Co-benefits of Local Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gas Reduction Achieved by Hydropower Development in Xizang(Tibet) Autonomous Region, China

Hydropower development in Xizang(Tibet) Autonomous Region plays a vital role in co-control of local air pollutants and greenhouse gas(GHG) in China. According to emission factors of local air pollutants and GHG of coal-fired power industry in different hydropower service regions, we estimate the effect and synergy of local air pollutants and GHG reduction achieved by hydropower development in Tibet, examine the main factors constraining the effect and synergy, using correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results show that: 1) During the period from 2006 to 2012, the effect of local air pollutants and GHG reduction achieved by hydropower development in Tibet decreased as a whole, while the synergy increased first and decreased afterwards. 2) The effect and synergy of local air pollutants and GHG reduction achieved by hydropower development in Tibet vary significantly across different hydropower service regions. The effect based on emission levels of Central China power grid(CCPG) and Northwest China power grid(NCPG) was more significant than that based on emission level of national power grid(NPG) from 2006 to 2012, and the synergy based on emission levels of CCPG and NCPG was also more significant than that based on emission level of NPG from 2010 to 2012. 3) The main factors constraining the effect and synergy based on emission levels of NCPG and CCPG included SO2 removal rate and NOx removal rate, the effect and synergy based on emission level of NPG was mainly influenced by net coal consumption rate. 4) Transferring hydropower from Tibet to NCPG and CCPG, and substituting local coal-fired power with hydropower can greatly help to co-control local air pollutants and GHG, transform the emission reduction pattern of the power industry and optimize energy structure.

Initiative and Visions:Synergy between Development Strategies of China and the Arab States

The economic development of Arab states faces long-time impediments,including the paradox between security and development,de-industrialisation,and market fragmentation.Reflecting on the above-mentioned problems,the Arab states have put forward development strategies for themselves in the first two decades of the 21st century.There are different focuses in the three categories of these strategies,namely labour-intensive industrialisation and urbanisation plans adopted typically by Egypt,Morocco,and Tunisia,economic diversification plans adopted mainly by the Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC)countries,as well as post-conflict reconstruction and development plans of Iraq and Syria.This paper argues that,in terms of trade and investment,capacity relocation and technology transfer,as well as infrastructure construction and market integration,these development plans have considerable potential to be strategically synergized with China’s Belt and Road Initiative,and the various featured paths of synergy of development strategies(SDS)have emerged accordingly.To better implement the Sino-Arab SDS,both sides have created various major“interfaces,”including multilateral and bilateral governmental dialogue mechanisms,the participation of China’s state-owned enterprises in the landmark projects of Arab states,and the market-oriented cooperation between their private sectors.