The synchronizer is a key component of automatic mechanical transmission(AMT)equipped in electric vehicles,but the inertial lock-ring synchronizer(ILRS)commonly used there is not suitable especially for pure electric ...The synchronizer is a key component of automatic mechanical transmission(AMT)equipped in electric vehicles,but the inertial lock-ring synchronizer(ILRS)commonly used there is not suitable especially for pure electric vehicles without a clutch because of big shift impact.To make the shifting process rapid and smooth,a new synchronizer named pressure-controllable friction ring synchronizer(PCFRS)was designed.Initially,the inevitable shortcoming of ILRS was verified by simulation and test.Furthermore,the mechanical characteristics and advantages of the new synchronizer over ILRS were analyzed.Then,the formulations describing the dynamic transmission based on the working mechanism of the PCFRS were established.Finally,the shifting simulation results with PCFRS and ILRS based on the same operating conditions were compared and analyzed.The research shows that the PCFRS can meet the main shifting evaluation index of an AMT without complex control methods,as well as it takes only 0.2406 s to finish the comfortable and zero-speed-difference shifting.The shifting quality of PCFRS is better than that of the ILRS.It lays a foundation for using the new synchronizer as a part of clutchless AMTs equipped in pure electric vehicles.展开更多
A new early-late synchronizer is proposed to improve tracking speed. The performance of the traditional early-late synchronizer is analyzed in detail, the result shows that the different location and length of integra...A new early-late synchronizer is proposed to improve tracking speed. The performance of the traditional early-late synchronizer is analyzed in detail, the result shows that the different location and length of integral period can influence the discriminator characteristic, an improved integral structure is provided which can tracking the synchronization error better. According to the good tracking performance of Kalman filter, a new loop filter is designed. The new early-late synchronizer adopts both the new integral structure and the new loop filter. The analysis with loop theory and simulation results in Simulink show that the new bit synchronizer possesses higher tracking speed than the traditional early-late synchronizer.展开更多
This paper studies pinning-controlled synchronization of complex networks with bounded or unbounded synchronized regions. To study a state-feedback pinning-controlled network with N nodes, it first converts the contro...This paper studies pinning-controlled synchronization of complex networks with bounded or unbounded synchronized regions. To study a state-feedback pinning-controlled network with N nodes, it first converts the controlled network to an extended network of N+1 nodes without controls. It is shown that the controlled synchronizability of the given network is determined by the real part of the smallest nonzero eigenvalue of the coupling matrix of its extended network when the synchronized region is unbounded; but it is determined by the ratio of the real parts of the largest and the smallest nonzero eigenvalues of the coupling matrix when the synchronized region is bounded. Both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation show that the portion of controlled nodes has no critical values when the synchronized region is unbounded, but it has a critical value when the synchronized region is bounded. In the former case, therefore, it is possible to control the network to achieve synchronization by pinning only one node. In the latter case, the network can achieve controlled synchronization only when the portion of controlled nodes is larger than the critical value.展开更多
The idle time which is part of the order fulfillment time is decided by the number of items in the zone; therefore the item assignment method affects the picking efficiency. Whereas previous studies only focus on the ...The idle time which is part of the order fulfillment time is decided by the number of items in the zone; therefore the item assignment method affects the picking efficiency. Whereas previous studies only focus on the balance of number of kinds of items between different zones but not the number of items and the idle time in each zone. In this paper, an idle factor is proposed to measure the idle time exactly. The idle factor is proven to obey the same vary trend with the idle time, so the object of this problem can be simplified from minimizing idle time to minimizing idle factor. Based on this, the model of item assignment problem in synchronized zone automated order picking system is built. The model is a form of relaxation of parallel machine scheduling problem which had been proven to be NP-complete. To solve the model, a taboo search algorithm is proposed. The main idea of the algorithm is minimizing the greatest idle factor of zones with the 2-exchange algorithm. Finally, the simulation which applies the data collected from a tobacco distribution center is conducted to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. The result verifies the model and shows the algorithm can do a steady work to reduce idle time and the idle time can be reduced by 45.63% on average. This research proposed an approach to measure the idle time in synchronized zone automated order picking system. The approach can improve the picking efficiency significantly and can be seen as theoretical basis when optimizing the synchronized automated order picking systems.展开更多
Metal flowing has been numerically simulated for synchronizer hub at different forming conditions. The influences of billet shape, frictional factor,deformation degree and radius of rounded corner on form- ing for be...Metal flowing has been numerically simulated for synchronizer hub at different forming conditions. The influences of billet shape, frictional factor,deformation degree and radius of rounded corner on form- ing for been studied and the processing parameters have been optimized. On the basis, a new technol- ogy of refilling multiplicity forming has been put forward and workpiece that meets the requirement of synchronizer hub has been manufactured.展开更多
In this paper, we further analyze our cellular automaton (CA) traffic flow model. By changing some parameters, the characteristics of our model can be significantly varied, ranging from the features of phase transit...In this paper, we further analyze our cellular automaton (CA) traffic flow model. By changing some parameters, the characteristics of our model can be significantly varied, ranging from the features of phase transitions to the number of traffic phases. We also review the other CA models based on Kerner's three-phase traffic theory. By comparisons, we find that the core concepts for modeling the synchronized flow in these models are similar. Our model can be a good candidate for modeling the synchronized flow, since there is enough flexibility in our framework.展开更多
This paper proposes a scanner–stage synchronized approach emphasizing a novel control structure for the laser polishing of Inconel 718 components manufactured by selective laser melting in order to address increasing...This paper proposes a scanner–stage synchronized approach emphasizing a novel control structure for the laser polishing of Inconel 718 components manufactured by selective laser melting in order to address increasing demands for high surface quality in metal additive manufacturing.The proposed synchronized control system is composed of a motion decomposition module and an error synthesis module.The experimental results show that stitching errors can be avoided thanks to continuous motion during laser processing.Moreover,in comparison with the existing step-scan method,the processing efficiency of the proposed method is improved by 38.22%and the surface quality of the laser-polished area is significantly enhanced due to a more homogeneous distribution of the laser energy during the material phase change.The proposed synchronized system paves the way for high-speed,high-precision,and large-area laser material processing without stitching errors.展开更多
In this paper, the characteristics of synchronized traffic in mixed traffic flow are investigated based on the braking light model. By introducing the energy dissipation and the distribution of slowdown vehicles, the ...In this paper, the characteristics of synchronized traffic in mixed traffic flow are investigated based on the braking light model. By introducing the energy dissipation and the distribution of slowdown vehicles, the effects of the maximum velocity, the mixing ratio, and the length of vehicles on the synchronized flow are discussed. It is found that the maximum velocity plays a great role in the synchronized flow in mixed traffic. The energy dissipation and the distribution of slowdown vehicles in the synchronized flow region are greatly different from those in free flow and a traffic jamming region. When all of vehicles have the same maximum velocity with Vmax 〉 15, the mixed traffic significantly displays synchronized flow, which has been demonstrated by the relation between flow rate and occupancy and estimation of the cross-correlation function. Moreover, the energy dissipation in the synchronized flow region does not increase with occupancy. The distribution of slowdown vehicles shows a changeless platform in the synchronized flow region. This is an interesting phenomenon. It helps to deeply understand the synchronized flow and greatly reduce the energy dissipation of traffic flow.展开更多
A Thomson scattering diagnostic system is under construction at the Joint Texas Experimental Tokamak(J-TEXT). A 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser with 50 Hz repetition rate is used as the laser source. We have used a software f...A Thomson scattering diagnostic system is under construction at the Joint Texas Experimental Tokamak(J-TEXT). A 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser with 50 Hz repetition rate is used as the laser source. We have used a software for careful and precise control of the laser through serial communication. A time sequence operating system has been developed to synchronize the laser control and data acquisition system with the central control system(CSS). The system operates commands from the CSS of J-TEXT and generates triggers for the laser and data acquisition system in the proper sequence. It also measures an asynchronous time value that is needed for accurate time stamping. All functions are served by a field-programmable gate array development platform that is suitable for high-speed data and signal processing applications.Several embedded peripherals, including Ethernet and USB 2.0, provide communication with the CSS and the server.展开更多
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can be originated from autochthonous or allochthonous sources, where allochthonous DOM can be from pedogenic sources (humic substances—HSs) or anthropogenicsources (wastewater). The ana...Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can be originated from autochthonous or allochthonous sources, where allochthonous DOM can be from pedogenic sources (humic substances—HSs) or anthropogenicsources (wastewater). The analysis of fluorescence emission, excitation, synchronous or excitation-emission matrix (EEM) have been used to identify the main source or probable contribution of dissolved compounds, such as humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from sewage, but does not quantify. Fluorescence emission is a powerful technique to detect and qualify organic dissolved compounds but fails in quantitative aspects. In this work, we propose an in situ method for direct determination of DOC using synchronous fluorescence spectra with independent component analysis (ICA). Well known standard solutions were used for method development and validation. In this work, we show that it is possible to predict the number of independent contributions using an unsupervised method based on iterative Principal Component Analysis and Independent Component Analysis (PCA-ICA) approach over combined matrix results. Within these results it’s also possible to see that with a very small amount of independent components it is possible to describe environmental samples of HA, FA and primary productivity (PP).展开更多
Synchronized time lens source is a novel method to generate synchronized optical pulses to mode-locked lasers,and has found widespread applications in coberent Raman scattering microscopy.Relative timing jitter betwee...Synchronized time lens source is a novel method to generate synchronized optical pulses to mode-locked lasers,and has found widespread applications in coberent Raman scattering microscopy.Relative timing jitter between the mode-locked laser and the synchronized time-lens source is a key parameter for evaluating the synchronization peformance of such synchronized laser sys-tems.However,the origins of the relative timing jitter in such systens are not fully determined,which in turn prevents the experimental efforts to optimize the synchronization perfornance.Here,we demonstrate,through theoretical modeling and mumerical simulation,that the photo-detction could be one physical origin of the relative timing jitter.Comparison with relative timing jitter due to the intrinsic timing jitter of the mode-locked laser is also demonstrated,revealing different qualitative and quantitative behavios.Based on the nature of this photo-detection-induced timing jitter,we further propose several strategies to reduce the relative timing jitter.Our thoretical results will provide guidelines for optimizing synchronization performance in experiments.展开更多
In this paper, we study a drive-response discrete-time dynamical system which has been coupled using convex functions and we introduce a synchronization threshold which is crucial for the synchronizing procedure. We p...In this paper, we study a drive-response discrete-time dynamical system which has been coupled using convex functions and we introduce a synchronization threshold which is crucial for the synchronizing procedure. We provide one application of this type of coupling in synchronized cycles of a generalized Nicholson-Bailey model. This model demonstrates a rich cascade of complex dynamics from stable fixed point to periodic orbits, quasi periodic orbits and chaos. We explain how this way of coupling makes these two chaotic systems starting from very different initial conditions, quickly get synchronized. We investigate the qualitative behavior of GNB model and its synchronized model using time series analysis and its long time dynamics by the help of bifurcation diagram.展开更多
Various types of possible interactions between reactions are discussed. Some of them are united by the general idea of chemical reaction interference. The ideas on conjugated reactions are broadened and the determinan...Various types of possible interactions between reactions are discussed. Some of them are united by the general idea of chemical reaction interference. The ideas on conjugated reactions are broadened and the determinant formula is deduced;the coherence condition for chemical interference is formulated and associated phase shifts are determined. It is shown how interaction between reactions may be qualitatively and quantitatively assessed and kinetic analysis of complex reactions with under researched mechanisms may be performed with simultaneous consideration of the stationary concentration method. Using particular examples, interference of hydrogen peroxide dissociation and oxidation of substrates is considered. Therefore macrokinetic theory of coherent synchronized reactions is offered.展开更多
Steganography techniques are used in Multimedia data transfer to prevent adversaries from eaves dropping. Synchronized audio to audio steganography deals with recording the secret audio, hiding it in another audio fil...Steganography techniques are used in Multimedia data transfer to prevent adversaries from eaves dropping. Synchronized audio to audio steganography deals with recording the secret audio, hiding it in another audio file and subsequently sending to multiple receivers. This paper proposes a Multilevel Access control in Synchronized audio steganography, so that Audio files which are meant for the users of low level class can be listened by higher level users, whereas the vice-versa is not allowed. To provide multilevel access control, symmetric polynomial based scheme is used. The steganography scheme makes it possible to hide the audio in different bit locations of host media without inviting suspicion. The Secret file is embedded in a cover media with a key. At the receiving end the key can be derived by all the classes which are higher in the hierarchy using symmetric polynomial and the audio file is played. The system is implemented and found to be secure, fast and scalable. Simulation results show that the system is dynamic in nature and allows any type of hierarchy. The proposed approach is better even during frequent member joins and leaves. The computation cost is reduced as the same algorithm is used for key computation and descendant key derivation. Steganography technique used in this paper does not use the conventional LSB’s and uses two bit positions and the hidden data occurs only from a frame which is dictated by the key that is used. Hence the quality of stego data is improved.展开更多
A control area network (CAN) based multi-motor synchronized motion control system with an advanced synchronized control strategy is proposed. The strategy is to incorporate the adjacent cross-coupling control strate...A control area network (CAN) based multi-motor synchronized motion control system with an advanced synchronized control strategy is proposed. The strategy is to incorporate the adjacent cross-coupling control strategy into the sliding mode control architecture. As illustrated by the four-induction-motor-based experimental results, the multi-motor synchronized motion control system, via the CAN bus, has been successfully implemented. With the employment of the advanced synchronized motion control strategy, the synchronization performance can be significantly improved.展开更多
Inhibitory coupled bursting Hindmarsh-Rose neurons are considered as constitutive units of the Macaque corti- cal network. In the absence of information transmission delay the bursting activity is desynchronized, givi...Inhibitory coupled bursting Hindmarsh-Rose neurons are considered as constitutive units of the Macaque corti- cal network. In the absence of information transmission delay the bursting activity is desynchronized, giving rise to spatiotemporally disordered dynamics. This paper shows that the introduction of finite delays can lead to the synchro- nization of bursting and thus to the emergence of coherent propagating fronts of excitation in the space-time domain. Moreover, it shows that the type of synchronous bursting is uniquely determined by the delay length, with the transi- tions from one type to the other occurring in a step-like manner depending on the delay. Interestingly, as the delay is tuned close to the transition points, the synchronization deteriorates, which implies the coexistence of different bursting attractors. These phenomena can be observed by different but fixed coupling strengths, thus indicating a new role for information transmission delays in realistic neuronal networks.展开更多
Rhythm of brain activities represents oscillations of postsynaptic potentials in neocortex, therefore it can serve as an indicator of the brain activity state. In order to check the connectivity of brain rhythm, this ...Rhythm of brain activities represents oscillations of postsynaptic potentials in neocortex, therefore it can serve as an indicator of the brain activity state. In order to check the connectivity of brain rhythm, this paper develops a new method of constructing functional network based on phase synchronization. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected while subjects looking at a green cross in two states, performing an attention task and relaxing with eyes-open. The EEG from these two states was filtered by three band-pass filters to obtain signals of theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta (14-30 Hz) bands. Mean resultant length was used to estimate strength of phase synchronization in three bands to construct networks of both states, and mean degree K and cluster coefficient C of networks were calculated as a function of threshold. The result shows higher cluster coetticient in the attention state than in the eyes-open state in all three bands, suggesting that cluster coefficient reflects brain state. In addition, an obvious fronto-parietal network is found in the attention state, which is a well-known attention network. These results indicate that attention modulates the fronto-parietal connectivity in different modes as compared with the eyes-open state. Taken together this method is an objective and important tool to study the properties of neural networks of brain rhythm,展开更多
This paper deals with the design of a novel nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller for finite-time synchro-nization of two different chaotic systems with fully unknown parameters and nonlinear inputs. We propose...This paper deals with the design of a novel nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller for finite-time synchro-nization of two different chaotic systems with fully unknown parameters and nonlinear inputs. We propose a novel nonsingular terminal sliding surface and prove its finite-time convergence to zero. We assume that both the master's and the slave's system parameters are unknown in advance. Proper adaptation laws are derived to tackle the unknown parameters. An adaptive sliding mode control law is designed to ensure the existence of the sliding mode in finite time. We prove that both reaching and sliding mode phases are stable in finite time. An estimation of convergence time is given. Two illustrative examples show the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed technique. It is worthwhile noticing that the introduced nonsingular terminal sliding mode can be applied to a wide variety of nonlinear control problems.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51775478)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Grant Nos.E2020203078,E2020203174)+1 种基金Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures(Grant No.KF2021-11)Graduate Innovation Funding Project of Hebei Province(Grant No.CXZZSS2021063)。
文摘The synchronizer is a key component of automatic mechanical transmission(AMT)equipped in electric vehicles,but the inertial lock-ring synchronizer(ILRS)commonly used there is not suitable especially for pure electric vehicles without a clutch because of big shift impact.To make the shifting process rapid and smooth,a new synchronizer named pressure-controllable friction ring synchronizer(PCFRS)was designed.Initially,the inevitable shortcoming of ILRS was verified by simulation and test.Furthermore,the mechanical characteristics and advantages of the new synchronizer over ILRS were analyzed.Then,the formulations describing the dynamic transmission based on the working mechanism of the PCFRS were established.Finally,the shifting simulation results with PCFRS and ILRS based on the same operating conditions were compared and analyzed.The research shows that the PCFRS can meet the main shifting evaluation index of an AMT without complex control methods,as well as it takes only 0.2406 s to finish the comfortable and zero-speed-difference shifting.The shifting quality of PCFRS is better than that of the ILRS.It lays a foundation for using the new synchronizer as a part of clutchless AMTs equipped in pure electric vehicles.
基金Sponsored bythe Ministerial Level Advanced Research Foundation(2000)
文摘A new early-late synchronizer is proposed to improve tracking speed. The performance of the traditional early-late synchronizer is analyzed in detail, the result shows that the different location and length of integral period can influence the discriminator characteristic, an improved integral structure is provided which can tracking the synchronization error better. According to the good tracking performance of Kalman filter, a new loop filter is designed. The new early-late synchronizer adopts both the new integral structure and the new loop filter. The analysis with loop theory and simulation results in Simulink show that the new bit synchronizer possesses higher tracking speed than the traditional early-late synchronizer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10647001)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (Grant No 0728042)+1 种基金the Program for Excellent Talents in Guangxi Higher Education Institutions (Grant No RC2007006)the NSFC-HK Joint Research Scheme (Grant No N-CityU107/07)
文摘This paper studies pinning-controlled synchronization of complex networks with bounded or unbounded synchronized regions. To study a state-feedback pinning-controlled network with N nodes, it first converts the controlled network to an extended network of N+1 nodes without controls. It is shown that the controlled synchronizability of the given network is determined by the real part of the smallest nonzero eigenvalue of the coupling matrix of its extended network when the synchronized region is unbounded; but it is determined by the ratio of the real parts of the largest and the smallest nonzero eigenvalues of the coupling matrix when the synchronized region is bounded. Both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation show that the portion of controlled nodes has no critical values when the synchronized region is unbounded, but it has a critical value when the synchronized region is bounded. In the former case, therefore, it is possible to control the network to achieve synchronization by pinning only one node. In the latter case, the network can achieve controlled synchronization only when the portion of controlled nodes is larger than the critical value.
基金Supported by Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University of China(Grant No.2013GN007)
文摘The idle time which is part of the order fulfillment time is decided by the number of items in the zone; therefore the item assignment method affects the picking efficiency. Whereas previous studies only focus on the balance of number of kinds of items between different zones but not the number of items and the idle time in each zone. In this paper, an idle factor is proposed to measure the idle time exactly. The idle factor is proven to obey the same vary trend with the idle time, so the object of this problem can be simplified from minimizing idle time to minimizing idle factor. Based on this, the model of item assignment problem in synchronized zone automated order picking system is built. The model is a form of relaxation of parallel machine scheduling problem which had been proven to be NP-complete. To solve the model, a taboo search algorithm is proposed. The main idea of the algorithm is minimizing the greatest idle factor of zones with the 2-exchange algorithm. Finally, the simulation which applies the data collected from a tobacco distribution center is conducted to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. The result verifies the model and shows the algorithm can do a steady work to reduce idle time and the idle time can be reduced by 45.63% on average. This research proposed an approach to measure the idle time in synchronized zone automated order picking system. The approach can improve the picking efficiency significantly and can be seen as theoretical basis when optimizing the synchronized automated order picking systems.
文摘Metal flowing has been numerically simulated for synchronizer hub at different forming conditions. The influences of billet shape, frictional factor,deformation degree and radius of rounded corner on form- ing for been studied and the processing parameters have been optimized. On the basis, a new technol- ogy of refilling multiplicity forming has been put forward and workpiece that meets the requirement of synchronizer hub has been manufactured.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2012CB725400)the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University,China
文摘In this paper, we further analyze our cellular automaton (CA) traffic flow model. By changing some parameters, the characteristics of our model can be significantly varied, ranging from the features of phase transitions to the number of traffic phases. We also review the other CA models based on Kerner's three-phase traffic theory. By comparisons, we find that the core concepts for modeling the synchronized flow in these models are similar. Our model can be a good candidate for modeling the synchronized flow, since there is enough flexibility in our framework.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51875313 and 51705013)the Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Tribology&Institute of Manufacturing Engineering(SKLT2019C09).
文摘This paper proposes a scanner–stage synchronized approach emphasizing a novel control structure for the laser polishing of Inconel 718 components manufactured by selective laser melting in order to address increasing demands for high surface quality in metal additive manufacturing.The proposed synchronized control system is composed of a motion decomposition module and an error synthesis module.The experimental results show that stitching errors can be avoided thanks to continuous motion during laser processing.Moreover,in comparison with the existing step-scan method,the processing efficiency of the proposed method is improved by 38.22%and the surface quality of the laser-polished area is significantly enhanced due to a more homogeneous distribution of the laser energy during the material phase change.The proposed synchronized system paves the way for high-speed,high-precision,and large-area laser material processing without stitching errors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10865001 and 11047003)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB705500)the Graduate Student Innovative Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (Grant No. 105930903077)
文摘In this paper, the characteristics of synchronized traffic in mixed traffic flow are investigated based on the braking light model. By introducing the energy dissipation and the distribution of slowdown vehicles, the effects of the maximum velocity, the mixing ratio, and the length of vehicles on the synchronized flow are discussed. It is found that the maximum velocity plays a great role in the synchronized flow in mixed traffic. The energy dissipation and the distribution of slowdown vehicles in the synchronized flow region are greatly different from those in free flow and a traffic jamming region. When all of vehicles have the same maximum velocity with Vmax 〉 15, the mixed traffic significantly displays synchronized flow, which has been demonstrated by the relation between flow rate and occupancy and estimation of the cross-correlation function. Moreover, the energy dissipation in the synchronized flow region does not increase with occupancy. The distribution of slowdown vehicles shows a changeless platform in the synchronized flow region. This is an interesting phenomenon. It helps to deeply understand the synchronized flow and greatly reduce the energy dissipation of traffic flow.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China under Contract No.2015GB111001by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11575067)
文摘A Thomson scattering diagnostic system is under construction at the Joint Texas Experimental Tokamak(J-TEXT). A 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser with 50 Hz repetition rate is used as the laser source. We have used a software for careful and precise control of the laser through serial communication. A time sequence operating system has been developed to synchronize the laser control and data acquisition system with the central control system(CSS). The system operates commands from the CSS of J-TEXT and generates triggers for the laser and data acquisition system in the proper sequence. It also measures an asynchronous time value that is needed for accurate time stamping. All functions are served by a field-programmable gate array development platform that is suitable for high-speed data and signal processing applications.Several embedded peripherals, including Ethernet and USB 2.0, provide communication with the CSS and the server.
文摘Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can be originated from autochthonous or allochthonous sources, where allochthonous DOM can be from pedogenic sources (humic substances—HSs) or anthropogenicsources (wastewater). The analysis of fluorescence emission, excitation, synchronous or excitation-emission matrix (EEM) have been used to identify the main source or probable contribution of dissolved compounds, such as humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from sewage, but does not quantify. Fluorescence emission is a powerful technique to detect and qualify organic dissolved compounds but fails in quantitative aspects. In this work, we propose an in situ method for direct determination of DOC using synchronous fluorescence spectra with independent component analysis (ICA). Well known standard solutions were used for method development and validation. In this work, we show that it is possible to predict the number of independent contributions using an unsupervised method based on iterative Principal Component Analysis and Independent Component Analysis (PCA-ICA) approach over combined matrix results. Within these results it’s also possible to see that with a very small amount of independent components it is possible to describe environmental samples of HA, FA and primary productivity (PP).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11404218)the Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen (JCYJ20160307150657874,KQJSCX-20160226194151,KQTD20150710165601017)+1 种基金the Project of Department of Education of Guangdong Province (2014KTSCX114)the Natural Science Foundation of SZU (00002701).
文摘Synchronized time lens source is a novel method to generate synchronized optical pulses to mode-locked lasers,and has found widespread applications in coberent Raman scattering microscopy.Relative timing jitter between the mode-locked laser and the synchronized time-lens source is a key parameter for evaluating the synchronization peformance of such synchronized laser sys-tems.However,the origins of the relative timing jitter in such systens are not fully determined,which in turn prevents the experimental efforts to optimize the synchronization perfornance.Here,we demonstrate,through theoretical modeling and mumerical simulation,that the photo-detction could be one physical origin of the relative timing jitter.Comparison with relative timing jitter due to the intrinsic timing jitter of the mode-locked laser is also demonstrated,revealing different qualitative and quantitative behavios.Based on the nature of this photo-detection-induced timing jitter,we further propose several strategies to reduce the relative timing jitter.Our thoretical results will provide guidelines for optimizing synchronization performance in experiments.
文摘In this paper, we study a drive-response discrete-time dynamical system which has been coupled using convex functions and we introduce a synchronization threshold which is crucial for the synchronizing procedure. We provide one application of this type of coupling in synchronized cycles of a generalized Nicholson-Bailey model. This model demonstrates a rich cascade of complex dynamics from stable fixed point to periodic orbits, quasi periodic orbits and chaos. We explain how this way of coupling makes these two chaotic systems starting from very different initial conditions, quickly get synchronized. We investigate the qualitative behavior of GNB model and its synchronized model using time series analysis and its long time dynamics by the help of bifurcation diagram.
文摘Various types of possible interactions between reactions are discussed. Some of them are united by the general idea of chemical reaction interference. The ideas on conjugated reactions are broadened and the determinant formula is deduced;the coherence condition for chemical interference is formulated and associated phase shifts are determined. It is shown how interaction between reactions may be qualitatively and quantitatively assessed and kinetic analysis of complex reactions with under researched mechanisms may be performed with simultaneous consideration of the stationary concentration method. Using particular examples, interference of hydrogen peroxide dissociation and oxidation of substrates is considered. Therefore macrokinetic theory of coherent synchronized reactions is offered.
文摘Steganography techniques are used in Multimedia data transfer to prevent adversaries from eaves dropping. Synchronized audio to audio steganography deals with recording the secret audio, hiding it in another audio file and subsequently sending to multiple receivers. This paper proposes a Multilevel Access control in Synchronized audio steganography, so that Audio files which are meant for the users of low level class can be listened by higher level users, whereas the vice-versa is not allowed. To provide multilevel access control, symmetric polynomial based scheme is used. The steganography scheme makes it possible to hide the audio in different bit locations of host media without inviting suspicion. The Secret file is embedded in a cover media with a key. At the receiving end the key can be derived by all the classes which are higher in the hierarchy using symmetric polynomial and the audio file is played. The system is implemented and found to be secure, fast and scalable. Simulation results show that the system is dynamic in nature and allows any type of hierarchy. The proposed approach is better even during frequent member joins and leaves. The computation cost is reduced as the same algorithm is used for key computation and descendant key derivation. Steganography technique used in this paper does not use the conventional LSB’s and uses two bit positions and the hidden data occurs only from a frame which is dictated by the key that is used. Hence the quality of stego data is improved.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 69774011)
文摘A control area network (CAN) based multi-motor synchronized motion control system with an advanced synchronized control strategy is proposed. The strategy is to incorporate the adjacent cross-coupling control strategy into the sliding mode control architecture. As illustrated by the four-induction-motor-based experimental results, the multi-motor synchronized motion control system, via the CAN bus, has been successfully implemented. With the employment of the advanced synchronized motion control strategy, the synchronization performance can be significantly improved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10972001,10702023 and 10832006)Matjaz Perc individually acknowledges support from the Slovenian Research Agency (Grant No. Z1-2032)
文摘Inhibitory coupled bursting Hindmarsh-Rose neurons are considered as constitutive units of the Macaque corti- cal network. In the absence of information transmission delay the bursting activity is desynchronized, giving rise to spatiotemporally disordered dynamics. This paper shows that the introduction of finite delays can lead to the synchro- nization of bursting and thus to the emergence of coherent propagating fronts of excitation in the space-time domain. Moreover, it shows that the type of synchronous bursting is uniquely determined by the delay length, with the transi- tions from one type to the other occurring in a step-like manner depending on the delay. Interestingly, as the delay is tuned close to the transition points, the synchronization deteriorates, which implies the coexistence of different bursting attractors. These phenomena can be observed by different but fixed coupling strengths, thus indicating a new role for information transmission delays in realistic neuronal networks.
基金supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30800242)
文摘Rhythm of brain activities represents oscillations of postsynaptic potentials in neocortex, therefore it can serve as an indicator of the brain activity state. In order to check the connectivity of brain rhythm, this paper develops a new method of constructing functional network based on phase synchronization. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected while subjects looking at a green cross in two states, performing an attention task and relaxing with eyes-open. The EEG from these two states was filtered by three band-pass filters to obtain signals of theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta (14-30 Hz) bands. Mean resultant length was used to estimate strength of phase synchronization in three bands to construct networks of both states, and mean degree K and cluster coefficient C of networks were calculated as a function of threshold. The result shows higher cluster coetticient in the attention state than in the eyes-open state in all three bands, suggesting that cluster coefficient reflects brain state. In addition, an obvious fronto-parietal network is found in the attention state, which is a well-known attention network. These results indicate that attention modulates the fronto-parietal connectivity in different modes as compared with the eyes-open state. Taken together this method is an objective and important tool to study the properties of neural networks of brain rhythm,
文摘This paper deals with the design of a novel nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller for finite-time synchro-nization of two different chaotic systems with fully unknown parameters and nonlinear inputs. We propose a novel nonsingular terminal sliding surface and prove its finite-time convergence to zero. We assume that both the master's and the slave's system parameters are unknown in advance. Proper adaptation laws are derived to tackle the unknown parameters. An adaptive sliding mode control law is designed to ensure the existence of the sliding mode in finite time. We prove that both reaching and sliding mode phases are stable in finite time. An estimation of convergence time is given. Two illustrative examples show the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed technique. It is worthwhile noticing that the introduced nonsingular terminal sliding mode can be applied to a wide variety of nonlinear control problems.