Innovation provides opportunities to all countries,as advancement in technology and globalization of economic markets encourage global competition and increase the role of governments in gaining a strategic competitiv...Innovation provides opportunities to all countries,as advancement in technology and globalization of economic markets encourage global competition and increase the role of governments in gaining a strategic competitive advantage while boosting economic growth and productivity.According to the OECD,innovation can make a difference in addressing developmental challenges and providing catalyst for countries to accelerate business processes and practices that improve public service efficiency.The public sector plays a significant role in modern economies and innovation is a necessary condition for improving government services to the public and creating a competitive economy.Israel is known as the“start-up nation”,but innovation policies and strategies relating to the public sector are less developed than those of business innovation due to lack of innovation culture,digital divide,and bureaucracy.The research examines innovation in the public sector in Israel compared to other OECD countries.It is argued that despite the enormous influence of high-tech and start-ups on the economy and gross of national product,the flourishing technology sector has not contributed to other sectors of the economy and the performance of the public service lags behind the private sector in terms of innovation and efficiency.The research concludes that implementing Israel’s success in business innovation into the public sector requires long-run strategic investments and public policies to increase the supply and quality of human capital and infrastructure.The goal should be to narrow digital divide with other developed countries and advance the technological capabilities and productivity of the public service.展开更多
This paper presents two approaches for system-level simulation of force-balance accelerometers. The derivation of the system-level model is elaborated and simulation results are obtained from the implementation of tho...This paper presents two approaches for system-level simulation of force-balance accelerometers. The derivation of the system-level model is elaborated and simulation results are obtained from the implementation of those strategies on the fabricated silicon force-balance MEMS accelerometer. The mathematical model presented is implemented in VHDL- AMS and SIMULINK TM,respectively. The simulation results from the two approaches are compared and show a slight difference. Using VHDL-AMS is flexible,reusable,and more accurate. But there is not a mature solver developed for the language and this approach takes more time, while the simulation model can be easily built and quickly evaluated using SIMULINK.展开更多
Introduction: The use of foods containing high levels of sugar is increasing all the time. This is a risk factor for increased incidence of type 2 diabetes. There are few studies that have investigated the availabilit...Introduction: The use of foods containing high levels of sugar is increasing all the time. This is a risk factor for increased incidence of type 2 diabetes. There are few studies that have investigated the availability of low-sugar müsli products in grocery stores. Purpose: The study aims to identify which types of müsli contain high respectively low levels of sugar, and which brands are involved. Methods: The material consists of both qualitative interviews and observations from five grocery stores: City Gross, Hemköp, Ica Maxi, Stora Coop and Willy’s in Helsingborg, Sweden. The qualitative interviews had a semi-structured character and were recorded. The interviews took approx. 20 minutes and a textual analysis was conducted of the results. Data from observation was analyzed based on brand, nutritional composition and flavors, and also, where low sugar products were placed on store shelves. Results: The grocery stores provided together brands from AXA, Coop, Finax, Frebaco, Garant, ICA, Risenta, Saltå Kvarn och Urtekram, in total 24 müsli products. Of these products, 19 were high in sugar. The observation reveals that müsli products with high sugar content (17 - 29 g per 100 g müsli) are more prominently displayed than those with low sugar content. From the interviews with the store managers, it became clear that it would be valuable to highlight healthy müsli products on the shelves. However, central bureaucracy puts obstacles to such measures. Discussion: The study emphasizes the need for increased visibility of low-sugar products and proposes solutions such as negotiating with responsible person at the head office in Stockholm. Several reviews have shown that if the grocery store raises the prices of unhealthy food, the consumer is willing to purchase healthier müsli and other products. Conclusion: This study shows the need for grocery stores to upgrade healthy müsli products along with advertising to be able to influence customer’s shopping habits. Also, further research is needed how type 2 diabetes is affected by high intakes of food products with high sugar content.展开更多
In this paper we propose an equation model of system-level fault diagnoses, and construct corresponding theory and algorithms. People can turn any PMC model on ex-test into an equivalent equation (or a system of equat...In this paper we propose an equation model of system-level fault diagnoses, and construct corresponding theory and algorithms. People can turn any PMC model on ex-test into an equivalent equation (or a system of equations), and find all consistent fault patterns based on the equation model. We can also find all fault patterns, in which the fault node numbers are less than or equal to t without supposing t-diagnosable. It is not impossible for all graphic models.展开更多
In order to deal with the limitations during the register transfer level verification, a new functional verification method based on the random testing for the system-level of system-on-chip is proposed.The validity o...In order to deal with the limitations during the register transfer level verification, a new functional verification method based on the random testing for the system-level of system-on-chip is proposed.The validity of this method is proven theoretically.Specifically, testcases are generated according to many approaches of randomization.Moreover, the testbench for the system-level verification according to the proposed method is designed by using advanced modeling language.Therefore, under the circumstances that the testbench generates testcases quickly, the hardware/software co-simulation and co-verification can be implemented and the hardware/software partitioning planning can be evaluated easily.The comparison method is put to use in the evaluation approach of the testing validity.The evaluation result indicates that the efficiency of the partition testing is better than that of the random testing only when one or more subdomains are covered over with the area of errors, although the efficiency of the random testing is generally better than that of the partition testing.The experimental result indicates that this method has a good performance in the functional coverage and the cost of testing and can discover the functional errors as soon as possible.展开更多
With the development of EMC technology, EMC assessment has become increasingly important in EMC design. Although numerous EMC assessment models are available today, few of them can provide a tradeoff between efficienc...With the development of EMC technology, EMC assessment has become increasingly important in EMC design. Although numerous EMC assessment models are available today, few of them can provide a tradeoff between efficiency and accuracy for the specific case of military vehicular communication systems. Face to this situation, a modified four-level assessment model is proposed in the paper. First, the development of EMC assessment technology is briefly reviewed, and the theoretical mechanism of EMI environment is introduced. Then, the architecture of the proposed model is outlined, and the assessment methods are explored. To demonstrate the application of it, an example involving a communication system in a military vehicle is presented. From the physical layer to the signal layer, a hierarchical assessment on the entire system is successfully performed based on the proposed model, and we can make a qualitative EMC assessment on the EMC performance of the system. Based on a comparison with the traditional model, we conclude that the proposed model is more accurate, more efficient and less time-consuming, which is suitable for the EMC assessment on militaryvehicular communication systems. We hope that the proposed model will serve as a useful reference for system-level EMC assessments for other systems.展开更多
---Double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory （DDR3） has become one of the most mainstream applications in current server and computer systems. In order to quickly set up a system-level signal integri...---Double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory （DDR3） has become one of the most mainstream applications in current server and computer systems. In order to quickly set up a system-level signal integrity （SI） simulation flow for the DDR3 interface, two system-level SI simulation methodologies, which are board-level S-parameter extraction in the frequency-domain and system-level simulation assumptions in the time domain, are introduced in this paper. By comparing the flow of Speed2000 and PowerSI/Hspice, PowerSI is chosen for the printed circuit board （PCB） board-level S-parameter extraction, while Tektronix oscilloscope （TDS7404） is used for the DDR3 waveform measurement. The lab measurement shows good agreement between simulation and measurement. The study shows that the combination of PowerSI and Hspice is recommended for quick system-level DDR3 SI simulation.展开更多
Given the substantially increasing complexity of embedded systems, the use of relatively detailed clock cycle-accurate simulators for the design-space exploration is impractical in the early design stages. Raising the...Given the substantially increasing complexity of embedded systems, the use of relatively detailed clock cycle-accurate simulators for the design-space exploration is impractical in the early design stages. Raising the abstraction level is nowadays widely seen as a solution to bridge the gap between the increasing system complexity and the low design productivity. For this, several system-level design tools and methodologies have been introduced to efficiently explore the design space of heterogeneous signal processing systems. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness and the flexibility of the Sesame/Artemis system-level modeling and simulation methodology for efficient peformance evaluation and rapid architectural exploration of the increasing complexity heterogeneous embedded media systems. For this purpose, we have selected a system level design of a very high complexity media application;a H.264/AVC (Advanced Video Codec) video encoder. The encoding performances will be evaluated using system-level simulations targeting multiple heterogeneous multiprocessors platforms.展开更多
文摘Innovation provides opportunities to all countries,as advancement in technology and globalization of economic markets encourage global competition and increase the role of governments in gaining a strategic competitive advantage while boosting economic growth and productivity.According to the OECD,innovation can make a difference in addressing developmental challenges and providing catalyst for countries to accelerate business processes and practices that improve public service efficiency.The public sector plays a significant role in modern economies and innovation is a necessary condition for improving government services to the public and creating a competitive economy.Israel is known as the“start-up nation”,but innovation policies and strategies relating to the public sector are less developed than those of business innovation due to lack of innovation culture,digital divide,and bureaucracy.The research examines innovation in the public sector in Israel compared to other OECD countries.It is argued that despite the enormous influence of high-tech and start-ups on the economy and gross of national product,the flourishing technology sector has not contributed to other sectors of the economy and the performance of the public service lags behind the private sector in terms of innovation and efficiency.The research concludes that implementing Israel’s success in business innovation into the public sector requires long-run strategic investments and public policies to increase the supply and quality of human capital and infrastructure.The goal should be to narrow digital divide with other developed countries and advance the technological capabilities and productivity of the public service.
文摘This paper presents two approaches for system-level simulation of force-balance accelerometers. The derivation of the system-level model is elaborated and simulation results are obtained from the implementation of those strategies on the fabricated silicon force-balance MEMS accelerometer. The mathematical model presented is implemented in VHDL- AMS and SIMULINK TM,respectively. The simulation results from the two approaches are compared and show a slight difference. Using VHDL-AMS is flexible,reusable,and more accurate. But there is not a mature solver developed for the language and this approach takes more time, while the simulation model can be easily built and quickly evaluated using SIMULINK.
文摘Introduction: The use of foods containing high levels of sugar is increasing all the time. This is a risk factor for increased incidence of type 2 diabetes. There are few studies that have investigated the availability of low-sugar müsli products in grocery stores. Purpose: The study aims to identify which types of müsli contain high respectively low levels of sugar, and which brands are involved. Methods: The material consists of both qualitative interviews and observations from five grocery stores: City Gross, Hemköp, Ica Maxi, Stora Coop and Willy’s in Helsingborg, Sweden. The qualitative interviews had a semi-structured character and were recorded. The interviews took approx. 20 minutes and a textual analysis was conducted of the results. Data from observation was analyzed based on brand, nutritional composition and flavors, and also, where low sugar products were placed on store shelves. Results: The grocery stores provided together brands from AXA, Coop, Finax, Frebaco, Garant, ICA, Risenta, Saltå Kvarn och Urtekram, in total 24 müsli products. Of these products, 19 were high in sugar. The observation reveals that müsli products with high sugar content (17 - 29 g per 100 g müsli) are more prominently displayed than those with low sugar content. From the interviews with the store managers, it became clear that it would be valuable to highlight healthy müsli products on the shelves. However, central bureaucracy puts obstacles to such measures. Discussion: The study emphasizes the need for increased visibility of low-sugar products and proposes solutions such as negotiating with responsible person at the head office in Stockholm. Several reviews have shown that if the grocery store raises the prices of unhealthy food, the consumer is willing to purchase healthier müsli and other products. Conclusion: This study shows the need for grocery stores to upgrade healthy müsli products along with advertising to be able to influence customer’s shopping habits. Also, further research is needed how type 2 diabetes is affected by high intakes of food products with high sugar content.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China! (No.69973016).
文摘In this paper we propose an equation model of system-level fault diagnoses, and construct corresponding theory and algorithms. People can turn any PMC model on ex-test into an equivalent equation (or a system of equations), and find all consistent fault patterns based on the equation model. We can also find all fault patterns, in which the fault node numbers are less than or equal to t without supposing t-diagnosable. It is not impossible for all graphic models.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2002AA1Z1490)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20040486049)the University Cooperative Research Fund of Huawei Technology Co., Ltd
文摘In order to deal with the limitations during the register transfer level verification, a new functional verification method based on the random testing for the system-level of system-on-chip is proposed.The validity of this method is proven theoretically.Specifically, testcases are generated according to many approaches of randomization.Moreover, the testbench for the system-level verification according to the proposed method is designed by using advanced modeling language.Therefore, under the circumstances that the testbench generates testcases quickly, the hardware/software co-simulation and co-verification can be implemented and the hardware/software partitioning planning can be evaluated easily.The comparison method is put to use in the evaluation approach of the testing validity.The evaluation result indicates that the efficiency of the partition testing is better than that of the random testing only when one or more subdomains are covered over with the area of errors, although the efficiency of the random testing is generally better than that of the partition testing.The experimental result indicates that this method has a good performance in the functional coverage and the cost of testing and can discover the functional errors as soon as possible.
基金supported by the National Moon Exploration Program of China (No. TY3Q20110020)in part supported by the 13th Five-Year Community Technology Research Program of National Equipment Development Department of China (No.41409020301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50971094)
文摘With the development of EMC technology, EMC assessment has become increasingly important in EMC design. Although numerous EMC assessment models are available today, few of them can provide a tradeoff between efficiency and accuracy for the specific case of military vehicular communication systems. Face to this situation, a modified four-level assessment model is proposed in the paper. First, the development of EMC assessment technology is briefly reviewed, and the theoretical mechanism of EMI environment is introduced. Then, the architecture of the proposed model is outlined, and the assessment methods are explored. To demonstrate the application of it, an example involving a communication system in a military vehicle is presented. From the physical layer to the signal layer, a hierarchical assessment on the entire system is successfully performed based on the proposed model, and we can make a qualitative EMC assessment on the EMC performance of the system. Based on a comparison with the traditional model, we conclude that the proposed model is more accurate, more efficient and less time-consuming, which is suitable for the EMC assessment on militaryvehicular communication systems. We hope that the proposed model will serve as a useful reference for system-level EMC assessments for other systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61161001
文摘---Double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory （DDR3） has become one of the most mainstream applications in current server and computer systems. In order to quickly set up a system-level signal integrity （SI） simulation flow for the DDR3 interface, two system-level SI simulation methodologies, which are board-level S-parameter extraction in the frequency-domain and system-level simulation assumptions in the time domain, are introduced in this paper. By comparing the flow of Speed2000 and PowerSI/Hspice, PowerSI is chosen for the printed circuit board （PCB） board-level S-parameter extraction, while Tektronix oscilloscope （TDS7404） is used for the DDR3 waveform measurement. The lab measurement shows good agreement between simulation and measurement. The study shows that the combination of PowerSI and Hspice is recommended for quick system-level DDR3 SI simulation.
文摘Given the substantially increasing complexity of embedded systems, the use of relatively detailed clock cycle-accurate simulators for the design-space exploration is impractical in the early design stages. Raising the abstraction level is nowadays widely seen as a solution to bridge the gap between the increasing system complexity and the low design productivity. For this, several system-level design tools and methodologies have been introduced to efficiently explore the design space of heterogeneous signal processing systems. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness and the flexibility of the Sesame/Artemis system-level modeling and simulation methodology for efficient peformance evaluation and rapid architectural exploration of the increasing complexity heterogeneous embedded media systems. For this purpose, we have selected a system level design of a very high complexity media application;a H.264/AVC (Advanced Video Codec) video encoder. The encoding performances will be evaluated using system-level simulations targeting multiple heterogeneous multiprocessors platforms.
