN)through the behavior’s integration of satisfiability programming.Inspired by evolutionary algorithms,which can iteratively find the nearoptimal solution,different Evolutionary Algorithms(EAs)were designed to optimize the producer output weight of the SRBFNN that corresponds to the embedded logic programming 2Satisfiability representation(SRBFNN-2SAT).The SRBFNN’s objective function that corresponds to Satisfiability logic programming can be minimized by different algorithms,including Genetic Algorithm(GA),Evolution Strategy Algorithm(ES),Differential Evolution Algorithm(DE),and Evolutionary Programming Algorithm(EP).Each of these methods is presented in the steps in the flowchart form which can be used for its straightforward implementation in any programming language.With the use of SRBFNN-2SAT,a training method based on these algorithms has been presented,then training has been compared among algorithms,which were applied in Microsoft Visual C++software using multiple metrics of performance,including Mean Absolute Relative Error(MARE),Root Mean Square Error(RMSE),Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE),Mean Bias Error(MBE),Systematic Error(SD),Schwarz Bayesian Criterion(SBC),and Central Process Unit time(CPU time).Based on the results,the EP algorithm achieved a higher training rate and simple structure compared with the rest of the algorithms.It has been confirmed that the EP algorithm is quite effective in training and obtaining the best output weight,accompanied by the slightest iteration error,which minimizes the objective function of SRBFNN-2SAT.

Analysis of the Symbolic Meaning of James Joyce’s Araby

Araby is a short story by the famous Irish stream-of-consciousness writer James Joyce.Through a series of images,the novel expresses the theme of the story:the“mental paralysis”of Dubliners and the“spiritual Epiphany”of the little boy,which reflects the spiritual barren of Dubliners at that time.Through the analysis of the symbolic meaning of many images in the work,this paper reveals the social background and religious significance hidden behind the images.

The Symbolic Expression in the Material Form in Public Spaces

The article explores the topic of symbolic expression in the physical elements that form urban public spaces.It is done by giving an overview and analysing spaces that hold a widely-recognised symbolic value.The author discusses the means of encoding and perceiving meanings in the spacial composition,physical form and materials of its elements,and other aspects that influence the sensory or psychological perception of the observer.At the same time,different theoretical approaches to the perception of space are discussed,addressing not only architectural theory but also the ideas proposed in the fields of philosophy,fenomenology and cultural studies.

The Problems and Upgrade Strategies for City Symbolic Image of Yibin in Sichuan Province

The connotation of city symbolic image was redefined in this study.Based on this,the main shortages of Yibin City symbolic image were listed and analyzed with an emphasis.And then the specific strategies to improve intrinsic image and symbolic image of the city were proposed with a pertinence,so as to provide reference for establishment of Yibin City symbolic image and development of export-oriented economy.

Inverse kinematic deriving and actuator control of Delta robot using symbolic computation technology

In order to effectively derive the inverse kinematic solution of the Delta robot and realize actuator control a description of the linear graph principle for automatically generating kinematic equations in a mechanical system as well as the symbolic computation implementation of this procedure is reviewed and projected into the Delta robot. Based on the established linear graph representation the explicit symbolic expression of constraint equations and inverse kinematic solutions are obtained successfully using a symbolic computation engine Maple so that actuator control and trajectory tracking can be directly realized.Two practical motions the circular path and Adept motion are simulated for the validation of symbolic solutions respectively.Results indicate that the simulation satisfies the requirement of the quick motion within an acceptable threshold. Thus the precision of kinematic response can be confirmed and the correctness of inverse solution is verified.

Symbolic Meanings of “Rose” in A Rose for Emily

A Rose for Emily is one of William Faulkner's most famous short stories.Through the representing of patriarchy influence on Emily,Faulkner shows his readers Emily's tragic life.From the diverse meanings of the "Rose" to the debated themes,this story has been discussed before.This paper tries to analyze the three stages of Emily's struggle for love in order to represent the symbolism of the "Rose" from the perspective of feminism.It also represents the root of Emily's tragedy and the sympathy for the tragic fate of the Southern women.

CURRENT MODE CIRCUIT SYMBOLIC ANALYSIS WITH MATH-EMATICA

A practical method of current mode circuit symbolic analysis using Mathematica is proposed. With the powerful symbolic manipulation capacity of Mathematica, current mode circuit symbolic analysis can be significantly simplified. The active devices are modelled by nullors. The examples of current mode filters using CCIIs are presented.

A Broken Dream——An Analysis of the Symbolic Meanings in The Glass Menagerie

The Glass Menagerie which is written by Tennessee Williams got a great success in Chicago when it was produced in the year 1944.It told us a story happened in an extraordinary family.Each member in the family got their own defects in the personalities.Therefore,it resulted in the tragic ending.Here,the author will concentrate on the symbolic meanings used in the drama.

Admissibility Conditions for Symbolic Sequences in Dynamics of Digital Filter with Two's Complement Arithmetic

In this paper, we discuss a class of piecewise linear hyperbolic maps on the 2-torus. These maps arise in the second-order digital fdter with two＇ s complement arithmetic. By introducing codings underlying the map operations, we give some admissibility conditions for symbolic sequences and find some periodic properties of these symbolic sequences. Then we use these conditions to check the admissibility of periodic symbol sequences.

Symbolic Images of Colors, Animals and Machines in The Red Badge of Courage

Abstract:Stephen Crane was an outstanding American novelist,poet,and journalist.He achieved great success in his literary works during his brief career.Crane’s most well-known work,The Red Badge of Courage,is commonly believed to be the first great novel of the American Civil War,largely because of its vivid and detailed description of the experience of warfare.This paper analyzes the images of color,animal and machine,which convey Crane’s thoughts of war:war is full of chaos,brutality,and confusion,without any romantic elements or heroism.

Hierarchical Symbolic Analysis of Large Analog Circuits with Totally Coded Method

Symbolic analysis has many applications in the design of analog circuits. Existing approaches rely on two forms of symbolic-expression representation: expanded sum-of-product form and arbitrarily nested form. Expanded form suffers the problem that the number of product terms grows exponentially with the size of a circuit. Nested form is neither canonical nor amenable to symbolic manipulation. In this paper, we present a new approach to exact and canonical symbolic analysis by exploiting the sparsity and sharing of product terms. This algorithm, called totally coded method (TCM), consists of representing the symbolic determinant of a circuit matrix by code series and performing symbolic analysis by code manipulation. We describe an efficient code-ordering heuristic and prove that it is optimum for ladder-structured circuits. For practical analog circuits, TCM not only covers all advantages of the algorithm via determinant decision diagrams (DDD) but is more simple and efficient than DDD method.

Symbolic Images of Figures in The Red Badge of Courage

Crane’s most well-known work,The Red Badge of Courage,is commonly believed to be the first great novel of the American Civil War,largely because of its vivid and detailed description of the experience of warfare.This paper conveys figure images symbolize that human life is insignificant in an indifferent universe in the novel,which are perfect symbolic images distinguish Crane as a forerunner of modernistic writers.

Using Symbolic Computation to Exactly Solve the Integrable Broer-Kaup Equations in （2＋1）-Dimensional Spaces

The extended tanh method is further improved by generalizing the Riccati equation and introducing its twenty seven new solutions. As its application, the (2+ 1)-dimensional Broer-Kaup equation is investigated and then its fifty four non-travelling wave solutions have been obtained. The results reported in this paper show that this method is more powerful than those, such as tanh method, extended tanh method, modified extended tanh method and Riccati equation expansion method introduced in previous literatures.

Evolutionary Dynamics Modeling of Symbolic Social Network Structure Equilibrium

The use of symbol attributes on the side of symbolic social networks to analyze,understand,and predict the topology,function,and dynamic behaviour of complex networks,and has important theoretical significance for personalized recommendations,attitude prediction,user feature analysis,and clustering and application value.However,due to the huge scale of online social networks,this poses a challenge to traditional symbolic social network analysis methods.Based on the theory of structural equilibrium,this paper studies the evolutionary dynamics of symbolic social networks,proposes the energy function of weak structural equilibrium theory,and uses the evolution of evolutionary algorithms to obtain the weak imbalance of the network.The simulation experiment results show that the calculation method in this paper can get the optimal solution faster.It provides an idea for the study of real and complex social networks.

TRAVELLING WAVE SOLUTIONS OF NONLINEAR EVOLUTION EQUATIONS BY USING SYMBOLIC COMPUTATION

A Riccati equation involving a parameter and symbolic computation are used to uniformly construct the different forms of travelling wave solutions for nonlinear evolution equations.It is shown that the sign of the parameter can be applied in judging the existence of various forms of travelling wave solutions.An efficiency of this method is demonstrated on some equations,which include Burgers Huxley equation,Caudrey Dodd Gibbon Kawada equation,generalized Benjamin Bona Mahony equation and generalized Fisher equation.

Lax Pair and Darboux Transformation for a Variable-Coefficient Fifth-Order Korteweg-de Vries Equation with Symbolic Computation

In this paper, we put our focus on a variable-coe^cient fifth-order Korteweg-de Vries （fKdV） equation, which possesses a great number of excellent properties and is of current importance in physical and engineering fields. Certain constraints are worked out, which make sure the integrability of such an equation. Under those constraints, some integrable properties are derived, such as the Lax pair and Darboux transformation. Via the Darboux transformation, which is an exercisable way to generate solutions in a recursive manner, the one- and two-solitonic solutions are presented and the relevant physical applications of these solitonic structures in some fields are also pointed out.

Multiple Factorial Analysis of Symbolic Data

This document presents an extension of the multiple factorial analysis to symbolic data and especially to space data. The analysis makes use of the characteristic coding method to obtain active individuals and the reconstitutive coding method for additional individuals in order to conserve the variability of assertion objects. Traditional analysis methods of the main components are applied to coded objects. Certain interpretation aids are presented after the coding process. This method was applied to poverty data.