Activity theory for understanding and managing system innovations

This study aims to show how activity theory in the socio-technical systems paradigm can assist in understanding and managing system innovation.We conceptualize sociotechnical systems to address societal needs as activity systems and system innovations as transformations of such systems.Transformations result from resolving contradictions that develop due to technical and social change within and between the activities carried out by various agencies to fulfll societal needs.Along this line,the explanation of system innovations focuses on identifying emerging contradictions,resolution initiatives,and their outcomes,whereas the governance of system innovations can be carried out by interactively developing policies through successive interventions to resolve contradictions.We demonstrate the employment of activity theory to understand the transformation of the recorded music socio-technical system towards streaming,as well as to facilitate the management of the transition of the olive oil-producing sector at the regional level towards a circular economy through the adoption of innovative waste-processing technology.

Research on the Appraisal System of County Innovation in New Countryside Construction

Aiming at the target of enhancing agricultural competitive power and maintaining the sustainable countryside development, ＂the three dimensional innovation＂, namely the system innovation, the organization innovation, and the service innovation, is the basic way to raise the efficiency of productive factors, optimize the organizational structure and enhance the farmers＇ own organizational ability, thus it becomes an important proposition in the fundamental research and practice of China new countryside construction. Through the reorganization and analyses of the domestic academic achievements, this article chose ＂the county innovation in China new countryside construction＂ as the first level index, and ＂the three dimensional innovation＂ as the second level index. Totally four levels of indices, namely the strategy level, the mechanism level, the carrier level and the comment level, were introduced to construct the county innovation appraisal system. The further adjustment and supplement of the indices and the choices of computational method must be completed through spot investigation and case study.

System innovation:the key to pension reform

Along with the accelerated advancement of population aging,China’s economic development has led Chinese residents’income to a moderate level.However,the unfair and unsustainable features of“dual standard of pension insurance”for both rural and urban cadre and employees have become so increasingly prominent that the time to change it has come.The top-level design of pension insurance should be taken shape on the basis of clarifying such concepts as old-age security,insurance,system,institution,and mechanism,and be carried out gradually in several steps at different levels.At the first level,basic pension insurance system should be reformed and created;at the second level,a new institution for pension insurance system should be reformed and created;at the third level,reform and improvements are made to compensate pension insurance system.Among these,the key is to establish a uniform pension insurance system for both urban and rural cadre and employees which is primarily dependent on individuals’payment and secondly by enterprises(units).Such institutional innovation requires initiatives from both government and market towards a market-oriented reform.

建立农业科技创新体系 提高农业科技创新能力

建设农业科技创新体系是当前农业科技体制改革的重要任务,也是农业科技工作长期发展的需要.对农业科技创新资源的分析表明,我国具有提高农业创新能力的多种潜力,当前应突出重点,建立农业科技创新体系,包括农业科研创新体系、农业科技人才创新体系、农业高新技术产业创新体系、农业知识传播和技术推广体系.

Block-Chain Will Lead to Innovation in Financial System

Because its data structure creates a digital transaction ledger,block-chain will build a more transparent and publicly verifiable system that will fundamentally change the way of our transaction activities,asset value,contract performance,and sharing data across industries.Since 2015,"blockchain"has become the hottest topic to the world’s major financial giants.This paper first introduces the principle and characteristics of block-chain technology.The block-chain technology based on encryption algorithms builds a global distributed secure network database that records and updates transaction information through decentralized chain connections and block chronological arrangement.Secondly,it focuses on the technological innovation of block-chain in financial systems.Block-chain technology solves the problems of decentralization,information security,and information disclosure in financial transactions.Thirdly,we put the emphasis on the block-chain technology application prospect in the field of finance.The block-chain technology will be used in digital currency,payment and clearing,smart contracts,as well as financial transactions.At last,we lead a warning that the application of blockchain technology could bring financial risks,which includes a technical problem,resource problem,and competition problem.Our conclusion is that block-chain will change the credit management mode of the traditional financial system.But due to the shortcomings of technical maturity,resources reserve,and the regulation of competition,the application value of block-chain in financial field will face risk.Therefore,monetary authorities should reserve talents and technologies of block-chain,and strengthen the basic research,practical application and standardization research of block-chain.According to the domestic and international situation,the authorities should issue legal digital currency,build internationally competitive Chinese block-chain products,and continuously explore effective regulatory model blockchain to secure a healthy and sustainable development of the chain block industry.

LSKF2-20C螺杆式制冷机组的技术改造

采用以PLC可编程控制器为核心,通过对AD模块、各种压力温度传感器、人机界面有机地组合,完成了对螺杆式制冷机组进行有序的控制和监控。改造后机组实现了远程控制,根据主装置所需冷量自动调节,取得了良好的效果。