Cytotoxic synergism of Clostridioides difficile toxin B with proinflammatory cytokines in subjects with inflammatory bowel diseases

Clostridioides difficile(C.difficile)is progressively colonizing humans and animals living with humans.During this process,hypervirulent strains and mutated toxin A and B of C.difficile(TcdA and TcdB)are originating and developing.While in healthy subjects colonization by C.difficile becomes a risk after the use of antibiotics that alter the microbiome,other categories of people are more susceptible to infection and at risk of relapse,such as those with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Recent in vitro studies suggest that this increased susceptibility could be due to the strong cytotoxic synergism between TcdB and proinflammatory cytokines the tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma(CKs).Therefore,in subjects with IBD the presence of an inflammatory state in the colon could be the driver that increases the susceptibility to C.difficile infection and its progression and relapses.TcdB is internalized in the cell via three receptors:chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan 4;poliovirus receptor-like 3;and Wnt receptor frizzled family.Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan 4 and Wnt receptor frizzled family are involved in cell death by apoptosis or necrosis depending on the concentration of TcdB and cell types,while poliovirus receptor-like 3 induces only necrosis.It is possible that cytokines could also induce a greater expression of receptors for TcdB that are more involved in necrosis than in apoptosis.Therefore,in subjects with IBD there are the conditions:(1)For greater susceptibility to C.difficile infection,such as the inflammatory state,and abnormalities of the microbiome and of the immune system;(2)for the enhancement of the cytotoxic activity of TcdB+Cks;and(3)for a greater expression of TcdB receptors stimulated by cytokines that induce cell death by necrosis rather than apoptosis.The only therapeutic approach currently possible in IBD patients is monitoring of C.difficile colonization for interventions aimed at reducing tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma levels when the infection begins.The future perspective is to generate bacteriophages against C.difficile for targeted therapy.

噻唑膦与硅肥联合使用对甘薯茎线虫病的防治效果

为了有效控制甘薯茎线虫病的危害,通过盆栽试验和田间试验分别研究了不同种类硅肥及噻唑膦对甘薯茎线虫病的防控效果。室内试验结果表明,单独施用硅肥对甘薯茎线虫病防治效果较差,但10%噻唑膦颗粒剂与不同种类硅肥联合使用后可显著降低甘薯种薯及薯苗受线虫侵染率,其效果优于单独使用等量的10%噻唑膦颗粒剂。田间施用噻唑膦后再增施硅肥,可使噻唑膦防治效果显著增高,甘薯受害率降低,甘薯产量提高。其中硅肥途保佳15 L/hm^(2)与10%噻唑膦颗粒剂18 kg/hm^(2)或22.5 kg/hm^(2)联合使用后,对茎线虫病的防治效果均达到87%以上,显著高于10%噻唑膦颗粒剂22.5 kg/hm^(2)处理。联合施用硅肥可以在减少噻唑膦用量情况下保持对茎线虫病较高防效,具有较好的推广应用前景。

咪唑离子液体与辛烷磺酸钠复配体系的聚集行为

采用表面张力法测定了辛烷磺酸钠(SOS)/溴化1-癸基-3-甲基咪唑鎓([C_(10)mim]Br)以及SOS/溴化1-十四烷基-3-甲基咪唑鎓([C_(14)mim]Br)复配体系的表面活性,得到了临界胶束浓度(cmc)、平衡表面张力(γ_(cmc))、表面压(Π_(cmc))、饱和吸附量(Γ_(max))和气液界面吸附分子的最小截面积(A_(min))等参数。应用Rubingh正规溶液理论,计算了混合胶束的组成(X_(1)^|(m))、活度系数(f_(1)^(m)和f_(2)^(m))及分子相互作用参数(β^(m)),所研究的体系均表现出了强协同增效作用,与[C_(10)mim]Br相比,SOS与[C_(14)mim]Br间的相互作用更强。热力学参数的计算结果也表明了混合胶束是自发形成的,且为热力学稳定体系。利用分光光度法测定了体系的浊度,结合目视观察与吸光度数值绘制了各体系的相图,SOS与[C_(10)mim]Br和[C_(14)mim]Br的复配体系均存在3个浓度区,即低均相溶液区、两相区和高均相溶液区。

理肺解毒益髓汤对晚期肺癌化疗的增效减毒作用及其机制研究

目的:探究理肺解毒益髓汤对晚期肺癌化疗的增效减毒作用及其机制。方法:将2021年1月—2022年3月河北省中医院呼吸一科收治的80例晚期肺癌化疗患者依据随机数字表法分为对照组(n=40)和观察组(n=40)。对照组进行常规化疗,观察组则在对照组的基础上加用理肺解毒益髓汤。比较两组临床疗效、毒副反应发生率、治疗前后生存质量[健康调查量表36(SF-36)]、免疫因子[白细胞介素(IL)-4、IL-6、IL-10、IL-17及γ干扰素(IFN-γ)]及外周血循环肿瘤细胞数。结果:观察组总有效率显著高于对照组,毒副反应发生率均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗前,两组SF-36评分、免疫因子及外周血循环肿瘤细胞数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组SF-36评分、IFN-γ水平均显著高于对照组,IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IL-17均显著低于对照组,外周血循环肿瘤细胞数少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:理肺解毒益髓汤在晚期肺癌化疗患者中的增效减毒作用突出,可显著改善患者的生存质量,可能是通过调节免疫因子发挥作用。

考虑净负荷不确定性的配电网协同调度

如何实现可再生能源的最大化消纳同时保证配电网的安全经济运行成为亟须解决的问题。首先,将节点上的可再生能源出力和负荷聚合为净负荷并以区间描述其不确定性,同时将系统中调节能力在节点上的映射以端点可优化的区间描述,以调节能力区间和净负荷扰动区间的公共部分反映该节点净负荷扰动的可接纳域。然后,基于优先目标规划,构建了以最大化净负荷扰动可接纳域、最小化配电网运行总成本、最小化电压偏差为目标的考虑净负荷不确定性的3层优化模型,进而得到协同考虑新能源最大化消纳、运行成本合理、节点电压波动最小化的优化方案,保证了配电网运行的安全性、可靠性与经济性。最后,基于改进的IEEE 33节点配网算例,验证了该模型和方法的有效性。

宜荆荆恩森林城市群建设的总体布局研究

宜昌市、荆州市、荆门市和恩施州构成的宜荆荆恩城市群是湖北省三大城市群之一,也是长江经济带上重要的生态安全屏障区,开展森林城市群建设对促进区域生态、经济、社会和文化协同发展具有重要意义。文章分析了宜荆荆恩城市群生态安全格局、森林湿地资源、生态产业发展、生物多样性保护等现状,从城市群尺度指出存在的问题和发展需求;在此基础上,提出“山区强四库,平原织两网,城乡提三景,全域筑四链”的宜荆荆恩森林城市群总体建设布局,并阐述具体的建设内容。

生物增效技术促进炼油废水降氮效果分析

介绍了针对外排氨氮标准不断提升,炼油含盐废水处理装置出水氨氮控制难度增加,在一段时期常出现波动情况,投加硝化菌进行生物增效处理达标的生产试验。对试验过程和试验前后含盐污水处理装置进、出水数据进行分析,对照出水pH值与硝化系统的关系,找到了出水氨氮异常升高主要是污水处理系统碱度降低引起的根本原因。证明了投加硝化菌进行生物增效的方法可作为恢复污水生化系统快速建立硝化系统,恢复氨氮去除能力的有效应急手段。

多因素协同的大型活动场馆周边路段速度预测

大型活动会引起举办场馆周边区域路网出现交通流短时骤增与消散,导致周边区域路网交通运行呈现偶发性与不确定性波动,而现有预测方法通常难以捕捉特殊事件下交通流受多维因素复杂影响及其演变机理。为充分挖掘路段速度的时间序列和影响因素特征,揭示速度预测中不同影响特征间的耦合作用机理,提出了一种结合可解释机器学习与长短时记忆网络的速度预测模型(MC-LSTM)。结合大型活动的特点构建影响因素集,采用XGBoost算法评价活动规模、性质等因素特征对场馆周边路段速度的影响相对重要度,量化多元因素对场馆周边路网运行状态的协同效用,融合LSTM网络,考虑交通状态的时间依赖关系,捕获不同历史时期的时间相关性,实现对活动期间场馆周边路段速度的精确预测。以北京市连续6个月的大型活动期间周边路网为例进行模型验证,结果表明:所构建的MC-LSTM模型的预测精度可达94.5%以上,优于考虑多因素协同的XGBoost模型、只考虑单因素特征的LSTM模型及未考虑外部特征的LSTM模型,证明该研究所提出的模型有效性与稳定性更优,可为大型活动场馆周边路网交通组织优化和制定针对性交通管控与保障措施提供定量化的决策依据。

创新驱动政策是否促进城市减污降碳协同增效?——来自国家创新型城市试点政策的经验证据

在当前“双碳”目标和美丽中国建设背景下,以创新驱动政策为引领促进城市减污降碳协同增效,对于推动形成人与自然和谐发展现代化建设新格局具有重要意义。基于2004—2020年中国284个地级及以上城市数据,以国家创新型城市试点政策为准自然实验,构建多期双重差分模型实证检验该试点政策对减污降碳协同增效的影响及作用机制。研究结果表明,以国家创新型城市试点政策为代表的创新驱动政策能够显著促进城市减污降碳协同增效,该结论在经过平行趋势检验、安慰剂检验、PSM-DID等一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立。进一步的影响机制分析发现,创新驱动政策能够通过技术效应、结构效应和产业集聚效应促进城市减污降碳协同增效。此外,创新驱动政策在环境关注度高、环保目标约束强和资源配置效率高的城市中对减污降碳协同增效的促进效果更为明显。研究结论为充分利用创新驱动政策促进城市减污降碳协同增效,进而实现经济社会绿色转型提供了政策启示。

木材纤维锚定二氧化铈电极材料的制备及其性能研究

利用木材纤维含氧基团的吸附作用锚定生长二氧化铈,成功制备出一维中空管状结构复合电极材料(WF@CeO_(2))。通过调控硝酸铈的添加量改善电极材料的电化学性能,并探讨了木材纤维对二氧化铈的增效作用。研究结果表明:当硝酸铈的添加量为2 mmol时,WF@CeO_(2)-2样品的比表面积可达303.73 m^(2)/g,所制备的电极在电流密度0.5 A/g下表现出高比电容(371 F/g),木材纤维的存在极大地提高了二氧化铈电极材料的电化学性能。以WF@CeO_(2)-2电极组装的非对称超级电容器的比电容可达34.5 F/g,其峰值能量密度为44.16 Wh/kg,峰值功率密度为4002.7 W/kg,在经过5000次充放电循环后电容保持率为91.1%,表现出良好的循环稳定性。

Remediation of in-situ Leach Mining Contaminated Soil by Amendment-plant Synergism

This study aimed to remediate in-situ leach mining contaminated soil by amendment-plant synergism. The results showed that plant species exhibited ex-tremely significant effects on the concentration of nitrate nitrogen; to be specific, the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in soil planted with wheat was reduced from 692.19 mg/kg to lower than 100 mg/kg; when the mass ratio of amendment to soil reached 3：50 and the amendment particle size was 1-2 mm, the concentration of nitrate ni-trogen in soil planted with wheat was reduced to 43 mg/kg. The amendment type exhibited extremely significant effects on the concentration of ammonium nitrogen; to be specific, when the mass ratio of amendment to soil reached 10：50, the concen-tration of ammonium nitrogen in soil added with 2-3 mm zeolite was reduced from 23 593.75 to 3 300 mg/kg on day 15. Amendments and plants mainly exhibited desorption performance for sulfate radical in soil, and the amendment type extreme-ly significantly affected the concentration of sulfate radical; to be specific, the con-centration of sulfate radical in soil added with limestone increased from 370 mg/kg to 900 mg/kg on day 7.

太阳能光热催化制氢研究进展

太阳能光热催化(SPTC)制氢技术是从遵循全光谱太阳能分波段能量禀赋特性出发,利用太阳能短波部分高品位光子的光效应驱动光催化反应,同时利用长波部分低品位光子的热效应驱动热催化反应或者辅助强化光催化制氢,可解决传统热催化的高能耗和光催化的低转化效率问题,实现全光谱太阳能的分波段协调转化高效制氢。本文首先介绍了SPTC的定义与分类,然后详细综述了热效应对光催化以及光效应对热催化的协同强化机制,最后对SPTC技术的发展前景进行展望,以期为该技术更广泛的研究及应用提供指导。

棕色绿僵菌与高效氯氰菊酯复配杀蝇蛆的增效作用

为了研究棕色绿僵菌(Metarhizium brunneum)与高效氯氰菊酯(beta-cypermethrin)复配在蝇蛆防控中的应用,试验测定了高效氯氰菊酯和棕色绿僵菌的相容性,以及单一棕色绿僵菌组、棕色绿僵菌与高效氯氰菊酯复配制剂组杀蝇蛆毒性试验。结果表明,即使在较高浓度的下,高效氯氰菊酯对棕色绿僵菌的菌丝生长情况、孢子萌发率和孢子产量等无显著影响;高效氯氰菊酯与棕色绿僵菌联合使用确实可以增加棕色绿僵菌对蝇蛆的致死率,其中孢子浓度为1×10^(8)个/mL、1×10^(7)个/mL对蝇蛆的累计死亡率分别从90.0%、86.7%提高到100%;孢子浓度为1×10^(6)个/mL、1×10^(5)个/mL、1×10^(4)个/mL的累计死亡率分别从86.7%、50%和36.7%提高到93.3%、70%和63.3%。说明棕色绿僵菌与高效氯氰菊酯相容性良好,可以一起使用。低剂量的高效氯氰菊酯与棕色绿僵菌联用应用可以降低高效氯氰菊酯的使用量并提高生物防治效果。

The effect of celastrol in combination with 5-fluorouracil on proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cell lines

Background:Despite the availability of chemotherapy drugs such as 5-fluorouracil(5-FU),the treatment of some cancers such as gastric cancer remains challenging due to drug resistance and side effects.This study aimed to investigate the effect of celastrol in combination with the chemotherapy drug 5-FU on proliferation and induction of apoptosis in human gastric cancer cell lines(AGS and EPG85-257).Materials and Methods:In this in vitro study,AGS and EPG85-257 cells were treated with different concentrations of celastrol,5-FU,and their combination.Cell proliferation was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay.The synergistic effect of 5-FU and celastrol was studied using Compusyn software.The DNA content at different phases of the cell cycle and apoptosis rate was measured usingflow cytometry.Results:Co-treatment with low concentrations(10%inhibitory concentration(IC10))of celastrol and 5-FU significantly reduced IC50(p<0.05)so that 48 h after treatment,IC50 was calculated at 3.77 and 6.9μM for celastrol,20.7 and 11.6μM for 5-FU,and 5.03 and 4.57μM for their combination for AGS and EPG85-257 cells,respectively.The mean percentage of apoptosis for AGS cells treated with celastrol,5-FU,and their combination was obtained 23.9,41.2,and 61.9,and for EPG85-257 cells 5.65,46.9,and 55.7,respectively.In addition,the 5-FU and celastrol-5-FU combination induced cell cycle arrest in the synthesis phase.Conclusions:Although celastrol could decrease the concentration of 5-fluorouracil that sufficed to suppress gastric cancer cells,additional studies are required to arrive at conclusive evidence on the anticancer effects of celastrol.

间甲氧基苯甲酸和噻唑膦复配对土传病原微生物的联合毒力评价

为筛选出更适合作物土传病害防治的高效农药品种,在室内条件下分别测定了间甲氧基苯甲酸与噻唑膦单剂及其复配对青枯雷尔氏菌、尖孢镰刀菌和根结线虫的毒力,并采用Wadley法对复配药剂的联合毒力进行评价。结果表明,不同复配比混合物对土传病原物的活性有所差异。间甲氧基苯甲酸与噻唑膦体积比为1∶1时,对青枯雷尔氏菌和南方根结线虫的增效作用最强,增效系数SR分别为1.67和1.83;而该体积比下对尖孢镰刀菌的SR同样最高,为1.16,表现为相加作用。间甲氧基苯甲酸和噻唑膦按体积比1∶1复配可用于防治土传病原微生物引起的植物病害。

A Rapid Parameter of Enzyme-Treated Cellulosic Material Revealed by Reducing Sugar Release

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of enzymes in purifying and reducing the degree of polymerization of cellulose for the production of dissolving pulp.Our goal was to determine the contributions of xylanase(X)and endoglucanase(EG)in the treatment of pulp,specifically by quantifying the formation of soluble and insoluble reducing sugars using the dinitrosalycilic acid(DNS)test.Predominantly,the release of soluble reducing sugars(RSSol)was enhanced after xylanase treatment,while endoglucanase(EG)treatment led to changes in insoluble reducing sugars(RSIns).The maximum synergism was observed for RSIns when a high ratio of endoglucanase to xylanase(320EG:5X/g pulp)was used.The relative contribution of endoglucanase to RSins was determined to be 15.6%of the total reducing sugar.The viscosity of pulps treated with xylanase decreased only by 7%,whereas endoglucanase treatment significantly reduced viscosity by 45%.Modifications in the particle size were observed after pulp treatment with the combination of endoglucanase and xylanase.In summary,the DNS test is a rapid and effective method for evaluating the efficiency of enzyme treatments on pulps.The measurement of RSIns correlates with changes in pulp viscosity to different extents,providing valuable insights into the effectiveness of enzyme treatments.

煤电行业建设项目碳排放环境影响评价技术方法研究:以黄河流域为例

煤电行业是黄河流域内二氧化碳和大气污染物排放的主要来源,将煤电行业碳排放影响评价纳入环境影响评价体系,能够有效助推黄河流域实现减污降碳协同增效.本文以煤电行业碳排放主要影响因素为基础,设计了能够涵盖碳排放全过程的评价指标体系,并结合先进技术、标准规范要求等设定差异化评价基准,构建以约束评价为主、兼顾指导性评价的评价方法,并采用评价方法中的核心评价指标碳排放绩效,对黄河流域现役煤电机组和“十四五”期间新增煤电机组进行碳减排潜力分析.结果表明,通过优化项目设计可实现流域内现役煤电机组碳排放量下降12.7%,“十四五”期间新建煤电机组碳排放增量下降27.1%,其中新增煤电机组装机占比较高的内蒙古自治区、陕西省可实现新增煤电机组碳排放分别下降30.7%和23.0%.研究显示,黄河流域内碳减排潜力大,建议针对黄河流域内碳排放绩效水平较差的特点,从燃煤小机组淘汰、低碳清洁燃料替代等方式推动煤电行业综合治理,建立协同技术相关指标数据管理台账,出台火电行业碳排放影响评价指南,为煤电行业新增建设项目减污降碳协同增效提供有力有效的政策工具.

护肝布祖热方联合奥沙利铂对肝细胞癌荷瘤裸鼠的减毒增效作用及机制

目的 研究护肝布祖热方联合奥沙利铂对肝细胞癌荷瘤裸鼠的减毒增效作用及机制。方法 从40只裸鼠中选取8只作为空白组(生理盐水),其余32只裸鼠皮下接种人肝癌Huh7细胞构建荷瘤裸鼠模型。将造模成功的32只裸鼠随机分为模型组(生理盐水,灌胃)、奥沙利铂组(10 mg/kg,腹腔注射)、护肝布祖热方组(0.69 g/kg,灌胃)和联合用药组(腹腔注射10 mg/kg奥沙利铂+灌胃0.69 g/kg护肝布祖热方浸膏),每组8只。每天灌胃给药/生理盐水1次,连续32 d;每7天腹腔注射给药1次,共5次。实验期间,观察各组裸鼠一般情况,每4 d测量1次肿瘤体积;给药第30天,检测裸鼠热刺激缩足潜伏期;给药结束后,检测各组裸鼠的抑瘤率、脾脏系数、血常规指标以及血清中天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)和肌酐水平,观察裸鼠肿瘤组织病理形态变化,检测肿瘤组织中微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC3)、选择性自噬接头蛋白p62、B细胞淋巴瘤2(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)和胱天蛋白酶3(Caspase-3)的表达。结果 与模型组比较,奥沙利铂组裸鼠肿瘤体积、瘤重以及全血中白细胞、红细胞数量和脾脏系数均显著减小/降低(P<0.01),热刺激缩足潜伏期和血清中AST、肌酐水平均显著延长/升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与奥沙利铂组比较,联合用药组裸鼠肿瘤体积、瘤重均显著减小/降低(P<0.01),全血中白细胞、红细胞、血小板数量和脾脏系数均显著增加/升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),热刺激缩足潜伏期和血清中AST、肌酐水平均显著缩短/降低(P<0.01);肿瘤组织中LC3、Bax和Caspase-3蛋白的表达水平均显著升高(P<0.01),p62、Bcl-2蛋白的表达水平均显著降低(P<0.01)。结论 护肝布祖热方通过诱导凋亡和自噬增强奥沙利铂对裸鼠的抑瘤作用,并可缓解奥沙利铂引起的外周神经毒性、血液毒性、肝肾毒性和免疫器官毒性。

6-DAS/DMIC对Q235钢在甲醇甲酸介质中的缓蚀协同作用

目的研究6-脱氢枞酰胺基己酸钠和1-十二烷基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐作为复配缓蚀剂对Q235钢在甲醇甲酸腐蚀溶液的协同缓蚀作用。方法通过静态失重法、电化学极化测试和电化学阻抗法,结合SEM、EDX、AFM等一系列表面表征技术验证了复配缓蚀剂的性能与行为,同时利用软件模拟计算缓蚀剂分子的轨道排布与分子动力学,揭示分子结构与缓蚀性能间的联系。结果该复配缓蚀剂能够抑制Q235钢在甲醇甲酸介质中的腐蚀过程,降低腐蚀速率。缓蚀效率随复配比的提高而增大。在复配比为6-DAS∶DMIC=1∶8时,失重法测得缓蚀效率最高达到93.98%;通过电化学法获得的缓蚀效率最高达到92.32%,并且通过电位的移动证明其为控制阳极过程的混合型缓蚀剂。表征技术表明,该复配缓蚀剂能有效吸附并在钢表面形成一层缓蚀分子膜层,其可以隔绝腐蚀介质与金属的接触,保护基底金属免受介质的腐蚀。结论该复配缓蚀剂能够有效降低腐蚀介质对Q235钢的侵蚀作用,实验数据与表征技术相互吻合,证明了该复配缓蚀剂是一种优良的有机缓蚀剂。研究结果为后续开发更高效的绿色缓蚀剂提供了思路和方法。

Goals and Key Technology of Fertilizer-pesticide "Double Reduction" and Synergism for Greenhouse Strawberry

In order to develop green good, reduce the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticide, realize ＂double reduction＂ and synergism, improve safety and quality of products, protect the ecological environment and promote the healthy and steady development of strawberry industry, the goals and key technology of fertilizer-pesticide ＂double reduction＂ and synergism for greenhouse strawberry are summed up in this paper targeting at the current situation of strawberry production and combined with the new technology achievements at home and abroad. The key technology includes six items： healthy seedling cultivating technique, soil improvement and continuous cropping obstacle treatment technique, agricultural ecological prevention tech- nique, physicochemical trap of pest control technique, biological control technique and low residual risk chemical control technique.