HHO optimized support vector machine classifier for traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation of diabetic retinopathy

AIM:To develop a classifier for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome differentiation of diabetic retinopathy(DR),using optimized machine learning algorithms,which can provide the basis for TCM objective and intelligent syndrome differentiation.METHODS:Collated data on real-world DR cases were collected.A variety of machine learning methods were used to construct TCM syndrome classification model,and the best performance was selected as the basic model.Genetic Algorithm(GA)was used for feature selection to obtain the optimal feature combination.Harris Hawk Optimization(HHO)was used for parameter optimization,and a classification model based on feature selection and parameter optimization was constructed.The performance of the model was compared with other optimization algorithms.The models were evaluated with accuracy,precision,recall,and F1 score as indicators.RESULTS:Data on 970 cases that met screening requirements were collected.Support Vector Machine(SVM)was the best basic classification model.The accuracy rate of the model was 82.05%,the precision rate was 82.34%,the recall rate was 81.81%,and the F1 value was 81.76%.After GA screening,the optimal feature combination contained 37 feature values,which was consistent with TCM clinical practice.The model based on optimal combination and SVM(GA_SVM)had an accuracy improvement of 1.92%compared to the basic classifier.SVM model based on HHO and GA optimization(HHO_GA_SVM)had the best performance and convergence speed compared with other optimization algorithms.Compared with the basic classification model,the accuracy was improved by 3.51%.CONCLUSION:HHO and GA optimization can improve the model performance of SVM in TCM syndrome differentiation of DR.It provides a new method and research idea for TCM intelligent assisted syndrome differentiation.

Clinical study on microscopic syndrome differentiation and traditional Chinese medicine treatment for liver stomach disharmony in chronic gastritis

BACKGROUND Chronic gastritis(CG)is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by inflammation of the stomach lining.Liver-stomach disharmony(LSD)syndrome is believed to contribute to CG symptoms.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of microcosmic syndrome differentiation and Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)treatment in patients with CG and LSD syndrome.METHODS Sixty-four patients with CG and LSD syndrome were randomly divided into two groups:The treatment group received CHM based on microcosmic syndrome differentiation and the control group received conventional Western medicine.The treatment course lasted 12 wk.The primary outcome was improvement in dyspeptic symptoms,measured using the Nepean Dyspepsia Index.The secondary outcomes included the improvement rate of endoscopic findings,histopathological findings,and microcosmic syndrome scores and the incidence of adverse events.RESULTS After 12 wk of treatment,the treatment group showed significantly greater improvement in dyspeptic symptoms than the control group(93.75%vs 65.63%,P<0.01).The treatment group also showed a significantly higher improvement rate in endoscopic findings than the control group(81.25%vs 53.13%,P<0.05).The improvement rates of histopathological findings and microcosmic syndrome scores were not significantly different between the two groups(P>0.05).No serious adverse events were observed in either group.CONCLUSION Microcosmic syndrome differentiation and CHM treatment can effectively improve dyspeptic symptoms and endoscopic findings in patients with CG and LSD syndrome and have a good safety profile.Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are required to confirm the long-term efficacy and mechanism of action of this treatment.

Effects of TCM Nursing Based on Syndrome Differentiation on Pulmonary Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of COPD

[Objectives] To investigate the effects of TCM nursing based on syndrome differentiation on pulmonary function and quality of life in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). [Methods] A total of 92 patients with AECOPD who came to Nanchong Chinese Medicine Hospital from March 2022 to February 2023 were selected for the study, and the intervention group (TCM nursing based on syndrome differentiation, 46 cases) and the conventional group (basic nursing, 46 cases) were selected for the study, and the pulmonary function and quality of life of the two groups were compared. [Results] Before nursing, there was no significant difference in levels of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) between the intervention group and conventional group ( P >0.05). After 3 months of nursing, the levels of FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in the intervention group were higher than those in the conventional group ( P <0.05). Before nursing, there was no significant difference in the scores of health, emotion and social functions between the two groups ( P >0.05). At three months of nursing, the scores of health, emotion, and social functions in the intervention group were higher than those in the conventional group ( P <0.05). [Conclusions] The implementation of TCM nursing based on syndrome differentiation in patients with AECOPD can effectively improve the pulmonary function and quality of life of patients, and has significant clinical implementation value.

Ophthalmic Syndrome Differentiation System and Digital Chinese Medicine

In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),ophthalmic syndrome differentiation is an ophthalmology-specific method for identifying syndromes based on the“Five Orbiculi”theory.It was devised by Professor Qing-Hua PENG through an unprecedented combination of syndrome element differentiation and ophthalmic clinical practices,based on the Clinical Terminology of Chinese Medical Diagnosis and Treatment-Syndromes of the National Standards of the People's Republic of China.This approach integrates an ophthalmic syndrome differentiation system with digital Chinese medicine(DCM),and proposes the extraction of syndrome elements of ophthalmic diseases from research on DCM.These elements are then quantified and organized to form a model of digital diagnosis and treatment specific to ophthalmology,which should help to achieve synergistic development of the ophthalmic syndrome differentiation system and DCM.

Nursing Based on Syndrome Differentiation Combined with Auricular Plaster Therapy in Alleviating Insomnia

Objective:To observe the effect of auricular point pressing combined with nursing based on syndrome differentiation in the treatment of insomnia patients.Methods:Totally 92 patients with insomnia were randomly divided into the observation groupgiven auricular point pressing combined with nursing care based on syndrome differentiation and the control group treated with auricular point pressing alone.The improvement of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),TCM Syndrome Score and nursing satisfaction were compared between the 2 groups.Results:The time effect of PSQI total score and 6 factors in both groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).The time effect,interaction effect and inter-group effect of subjective sleep quality,PSQI total score were statistically significant(P<0.05);the 4 inter-group factors of sleep quality,sleep latency,sleep duration and daytime function were statistically significant(P<0.05).The total score of TCM syndromes in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the satisfaction rate in the observation group higher than that in the control group(80.43%vs.60.86%,P<0.05).Conclusion:Auricular point pressing combined withnursing based on syndrome differentiation can effectively improve the sleep quality of insomnia patients,and has significant advantages in improving TCM syndromes,as well as gained higher nursing satisfaction from patients.

Clinical Observation on Quality of Life in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patients Treated According to Syndrome Differentiation of TCM

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect and quality of life (QOL) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients treated according to syndrome differentiation of TCM. Methods: Eighty-two CABG patients were allocated in the control group (n = 39) treated with conventional method of western medicine, and the TCM-treated group (n

Research on Text Mining of Syndrome Element Syndrome Differentiation by Natural Language Processing

Objective Natural language processing (NLP) was used to excavate and visualize the core content of syndrome element syndrome differentiation (SESD). Methods The first step was to build a text mining and analysis environment based on Python language, and built a corpus based on the core chapters of SESD. The second step was to digitalize the corpus. The main steps included word segmentation, information cleaning and merging, document-entry matrix, dictionary compilation and information conversion. The third step was to mine and display the internal information of SESD corpus by means of word cloud, keyword extraction and visualization. Results NLP played a positive role in computer recognition and comprehension of SESD. Different chapters had different keywords and weights. Deficiency syndrome elements were an important component of SESD, such as "Qi deficiency""Yang deficiency" and "Yin deficiency". The important syndrome elements of substantiality included "Blood stasis""Qi stagnation", etc. Core syndrome elements were closely related. Conclusions Syndrome differentiation and treatment was the core of SESD. Using NLP to excavate syndromes differentiation could help reveal the internal relationship between syndromes differentiation and provide basis for artificial intelligence to learn syndromes differentiation.

Design of a WeChat Learning Platform for Syndrome Differentiation

Objective To design a WeChat mini program called Chinese Syndrome Differentiation Learning Platform(CSDLP)on smartphone to improve health literacy.Methods The developer tools of WeChat(Version:v1.01.170925)were used for designing and debugging the mini program.SPSS17.0 was used for statistical purposes.“View container”“Basic content”“Form component”“Navigation”and“Media components”were used for the development of the WeChat mini program.The detailed method was referred to https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/wxadoc/dev/.Results A WeChat mini program called CSDLP was developed.This program has three major functions which are WeChat reading,WeChat class and WeChat syndrome differentiation.The official test report showed that there were no functionality errors for the seven android smartphones(referred to as A,B,C,D,E,F and G)that CSDLP was tested on.Statistical analysis results showed that the average memory in D,E,F and G was lower than in A,B and C.Average ratio was the highest in F and the lowest in G.The average loading time was the same for all smartphones.The audio database for diagnostics using traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and a lecture video database were based on diagnostic textbook.Our team built a syndrome differentiation database which included 51 diseases.Conclusion CSDLP can improve knowledge visualization,studying process,and information sharing in terms of the training and development of new techniques for syndrome differentiation and treatment in TCM,and it can provide a better illustration for people to understand TCM.

Treatment of oral ulcer based on TCM syndrome differentiation

Oral ulcer is a kind of ulcerative injury that occurs in the oral mucosa and is very common in clinic.In severe case,it can affect the quality of life of the patients.Western medicine treatment of oral ulcer is often prone to relapse,while the effect of traditional Chinese medicine treatment is remarkable.

The Comparative Study on Two Models of Syndrome Differentiation of the Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease: An Investigation Analysis of the Signs and Symptoms on 2325 Cases

Objective To realize the characteristics of "zheng" differentiation-treatment for hand, foot and mouth disease(HFMD), a new methodology of syndrome differentiation for different stages of HFMD has been explored. Methods Total of 2 325 cases with HFMD were recorded by distributing them into exterior syndrome stage, interior syndrome stage, severe syndrome stage and recovered syndrome stage, respectively, and the main symptoms and subsidiary symptoms of different stages of HFMD have been observed. The major and minor pathogenesis of HFMD in different stages were obtained, and compared with the "2010 Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of HFMD". Results It was found that the major pathogenesis of exterior stage was defined as "the invation of the wenevil to the defender of the body with the collaterals got involved ", and the minor as "qi deficiency"; in interior stage, "the fury of Gan-Yang" was the main pathogenesis, and "qi in chaos and qi deficiency" was the minor; in severe syndrome stage, "the damage of heart, liver and lung" was the main pathogenesis, and "qi in chaos" was the minor; and the pathogenesis of recovered stage was "qi-yin deficiency". Compared with the "2010 Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of HFMD", it showed that "the obstruction of the fei-pi qi by the mixture of shi-re evil" and "the mixture of shi-re" in vivo was quite difficult to be explained in completely different context in the general situation; in the severe stage, the TCM clinical characteristics of syndrome differentiation might lose; in the early acute severe cases, the phenomenon that xin-yang and fei-qi almost ran out was difficult to be observed, then, the line between the severe and the acute severe became vague.Conclusions The theory of syndrome differentiation by stages of HFMD was reasonable in the actual situation of clinical description on HFMD which was expected to be further tested and widely applied in the "zheng" differentiation-treatment of HFMD in the future.

Regularity of syndrome differentiation and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for Henoch-Schonlein purpura based on data mining techniques

Objective:This study aims to explore the regularity of syndrome differentiation and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for allergic purpura.Methods:CNKI,Weipu Chinese science and technology database,wanfang medical network database,and Chinese biomedical literature database were searched for eligible studies.Medical records including complete patient personal information,patient symptoms,TCM syndromes,treatment,and medication were included.The data was analyzed using the Chinese medicine heritage support platform provided by the Chinese Academy of Chinese medicine(V2.5).Results:Differentiation of health gas camp blood was the most commonly used method of differentiation of symptoms and signs in famous veteran TCM.The treatment included cooling blood,activating blood circulation,clearing heat and detoxifying toxins,removing blood stasis and stopping bleeding.Honeysuckle,Forsythia suspensa,cicada slough and other drugs were interrelated.Potential drug pair combinations and drug networks showed the basic drug composition of Qingying Decoction.According to the entropy cluster analysis,28 core drug combination and 12 new formulations were obtained.Conclusion:The regularity of syndrome differentiation and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for Henoch-Schonlein purpura based on the famous and old TCM doctors was complex.Further researches are still needed.

Summary of Experience in Treating Hyperthyroidism with TCM Syndrome Differentiation

Syndrome differentiation is the characteristic and soul of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which has certain advantages in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. TCM mainly divides its syndrome differentiation into four types: exuberant liver fire type, yin deficiency and fire exuberant type, qi-yin deficiency type and phlegm stagnation type. This paper summarizes the treatment of hyperthyroidism by TCM syndrome differentiation, in order to provide some reference for the treatment of this disease.

COMMENTS ON TREATMENT OF OBESITY BASED ON SYNDROME DIFFERENTIATION OF BODY FLUID

Because of no exact name about obesity in traditional Chinese medicine, clinically there have no unified syndrome types about obesity. The present paper uses the original syndrome differentiation of body fluid and selects classical acupuncture and moxibustion prescriptions to treat obesity, which is conducive to further systematizing classical acupuncture and moxibustion prescriptions and providing sufficient basis for clinical popularization.

Treatment of Oral Ulcer based on TCM Syndrome Differentiation

Oral ulcer is a kind of ulcerative injury that occurs in the oral mucosa and is very common in clinic.In severe case,it can affect the quality of life of the patients.Western medicine treatment of oral ulcer is often prone to relapse,while the effect of traditional Chinese medicine treatment is remarkable.

Progress of traditional Chinese Medicine on ADHD Treatment Based on Syndrome Differentiation

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD)is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood.Syndrome differentiation for ADHD in traditional Chinese medicine is complex without common uniform,it is important to propose unified standards.Based on the principle of syndrome differentiation,this article focused on the different names of different syndrome differentiation methods but the same essence,and summarized Chinese medicine compounds according to syndrome factors.By collecting relevant literature on ADHD treatment with Chinese herbal compound in recent years,ADHD is classified into 7 different syndrome types,and Chinese herbal compound is classified correspondingly for reference and selection of clinical treatment of ADHD.

Summary on Professor QIAO Bao-zhang's Experience in Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment for Pancreatic Cancer

Objective:To summarize clinical experience of Professor QIAO Bao-zhang in treatment for pancreatic cancer,and to provide reference for clinicians.Methods:Through learning from Professor QIAO during his clinical practice and listening to his lectures,Professor QIAO Bao-zhang's clinically proved cases of treating pancreatic cancer based on syndrome differentiation were organized and summarized.From aspects like etiology,pathogenesis,treatment principles and treatment methods of pancreatic cancer,Professor QIAO's experience in diagnosis and treatment for this disease was analyzed and explored,and characteristics of medication were summarized.Two typical cases were selected as proof,and his treatment ideas and methods were explored.Results:Professor QIAO believes that the pathogenesis is mostly deficiency of vital Qi(正气),and stagnation of phlegm,heat and dampness in Zang-Fu(脏腑)and meridians.Around intermingled deficiency and excess,syndrome differentiation and treatment were performed.Due to treatment methods such as strengthening vital Qi to eliminate pathogenic factor,clearing heat,eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm,as well as removing toxicity and resolving hard mass,progress of malignant tumors was inhibited and recurrence and metastasis of malignant tumors were delayed.Conclusion:Professor QIAO's experience in treating pancreatic cancer is worth learning.

Study on the Correlation between Syndrome Differentiation of Malignant Pleural Effusion Treated by External Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunohistochemistry of Biopsy Tissue Based on Medical Video-assisted Thoracoscope

Objective:Guided by the theory of syndrome differentiation of yin and yang in traditional Chinese medicine surgery,through visual observation of internal medicine thoracoscope,comprehensive observation of pleural cavity and immunohistochemistry of biopsy tissue,to classify malignant pleural effusion according to syndrome differentiation,and to explore the scientific nature of its theory.Methods:From March 1,2014 to February 28,2015,40 cases of malignant pleural effusion were treated in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University.According to the proposed TCM diagnostic criteria for yin and yang syndrome differentiation,and collect age,gender,course of disease,clinical symptoms,tumor primary focus,histomorphological manifestations and immunohistochemical results and other related information,and carry out statistical data processing.Results:The positive syndrome was mainly metastatic lung adenocarcinoma,which accounted for the majority of all MPE cases,up to 75%.The immunohistochemical results of biopsy tissues were mainly CEA and TTF-1 positive;While pleural effusion caused by pleural mesothelioma was the main type of yin syndrome,and the results of immunohistochemistry combined with biopsy were mainly positive for D2-40,Calretinin,WT-1 and CK5/6.Conclusion:TCM syndrome differentiation of MPE based on internal thoracoscopy combined with biopsy immunohistochemical results has sufficient theoretical basis and certain scientific nature,and further clinical research is needed to verify its effectiveness and practicability in the future.

Chief Physician Wang Defen’s Experience in Treating Thyroid Nodules based on Syndrome Differentiation

To summarize the experience of Chief Physician Wang Defen in the treatment of thyroid nodules.According to many years of clinical experience,Chief Physician Wang Defen believes that the occurrence of thyroid nodules is mostly affected by emotional factors.Qi stagnation,liver depression and fire,phlegm and Qi are the pathogenesis of the disease,which is closely related to liver Qi stagnation.Based on the basic treatment principle of Nourishing Yin,clearing heat,soothing liver and strengthening spleen,the prescription chose Danzhi Xiaoyao Powder plus or minus can often achieve good clinical efficacy.

Analysis on the Law of Chinese Medicine Use of Ulcerative Colitis and TCM Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment

Ulcerative colitis is a kind of inflammatory bowel disease.The disease is slow and easy to relapse.Western medicine treatment mainly focuses on symptomatic treatment,which has certain side effects on liver and kidney function.Ulcerative colitis has unique advantages in disease,so by studying a large amount of information,mainly from the law of traditional Chinese medicine use of UC,and a brief summary of the treatment of TCM syndromes,this article provide s ideas and basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Progress of TCM Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Hypertension with Sleep Disorders

It has been discovered that the number of hypertensive patients with various types of sleep disorders is on the rise,which significantly increases the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases.Modern medicine has not reached a consensus on the mechanism and treatment of these diseases but relies on drugs to improve sleep disorders and blood pressure.We regard TCM syndrome differentiation as the breakthrough point,along with comprehensive modern and traditional medical methods based on dialectical thinking as means of holistic and symptomatic treatment of Western medicine integrated with the eight principles of TCM diagnosis,Zang-Fu organs,six meridians,Qi,blood and fluid,as well as other dialectical methods,in order to provide a broader idea for TCM treatment and lay a foundation for further and better development of integrated TCM and Western medicine treatment.