Investigation multi-target synergistic mechanism of Choerospondias axillaris in the treat of cerebral ischemia based on systems pharmacology and experimental verification

Background:Choerospondias axillaris(CA)is a traditional Mongolian medicine that has been proven to have a good therapeutic effect on cerebrovascular disease.Cerebral Ischemia(CI)is a severe and life-threatening cerebrovascular disease.However,the specific mechanism of action of CA in the treatment of CI is still unclear.Methods:In this study,the related targets and pathways of CA in the treatment of CI were first predicted by system pharmacology and then verified by relevant experiments.Results:The results showed that 12 active ingredients and 208 targets were selected.Further validation through protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis and active ingredients-target-pathway(A-T-P)network analysis has confirmed the pivotal roles of the main bioactive constituents,including quercetin,kaempferol,naringin,β-sitosterol,and gallic acid.These components exert their anti-ischemic effects by modulating key targets such as IL6,TNF,MAPK3,and CASP3,thereby regulating the PI3K-Akt,HIF-1,and MAPK signaling pathways,which are integral to processes like inflammation,apoptosis,and oxidative stress.More importantly,through experimental verification,this study confirmed our prediction that CAE significantly reduced neurological function scores,infarct volume,and the percentage of apoptosis neurons.Conclusion:This indicates that CA acts on CI through multi-target synergistic mechanism,and this study provides theoretical basis for the clinical application of CA.

Methylene blue intercalated vanadium oxide with synergistic energy storage mechanism for highly efficient aqueous zinc ion batteries

With the rise of aqueous multivalent rechargeable batteries,inorganic-organic hybrid cathodes have attracted more and more attention due to the complement of each other’s advantages.Herein,a strategy of designing hybrid cathode is adopted for high efficient aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs).Methylene blue(MB)intercalated vanadium oxide(HVO-MB)was synthesized through sol-gel and ion exchange method.Compared with other organic-inorganic intercalation cathode,not only can the MB intercalation enlarge the HVO interlayer spacing to improve ion mobility,but also provide coordination reactions with the Zn^(2+)to enhance the intrinsic electrochemical reaction kinetics of the hybrid electrode.As a key component for the cathode of AZIBs,HVO-MB contributes a specific capacity of 418 mA h g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1),high rate capability(243 mA h g^(-1) at 5 A g^(-1))and extraordinary stability(88%of capacity retention after 2000cycles at a high current density of 5 A g^(-1))in 3 M Zn(CF_(3)SO_(3))_(2) aqueous electrolyte.The electrochemical kinetics reveals HVO-MB characterized with large pseudocapacitance charge storage behavior due to the fast ion migration provided by the coordination reaction and expanded interlayer distance.Furthermore,a mixed energy storage mechanism involving Zn^(2+)insertion and coordination reaction is confirmed by various ex-situ characterization.Thus,this work opens up a new path for constructing the high performance cathode of AZIBs through organic-inorganic hybridization.

Synergistic mechanism between Bronsted acid site and active cerium species in hydride transfer reaction over CeY zeolites

In this study,cyclohexene was used as a representative of olefin and catalyzed by CeY zeolites in a fixedbed reactor under mild conditions,and the influence of Ce species in hydride transfer reaction over CeY zeolites was evaluated.CeY zeolites show more excellent hydride transfer properties than HY zeolite.Based on the results of almost identical Bronsted acid properties but not the product distributions for 0.075 CeY and 0.075 CeY(DC)samples,it should be suggested that the Bronsted acid strength and density are not the deciding factors to the hydride transfer reaction.A unique band at 1442 cm^-1 in situ FTIR spectroscopy spectra are assigned to pyridine complexes bonded to a class of active Ce species that could reversibly migrate from the core of SOD cages to its 6-rings mouth towards the supercages.These results provide valuable information that these active Ce species should play a synergistic role with the Bronsted acid sites in enhancing the hydride transfer reaction with a bimolecular mechanism over CeY zeolites.

Understanding the intrinsic synergistic mechanism between Pt-O-Ti interface sites and TiO_(2) surface sites of Pt/TiO_(2) catalysts in Fenton-like reaction

Identifying the active site of oxide-supported metal catalysts and revealing the intrinsic synergistic mechanism between metal and oxide support remain a large challenge.Herein,we report the identification and separation of the Pt-O-Ti interface and TiO_(2) surface in Pt-TiO_(2)-based catalysts by depositing different thickness of TiO_(2) shell with∼0.4-nm micropores onto the surface of Pt/TiO_(2) catalyst through atomic layer deposition(ALD).In the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)by hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))process,the TiO_(2) microporous shells can prevent the contact between TMB and embedded Pt clusters,but not delay the diffusion of H_(2)O_(2).The heterolysis of H_(2)O_(2) to ·OH occurs on the Pt-O-Ti interface,and the generated•OH migrates to the TiO_(2) surface to supplement the surface lattice oxygen,which sequentially oxidizes TMB to oxTMB.And the synergistic effect between Pt-O-Ti interface active sties and TiO_(2) surface active sites can significantly improve the catalytic performance.Our study provides a guide for the understanding of the intrinsic synergistic mechanism between the metal and oxide support in the metal-oxide catalysts.

Structure-based multi-ligand molecular modeling to predict the synergistic effects of limonin and obacunone from Simiao pill against nitric oxide synthase 3 associated with hyperuricemia

Hyperuricemia(HUA)mainly occurs because of purine metabolism disorders.We recently proposed that limonin from Simiao pill may have therapeutic effects on nitric oxide synthase 3(NOS3)that is related to HUA.Concurrently,our previous work employed a new method,structure-based multi-ligand molecular modeling,to identify potential agents from a herbal formula that may produce synergistic effects and may have the potential to develop combination drugs.Therefore,we employed multi-ligand modeling to seek compounds with potential synergistic effects with limonin against NOS3.We obtained 403 multi-ligand docking results between 403 compounds and the limonin-NOS3 complex(average affinity–8.297 kcal/mol).Then we selected the top 10 highest binding affinity compounds for virtual pharmacokinetic and toxicity screening and we found that only obacunone passed all filters.We further subjected obacunone,bound to limonin and NOS3,to molecular dynamics simulations.We found that the NOS3-limonin-obacunone complex was more stable than the NOS3-limonin complex,based on the root mean square deviation of backbone Cαatoms and root mean square fluctuation,which suggests that synergistic effects may exist between limonin and obacunone.Further cell and animal experimental research is required to verify our results.

Preparing low-oxygen Ti-6Al-4V alloy powder through direct reduction of oxides and its synergistic reaction mechanism

Ti-6Al-4V alloy powder was prepared through a two-step reduction of a mixture of TiO_(2),V_(2)O_(5) and Al_(2)O_(3) in this study.The oxide mixture was first reduced by Mg in MgCl_(2) at 750℃ in argon,where oxygen was reduced to 2.47 wt%from 40.02 wt%.The oxygen content in the final powder was eventually reduced to an extremely low level(0.055 wt%)using calcium at 900℃ in argon,and the final powder had the composition of 90.12 wt%Ti,5.57 wt%Al,and 3.87 wt%V,which meets the standard specification of Ti-6Al-4V(ASTM F1108-09).Between the two reductions,a heat treatment step was designed to help controlling the specific surface area and particle size.The effect of the heat treatment temperature on the morphology,and composition uniformity of the powder was investigated in detail.Heat treatment above 1300℃ attributed to a dense powder with a controlled specific surface area.Thermodynamic modeling and experimental results indicated that onlyα-Ti enriched with Al andβ-Ti enriched with V exist in the final powder,and other possible phases including Al-Mg and Al-V were excluded.This study also offers a triple-step thermochemical process for producing high-purity Ti-based alloy powder.

The role of polyurethane foam compressible layer in the mechanical behaviour of multi-layer yielding supports for deep soft rock tunnels

The polyurethane foam(PU)compressible layer is a viable solution to the problem of damage to the secondary lining in squeezing tunnels.Nevertheless,the mechanical behaviour of the multi-layer yielding supports has not been thoroughly investigated.To fill this gap,large-scale model tests were conducted in this study.The synergistic load-bearing mechanics were analyzed using the convergenceconfinement method.Two types of multi-layer yielding supports with different thicknesses(2.5 cm,3.75 cm and 5 cm)of PU compressible layers were investigated respectively.Digital image correlation(DIC)analysis and acoustic emission(AE)techniques were used for detecting the deformation fields and damage evolution of the multi-layer yielding supports in real-time.Results indicated that the loaddisplacement relationship of the multi-layer yielding supports could be divided into the crack initiation,crack propagation,strain-hardening,and failure stages.Compared with those of the stiff support,the toughness,deformability and ultimate load of the yielding supports were increased by an average of 225%,61%and 32%,respectively.Additionally,the PU compressible layer is positioned between two primary linings to allow the yielding support to have greater mechanical properties.The analysis of the synergistic bearing effect suggested that the thickness of PU compressible layer and its location significantly affect the mechanical properties of the yielding supports.The use of yielding supports with a compressible layer positioned between the primary and secondary linings is recommended to mitigate the effects of high geo-stress in squeezing tunnels.

Light-induced ZnO/Ag/rGO bactericidal photocatalyst with synergistic effect of sustained release of silver ions and enhanced reactive oxygen species

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) can effectively address the issue of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections to reduce the potential toxicity of Ag NPs. Although challenging, it is, therefore, necessary to achieve the sustainable release of Ag+ ions from a finite amount of Ag NPs. This study aims at designing an efficient and benign antimicrobial silver-based ternary composite composed of photocatalysis zinc oxide (ZnO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a carrier, in which the reactive oxygen species (ROS) excited from ZnO and Ag+ ions released from the Ag NPs cooperate to realize an effective antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The constant effective bacterial performance of the ternary photocatalyst with minimum Ag content can be attributed to the increase in the available quantity of ROS, which results from the enhanced separation efficiency of the photogenerated carriers. The proposed system notably realized the long-term sustainable release of Ag+ ions with low concentration for 30 days when compared with an equivalent amount of silver nitrate. Moreover, the use of the composite prevents biotoxicity and silver wastage, and imparts enhanced stability to the long-lasting antibacterial efficacy.

Adsorption mechanism of sodium oleate and styryl phosphonic acid on rutile and amphibole surfaces

A reagent combination of sodium oleate(NaOl)and salicyl hydroximic acid was employed as the roughing and scavenging collectors,whereas styryl phosphoric acid(SPA)and octanol were employed as the cleaning collectors.Results of bench-scale flotation demonstrate that the dosage of SPA can be reduced by about 80%,and that a better flotation index can be obtained using the proposed reagent system.The results of adsorption amount and contact angle measurements indicate that the rutile surface adsorbed not only a large amount of residual NaOl but also SPA and a small amount of NaOl remained on the amphibole surface in strong acidic solution.The hydrophobic difference between rutile and amphibole surfaces was therefore amplified in cleaning,and their further separation became much easier consequently.

The Effect and Mechanism of Nano-Cu Lubricating Additives on the Electroless Deposited Ni-W-P Coating

The coating and deposition process with excellent anti wear and suitable for industrial application were developed, and the optimum bath composition and process were obtained by studying the influence of the bath composition, temperature and pH value on the deposition rate and the plating solution stability. Moreover, the tribological properties of nano-Cu lubricating additives and electroless deposited Ni-W-P coating as well as their synergistic effect are researched using ring-block abrasion testing machine and energy dispersive spectrometer. Research results show that Ni-W-P alloy coating and nano-Cu lubricating additive have excellent synergistic effect, e g, the wear resistance of Ni-W-P alloy coating （with heat treatment and the oil with nano-Cu additives） has increased hundreds times than 45 steel as the metal substrate with the basic oil, and zero wear is achieved, which breaks through the bottleneck of previous separate research of the above-mentioned two aspects.

Explore the direct and/or the synergistic antihypertensive effects of wind-dispelling herbs involving Fangfeng and Baizhi on hypertensive rats with liver-yang hyperactivity based on vasoactive substances

Objective： To explore the direct and/or the enhancing antihypertensive effects of wind-dispelling herbs involvingFangfeng （Saposhnikoviae Radix） and Baizhi （Angelicae dahuricae Radix） using liver-yang hyperactivity renalhypertension rat. Methods： Model rats with hyperactivity of liver-yang hyperactivity were prepared using male SD rats.Once successful, the rats were randomly divided into groups and given medicine by gavage for 4 weeks. Blood wascollected from the abdominal aorta to prepare serum. Serum nitric oxide （NO） concentration was determined bychemical colorimetry. The contents of ET, TXB2 and 6-K-PGF1a were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbentassay （ELISA）. Results： Compared with the control model group, the blood pressure, serum ET and TXB2 of rats in thewind dispelling medicine group was not significantly reduced, while those of rats in captopril group, Tianma GoutengDecoction I group （TGD group） decreased significantly （P 〈0.05 for both）. Interestingly, the blood pressure, serum ETand TXB2 of rats in the combination group （wind dispelling medicine ＆ TGD） decreased significantly compared withboth wind dispelling medicine group and TGD group. Meanwhile, the levels of serum NO and 6- K-PGF1a in thecombination group was much higher than those in the wind dispelling medicine group or TGD group （P 〈0.05 for both）.However, the levels of serum NO and 6- K-PGF1a in the wind dispelling medicine group was not significantly increasedcompared with the model group. Conclusion： There is no direct pressure lowering effects of wind dispelling medicinealone, while wind dispelling medicine could potentiates the antihypertensive effects of Tianma Gouteng Decoction I.Besides, the synergistic effects may be related to decreased ET and TXB2 levels and the increased NO and 6- K-PGF1alevels.

Roles and mechanisms of carbonaceous materials in advanced oxidation coupling processes for degradation organic pollutants in wastewater:a review

The widespread organic pollutants in wastewater are one of the global environmental problems.Advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)are widely used because of their characteristics of high efficiency and strong oxidation.However,AOPs may have some defects,such as incomplete mineralization of organic pollutants and the generation of toxic by-products during the degradation process,thus it is essential to seek efficient and green wastewater treatment technologies.Coupling different AOPs or other processes is beneficial for the mineralization of pollutants and reduces ecological risks to the environment.It is worth noting that carbonaceous materials(CMs)have received widespread attention and application in the degradation of organic pollutants in water by advanced oxidation coupling processes(C-AOPs)due to their excellent physicochemical properties in recent years.However,the behaviors and mechanisms of C-AOPs based on CMs on the degradation of organic pollutants are still unknown.Therefore,it is essential to comprehensively summarize the recent research progress.In this review,the applications of different CMs in C-AOPs were reviewed first.Secondly,the synergistic mechanisms of the C-AOPs based on different CMs were discussed.Then,toxic intermediates were explored and important toxicity assessment methods were proposed.Finally,the application potential of the C-AOPs in the future and the challenges were proposed.This review provides an important reference for the application and optimization of the C-AOPs in organic wastewater treatment in the future.

The interaction of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet using argon or argon plus hydrogen peroxide vapour addition with bacillus subtilis

This paper reports that an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma jet, which uses argon or argon ＋ hydrogen peroxide vapour as the working gas, is designed to sterilize the bacillus subtilis. Compared with the pure argon plasma, the bacterial inactivation efficacy has a significant improvement when hydrogen peroxide vapour is added into the plasma jet. In order to determine which factors play the main role in inactivation, several methods are used, such as determination of optical emission spectra, high temperature dry air treatment, protein leakage quantification, and scanning electron microscope. These results indicate that the possible inactivation mechanisms are the synergistic actions of chemically active species and charged species.

P-band center theory guided activation of MoS_(2) basal S sites for pHuniversal hydrogen evolution

The edge S sites of thermodynamically stable 2H MoS_(2)are active for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)but the active sites are scarce.Despite the dominance of the basal S sites,they are generally inert to HER because of the low p-band center.Herein,we reported a synergistic combination of phase engineering and NH_(4)^(+) intercalation to promote the HER performance of MoS_(2).The rational combination of 1T and 2H phases raises the p-band center of the basal S sites while the intercalated NH4+ions further optimize and stabilize the electronic band of these sites.The S sites with regulated band structures afford moderate hydrogen adsorption,thus contributing to excellent HER performance over a wide pH range.In an acid medium,this catalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 169 mV at 10 mA·cm^(−2)and Tafel slope of 39 mV·dec^(−1)with robust stability,superior to most of recently reported MoS_(2)-based non-noble catalysts.The combined use of in/ex-situ characterizations ravels that the appearance of more unpaired electrons at the Mo 4d-orbital reduces the d-band center which upshifts the p-band center of the adjacent S for essentially improved HER performance.This work provides guidelines for the future development of layered transition-metal-dichalcogenide catalysts.

Informatization Teaching Research Empowers Teachers toward Clustered Innovation and Practice of High-Quality Development

Teachers are the primary resource of education and an important guarantee for building a high-quality education system.Teaching research is an effective way for teacher professional development.This paper focuses on problems of the failure of traditional teaching research models,unbalanced supply,and inaccurate support,with the core goal of realizing the clustered,synergistic,and high-quality development of teachers,and builds a new form model of three integrations,one focus,and N innovations for regional informatization teaching research with innovative characteristics,a dual coordination mechanism for the clustered high-quality development of teachers,and an accurate support strategy for the comprehensive literacy of teacher informatization teaching research.

Post-synthetic thiol modification of covalent organic frameworks for mercury(Ⅱ)removal from water

Various materials have been developed for environmental remediation of mercury ion pollution.Among these materials,covalent organic frameworks(COFs)can efficiently adsorb Hg(II)fromwater.Herein,two thiol-modified COFs(COF-S-SH and COF-OH-SH)were prepared,through the reaction between 2,5-divinylterephthalaldehyde and 1,3,5-tris-(4-aminophenyl)benzene,followed by post-synthetic modification using bis(2-mercaptoethyl)sulfide and dithiothreitol,respectively.The modified COFs showed excellent Hg(II)adsorption abilities with maximum adsorption capacities of 586.3 and 535.5 mg g^(-1)for COF-S-SH and COF-OH-SH,respectively.The prepared materials showed excellent selective absorbability for Hg(II)against multiple cationic metals in water.Unexpectedly,the experimental data showed that both co-existing toxic anionic diclofenac sodium(DCF)and Hg(II)performed positive effect for capturing another pollutant by these two modified COFs.Thus,a synergistic adsorption mechanism between Hg(II)and DCF on COFs was proposed.Moreover,density functional theory calculations revealed that synergistic adsorption occurred between Hg(II)and DCF,which resulted in a significant reduction in the adsorption system's energy.This work highlights a new direction for application of COFs to simultaneous removal of heavy metals and co-existing organic pollutants from water.

Efficient antimicrobial properties of layered double hydroxide assembled with transition metals via a facile preparation method

Mg2+in MgAl-layered double hydroxides nanoparticles was substituted with different divalent transition metal ions(MAl-LDHs,M:Mg2+,Cu2+,Ni2+,Co2+,and Mn2+)via a facile method to be used as antibacterial agents.The phase structural and morphological characterizations of MAl-LDHs were investigated by XRD,FTIR spectroscopy and TEM.The results have shown that all of MAl-LDHs had typical layered structures except MnAl-LDH which contained Mn304 phases.Particular morphology of MnAl-LDH with ellipsoids,spherical and rod-like structure and CuAl-LDH with rod-like shape existed.IC50(the concentrations providing 50%antibacterial activity)values of CuAl-LDH,NiAl-LDH,CoAl-LDH,and MnAlLDH in broth dilution tests were^800-1500μg/mL.Dosages of CuAl-LDH,CoAl-LDH,and MnAl-LDH with>10 mm inhibition zone in disk diffusion tests were^150-300μg/disk.Antibacterial mechanism of MAl-LDHs may be attributed to the synergistic factors including effected surroundings,surface interactions,morphology of particles,ROS and metal ions.The results indicate a facile method to synthesis LDHs based effective antibacterial agents with the potential application in the area of water treatment and antibacterial coating.

Recent Developments of Dinitrogen Activation on Metal Complexes and Clusters

Dinitrogen(N_(2)) is the major component of the atmosphere and many factors bring about dinitrogen inertness with low reactivity. Dinitrogen activation on metal complexes and clusters under ambient condition is the long-standing goal in the modern chemistry. In this review,an attempt has been made to survey the mechanistic aspects of dinitrogen activation and functionalization based on different coordination binding modes of dinitrogen. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive survey of dinitrogen activation in order to guide the relevant research in the future.