Spleen-preserving splenic lymph node dissection in radical total gastrectomy

Radical gastrectomy has been recognized as the standard surgical treatment for advanced gastric cancer, and essentially applied in a wide variety of clinical settings. The thoroughness of lymph node dissection is an important prognostic factor for patients with advanced gastric cancer. Splenic lymph node dissection is required during D2 radical gastrectomy for upper stomach cancer. This is often accompanied by removal of the spleen in the past few decades. A growing number of investigators believe, however, that the spleen plays an important role as an immune organ, and thus they encourage the application of a spleen- preserving method for splenic hilum lymph node dissection.

Potential benefit of lymph node dissection during radical nephrectomy for kidney cancer:A review and critical analysis of current literature

Objective:The role of lymph node dissection(LND)is still controversial in patients with renal cell carcinoma undergoing surgery.We aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the literature about the effect of LND on survival,prognosis,surgical outcomes,as well as patient selection and available LND templates.Methods:Recent literature(from January 2011 to December 2021)was assessed through PubMed and MEDLINE databases.A narrative review of most relevant articles was provided.Results:The frequencies in which LNDs are being carried out are decreasing due to an increase in minimally invasive and nephron sparing surgery.Moreover,randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses failed to show any survival advantage of LND versus no LND.However,retrospective studies suggest a survival benefit of LND in high-risk patients(bulky tumors,T3-4 stage,and cN1 patients).Moreover,extended LND might provide important staging information,which could be of interest for adjuvant treatment planning.Conclusion:No level 1 evidence of any survival advantage deriving from LND is currently available in literature.Thus,the role of LND is limited to staging purposes.However,low grade evidence suggests a possible role of LND in high-risk patients.Randomized clinical trials are warranted to corroborate these findings.

Exploration and optimization of surgical techniques for laparoscopic transhiatal lower mediastinal lymph node dissection for adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction: A prospective IDEAL 2a study with qualitative design

Objective: To explore the change and feasibility of surgical techniques of laparoscopic transhiatal(TH)-lower mediastinal lymph node dissection(LMLND) for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction(AEG)according to Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, and Long-term follow-up(IDEAL) 2a standards.Methods: Patients diagnosed with AEG who underwent laparoscopic TH-LMLND were prospectively included from April 14, 2020, to March 26, 2021. Clinical and pathological information as well as surgical outcomes were quantitatively analyzed. Semistructured interviews with the surgeon after each operation were qualitatively analyzed.Results: Thirty-five patients were included. There were no cases of transition to open surgery, but three cases involved combination with transthoracic surgery. In qualitative analysis, 108 items under three main themes were detected: explosion, dissection, and reconstruction. Revised instruction was subsequently designed according to the change in surgical technique and the cognitive process behind it. Three patients had anastomotic leaks postoperatively, with one classified as Clavien-Dindo Ⅲa.Conclusions: The surgical technique of laparoscopic TH-LMLND is stable and feasible;further IDEAL 2b research is warranted.

Fifty-five cases of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis combined with lymph node metastasis:A retrospective study

BACKGROUND Lymph node metastasis is a specific type of metastasis in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(AE).Currently,there is a scarcity of describing the clinical characteristics and lymph node metastasis rules of patients with hepatic AE combined with lymph node metastasis and its mechanism and management are still controversial.Radical hepatectomy combined with regional lymph node dissection is a better treatment.AIM To analyse the clinical features of hepatic AE combined with lymph node metastasis to explore its treatment and efficacy.METHODS A total of 623 patients with hepatic AE admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from 1 January 2012 to 1 January 2022 were retrospectively analysed.Fifty-five patients with combined lymph node metastasis were analysed for their clinical data,diagnosis and treatment methods,follow-up efficacy,and characteristics of lymph node metastasis.Finally,we comparatively analysed the lymph node metastasis rates at different sites.Categorical variables are expressed as frequencies and percentages,and the analysis of difference was performed using theχ2 test.The Bonferroni method was used for pairwise comparisons when statistical differences existed between multiple categorical variables.RESULTS A lymph node metastasis rate of 8.8%(55/623)was reported in patients with hepatic AE,with a female predilection(69.1%)and a statistically significant sex difference(χ2=8.018,P=0.005).Of the 55 patients with lymph node metastasis,72.7%had a parasite lesion,neighbouring organ invasion,and metastasis stage of P3N1M0 and above,of which 67.3%,78.2%,and 34.5%of hepatic AE lesions invaded the bile ducts,blood vessels,and distant metastases,respectively.Detection rates of lymph node metastasis of 16.4%,21.7%,and 34.2%were reported for a preoperative abdominal ultrasound,magnetic resonance imaging,and computed tomography examinations.All patients were intraoperatively suspected with enlarged lymph nodes and underwent radical hepatectomy combined with regional lymph node dissection.After surgery,a routine pathological examination was conducted on the resected lymph nodes.A total of 106 positive lymph nodes were detected in six groups at various sites,including 51 single-group metastasis cases and four multi-group metastasis cases.When the metastasis rates at different sites were statistically analysed,we observed that the metastasis rate in the para-hepatoduodenal ligament lymph nodes was significantly higher than that of the other sites(χ^(2)=128.089,P=0.000<0.05).No statistical difference was observed in the metastasis rate between the five other groups.Clavien-Dindo grade IIIa complication occurred in 14 cases,which improved after administering symptomatic treatment.Additionally,lymph node dissection-related complications were not observed.Recurrence after 2 years was observed in one patient.CONCLUSION Lymph node metastasis is a rare form of metastasis in hepatic AE,which is more frequent in women.Parahepatoduodenal ligament lymph nodes are commonly observed.Radical hepatectomy combined with regional lymph node dissection is a safe,effective,and feasible treatment for liver AE combined with lymph node metastasis.

A CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF MEDIASTINAL LYMPH NODE METASTASIS OF LUNG CANCER

Objective: To investigate pathologically the characteristics of lung cancer metastasis by mediastinal lymph node ways (N2). Methods: Of 398 lung cancer patients who underwent radical pulmonectomy and extensive lymph node dissection, 160 patients were diagnosed as with N2 metastasis, their 352 groups of mediastinal lymph nodes invaded were subject to the pathological study. Results: Evidences showed that the N2 metastasis of lung cancer was very active. It appears as single group or multi-group or jumping-form metastasis, rating 41.2%, 58.8% and 29.3% respectively. In addition, the extension of N2 metastasis was large, the most concentrated site was the 7th group lymph node (48.8%), then the 4th, 3rd and 5th group, rating 45.6%, 31.3% and 25.6% respectively. The occurrence of N2 metastasis was highly correlated with the site, size, histopathological type and the grade of differentiation of the cancer. An another feature of N2 metastasis was the invasion of metastasized lymph node into the bronchial wall, especially in adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: In order to achieve the radical removal of tumor, it is necessary to dissect the lymph nodes of the hilar and upper and lower mediastinum at the homolateral thoracic cavity actively and completely; beside, attention may be paid to the bronchial wall invasion caused by the lymph nodes metastasized.

Clinical value of regional lymph node sorting in gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Increasing evidence have shown that regional lymph node metastasis is a critical prognostic factor in gastric cancer(GC).In addition,lymph node dissection is a key factor in determining the appropriate treatment for GC.However,the association between the number of positive lymph nodes and area of lymph node metastasis in GC remains unclear.AIM To investigate the clinical value of regional lymph node sorting after radical gastrectomy for GC.METHODS This study included 661 patients with GC who underwent radical gastrectomy at Tianjin Medical University General Hospital between January 2012 and June 2020.The patients were divided into regional sorting and non-sorting groups.Clinicopathological data were collected and retrospectively reviewed to determine the differences in the total number of lymph nodes and number of positive lymph nodes between the groups.Independent sample t-tests were used for intergroup comparisons.Continuous variables that did not conform to a normal distribution were expressed as median(interquartile range),and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for inter-group comparisons.RESULTS There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the surgical method,tumor site,immersion depth,and degree of differentiation.The total number of lymph nodes was significantly higher in the regional sorting group(n=324)than in the non-sorting group(n=337)(32.5 vs 21.2,P<0.001).There was no significant difference in the number of positive lymph nodes between the two groups.A total of 212 patients with GC had lymph node metastasis in the lymph node regional sorting group,including 89(41.98%)cases in the first dissection station and 123(58.02%)cases in the second dissection station.Binary and multivariate logistic regression results showed that the number of positive lymph nodes(P<0.001)was an independent risk factor for lymph node metastases at the second dissection station.CONCLUSION Regional sorting of lymph nodes after radical gastrectomy may increase the number of detected lymph nodes,thereby improving the reliability and accuracy of lymph node staging in clinical practice.

New classification system for radical rectal cancer surgery based on membrane anatomy

BACKGROUND Total mesorectal excision along the“holy plane”is the only radical surgery for rectal cancer,regardless of tumor size,localization or even tumor stage.However,according to the concept of membrane anatomy,multiple fascial spaces around the rectum could be used as the surgical plane to achieve radical resection.AIM To propose a new membrane anatomical and staging-oriented classification system for tailoring the radicality during rectal cancer surgery.METHODS A three-dimensional template of the member anatomy of the pelvis was established,and the existing anatomical nomenclatures were clarified by cadaveric dissection study and laparoscopic surgical observation.Then,we suggested a new and simple classification system for rectal cancer surgery.For simplification,the classification was based only on the lateral extent of resection.RESULTS The fascia propria of the rectum,urogenital fascia,vesicohypogastric fascia and parietal fascia lie side by side around the rectum and form three spaces(medial,middle and lateral),and blood vessels and nerves are precisely positioned in the fascia or space.Three types of radical surgery for rectal cancer are described,as are a few subtypes that consider nerve preservation.The surgical planes of the proposed radical surgeries(types A,B and C)correspond exactly to the medial,middle,and lateral spaces,respectively.CONCLUSION Three types of radical surgery can be precisely defined based on membrane anatomy,including nerve-sparing procedures.Our classification system may offer an optimal tool for tailoring rectal cancer surgery.

高危前列腺癌患者行机器人辅助腹腔镜盆腔淋巴结清扫——清扫现状及淋巴清扫意义再认识

目的:探讨机器人辅助腹腔镜下扩大盆腔淋巴结清扫对高危前列腺癌患者的临床意义,并分析清扫现状及淋巴清扫意义。方法:纳入2020年4月至2023年1月29例高危前列腺癌患者,均行机器人辅助腹腔镜下根治性前列腺切除术及扩大盆腔淋巴结清扫,收集患者一般资料,分析淋巴结清扫情况及术后并发症发生情况,并回顾相关文献探讨淋巴清扫的意义。结果:29例高危前列腺癌患者,年龄(69.3±6.6)岁,术前PSA 8.43~434μg/L,术前Gleason评分6分1例,7分9例,≥8分19例;扩大盆腔淋巴结清扫手术时间(97.2±15.7)min,出血量(30.5±11.2)ml。清扫淋巴结数目3~42枚,中位数为13枚,其中≤10枚10例,11~19枚12例,≥20枚7例;盆腔淋巴结阳性13例,阳性率44.8%;阳性淋巴结中位数4枚。切缘阳性患者11例,占37.9%;淋巴血管浸润(LVI)4例(13.8%),神经浸润(PNI)4例(13.8%)。切缘阳性与淋巴转移存在显著相关性(P<0.05),LVI、PNI情况及年龄分布与淋巴结转移情况未见显著性相关性(P>0.05)。术中未发生重要血管及神经损伤等情况。术后Gleason评分6分1例,7分7例,≥8分21例。结论:机器人辅助腹腔镜下扩大盆腔淋巴结清扫是治疗高危前列腺癌的重要方式,有助于对前列腺癌患者进行准确病理分期,但是否能使高危前列腺癌患者生存获益,目前尚缺乏证据,仍需进一步随访明确其治疗效果。

腹腔镜经腹入路与胸腹腔镜联合入路治疗食管胃连接部腺癌预后效果的对照研究

目的比较腹腔镜经腹入路与胸腹腔镜联合入路治疗食管胃连接部腺癌(AEG)的预后效果。方法选择2021年12月-2023年12月该院行AEG切除术,并行淋巴结清扫的患者110例。根据手术方式,将患者分为腹腔镜组(n=62)和胸腹腔镜联合组(n=48)。采用倾向评分匹配(PSM)平衡组间差异,减少潜在混杂因素后,比较两组患者的一般资料、围手术期指标、营养状态指标、术后并发症和术后生存情况;采用广义估计方程(GEE),构建两组患者治疗前后的营养状态相关指标模型;采用Cox比例风险模型,分析治疗方式对AEG患者预后的影响。结果PSM前,两组患者性别、年龄、体重指数(BMI)、TNM分期、肿瘤最大直径和食管侵犯长度比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PSM后,两组患者一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);胸腹腔镜联合组手术时间、术后卧床时间、术后住院时间明显长于腹腔镜组(P<0.05),术中出血量明显多于腹腔镜组(P<0.05),术后24 h视觉模拟评分法(VAS)明显高于腹腔镜组(P<0.05),淋巴结清扫数量、阳性淋巴结数量、纵隔淋巴结清扫数量和腹腔淋巴结清扫数量明显多于腹腔镜组(P<0.05),血红蛋白(Hb)、白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PAB)、转铁蛋白(TRF)和体重(W)术前术后差值明显大于腹腔镜组(P<0.05),两组患者术后并发症总发生率和1年生存率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);GEE分析结果显示,腹腔镜治疗对Hb和TRF指标影响更大,胸腹腔镜联合治疗对ALB、PAB和W指标影响更大;腹腔镜治疗方式是AEG患者预后良好的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜治疗在手术时间、术后卧床时间、术后住院时间、术中出血量、24 h VAS和术后营养方面占优势;胸腹腔镜联合治疗在淋巴结清扫数量、阳性淋巴结数量,纵隔淋巴结清扫数量和腹腔淋巴结清扫数量方面占优势。综合考虑,腹腔镜治疗的短期预后更好。

AJCC分期、术前PNI及不同淋巴结清扫方式与接受根治术治疗的ICC患者预后结局的关系

目的探讨第8版美国癌症联合委员会(AJCC)分期、术前预后营养指数(PNI)及不同淋巴结清扫方式与接受根治术治疗的肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)患者预后结局的关系。方法选取本院2019年1月—2021年1月收治的105例ICC患者进行回顾性分析与病例对照研究相结合的方式进行研究,所有患者均接受肿瘤根治术治疗,其中59例患者术中采用整块融合清扫方式清扫淋巴结(A组)、另外46例患者术中采用传统常规的淋巴结清扫方式(B组),对两组患者随访1年观察生存率及生存时间进行比较;统计不同预后结局患者的AJCC分期、PNI及一般临床病理学参数,采用Logistic回归模型分析影响患者预后结局的关键因素。结果A组患者18个月随访后生存率为84.75%,B组为67.39%,A组显著高于B组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组患者的生存时间长于B组患者,差异具有统计学意义(Log Rank(Mantel-Cox)=4.994,P=0.025)。死亡组患者T分期中≥T2期、N分期中N1分期、TNM分期中≥Ⅱ期、PNI指标<45.0的患者占比均显著高于生存组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归模型结果显示,TBIL≥20.0μmol/L、肿瘤数目多发、发生血管侵犯、手术中输血、N1分期、TNM分期≥Ⅱ期、PNI指标<45.0、常规淋巴结清扫方式是ICC患者不良预后结局的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论根据ICC患者的AJCC分期、术前PNI水平可以初步评估患者根治术后的预后结局,根治术中采取整块融合清扫方式清扫淋巴结有利于延长患者的生存时间。

腹腔镜胃癌根治术中左侧入路法与托出式胰后入路法治疗进展期近端胃癌的疗效

目的研究腹腔镜胃癌根治术中左侧入路法与托出式胰后入路法在治疗进展期近端胃癌中的疗效。方法回顾性分析106例行腹腔镜胃癌根治术的进展期近端胃癌患者临床资料,根据患者手术入路方式,将其分为左侧入路组(n=46)与托出式胰后入路组(n=60),比较2组围术期相关指标,随访1年,绘制生存曲线,比较2组术后生存情况。结果托出式胰后入路组患者手术时间短于左侧入路组,术中出血量少于左侧入路组,淋巴结清扫个数多于左侧入路组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组切口长度、引流管拔除时间、营养管时间、术后肛门首次排气时间、开始流质饮食时间、术后首次下床活动时间以及术后住院时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组术后并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。托出胰后入路组与左侧入路组患者术后1年生存时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与腹腔镜下左侧入路相比,托出式胰后入路手术操作更为简单,能有效缩短手术时间,控制术中出血量,但2种术式对进展期近端胃癌患者近期疗效及远期生存情况的影响相似。

无充气腋窝入路和颈前开放入路甲状腺癌根治术对甲状旁腺功能及中央区淋巴结清扫水平的影响

目的:比较无充气腋窝入路和颈前开放入路甲状腺癌根治术对甲状旁腺功能及中央区淋巴结清扫水平的影响。方法:回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年6月我院收治的80例甲状腺乳头状癌患者的临床资料,其中40例行颈前开放入路甲状腺癌根治术(开放组),40例行无充气腋窝入路甲状腺癌根治术(腋窝组),对比两组术前和术后血清全段甲状旁腺激素(siPTH)水平、血清钙水平及中央区淋巴结清扫个数。结果:两组术前siPTH和血清钙水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组术后siPTH水平虽有降低,但均在正常范围,两组术后血清钙均值也在正常范围,两组术后siPTH及血清钙水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。开放组中央区淋巴结清扫数量多于腋窝组(P<0.05)。结论:两种入路甲状腺癌根治术对甲状旁腺功能的影响无明显差异,但传统颈前开放入路术式较无充气腋窝入路术式对清扫中央区淋巴结更有利。

根治性子宫切除术结合盆腔淋巴结清扫术对宫颈癌患者血清CA-199、CA125、SCC-Ag水平的影响

目的 探讨根治性子宫切除术结合盆腔淋巴结清扫术应用于宫颈癌患者的效果及对患者血清肿瘤标志物糖类抗原199(CA199)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原(SCC-Ag)水平的影响。方法 选取2018年1月至2023年6月期间于芜湖市第二人民医院接受手术治疗的118例宫颈癌患者资料,根据手术方式不同分为传统开腹组(42例,接受传统开腹根治性子宫切除术)和微创组(76例,接受腹腔镜下根治性子宫切除术联合盆腔淋巴结清扫术),比较两组手术效果及患者血清肿瘤标志物水平差异。结果 微创组手术时间较开腹组更长,术中出血量较开腹组少,住院时间、胃肠道恢复时间短于开腹组,差异均有统计学意义(t=6.881、12.348、21.622、11.780,P<0.05);与术前比较,术后两组血清CA-199、CA125、SCC-Ag水平均下降:术前>术后2周>术后1月,微创组术后各时间点上述指标水平均低于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(F=237.516、8.733、6.182、251.616、12.520、7.069、250.512、14.554、4.663,P<0.05);微创组术后并发症总发生率低于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.116,P<0.05)。结论 腹腔镜下根治性子宫切除术结合盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗宫颈癌,可以优化手术效果,促进术后康复,提高安全性,改善预后。

早期胃癌淋巴结转移相关因素分析及腹腔镜D2根治术与内镜黏膜下剥离术临床疗效的回顾性队列研究

目的 探究早期胃癌淋巴结转移的相关因素,分析腹腔镜D2根治术与内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection, ESD)的临床疗效差异。方法 采用回顾性队列研究方法,选择2018年6月至2022年6月于我院进行手术治疗的404例早期胃癌患者作为研究对象,根据手术方法的不同将患者分为腹腔镜组(271例)和ESD组(133例)。比较不同临床特征患者的淋巴结转移情况,多因素Logistic回归分析影响早期胃癌患者淋巴结转移的因素;统计符合ESD绝对适应证和扩大适应证患者的淋巴结转移率;Kaplan-Meier法比较早期胃癌患者ESD与腹腔镜D2根治术的远期疗效;采用分层回归分析探索早期胃癌患者手术方式与远期疗效间的关系。结果 404例早期胃癌患者中,淋巴结转移率为12.38%(50/404)。单因素分析结果显示,合并溃疡、肿瘤病理类型、病理分化程度等7个临床特征与淋巴结转移有关;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,肿瘤分化程度为低分化、肿瘤浸润深度为SM是影响早期胃癌淋巴结转移的相关因素;404例患者总体生存率为96.29%(389/404),腹腔镜组生存率(96.31%)与ESD组生存率(96.24%)差异无统计学意义;符合ESD绝对适应证而行腹腔镜D2根治术与ESD治疗的5年生存率分别为96.00%和96.55%,差异无统计学意义;符合ESD扩大适应证而行腹腔镜D2根治术与ESD治疗的5年生存率分别为94.74%和91.67%,差异无统计学意义。经分层回归分析调整病变大小、病理分化程度、肿瘤浸润深度等临床特征后,早期胃癌患者手术方式与远期疗效依然相关(β=1.173,P=0.003)。结论 肿瘤浸润深度、分化程度与早期胃癌患者淋巴结转移密切相关。符合ESD绝对适应证和扩大适应证患者行腹腔镜D2根治术与ESD治疗的效果相当。

前哨淋巴结活检与腋窝淋巴结清扫在早期乳腺癌根治术中的应用效果及对术后上肢功能恢复、肿瘤标志物的影响

目的探讨前哨淋巴结活检与腋窝淋巴结清扫在早期乳腺癌根治术中的应用效果及对术后上肢功能恢复、肿瘤标志物的影响。方法选取2020年1月至2023年1月收治的60例早期乳腺癌根治术患者,以随机数字表法将其分为对照组(30例,腋窝淋巴结清扫)和观察组(30例,前哨淋巴结活检)。比较两组的治疗效果。结果术后6个月,观察组的上臂周径小于对照组,肩关节活动度、肩关节功能评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。术后6个月,两组的癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原153(CA153)、组织多肽抗原(TPA)水平低于术前(P<0.05)。观察组的并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后6个月,观察组的CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)高于对照组,CD8^(+)低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论前哨淋巴结活检与腋窝淋巴结清扫对早期乳腺癌根治术患者血清肿瘤标志物的影响相近,不过前哨淋巴结活检有助于促进患者术后上肢功能恢复,降低并发症发生率,改善免疫功能。

腹腔镜结肠癌根治术治疗结肠癌的疗效及对胃肠道功能的影响分析

目的探讨在结肠癌的治疗中采用腹腔镜手术的临床效果及对患者胃肠道功能的影响。方法选取58例结肠癌患者,采用随机数字表法分成对照组和研究组,每组29例。对照组采用传统开放手术治疗,研究组采用腹腔镜结肠癌根治术治疗。对比两组围手术期相关指标、淋巴结清扫数量、血清炎性指标、血清应激指标及并发症发生率。结果研究组术中出血量(87.63±6.24)ml、术后引流量(24.32±2.05)ml较对照组的(122.25±9.52)、(30.23±2.63)ml少,手术时间(136.15±7.16)min、术后排气时间(3.14±0.26)d、肠鸣音恢复时间(2.34±0.43)d、恢复饮食时间(68.74±4.23)h、住院时间(10.42±1.16)d均较对照组的(141.05±8.75)min、(4.25±0.55)d、(3.58±0.75)d、(87.36±5.52)h、(15.27±1.44)d短(P<0.05)。两组肿瘤分期Ⅰ、Ⅱ期淋巴结清扫数量无显著差异(P>0.05);研究组肿瘤分期Ⅲ期淋巴结清扫数量、阳性淋巴结清扫数量、左半结肠淋巴结清扫数量、右半结肠淋巴结清扫数量分别为(25.11±2.02)、(21.06±2.14)、(18.87±1.42)、(24.23±2.14)个,均多于对照组的(17.58±1.36)、(12.25±1.23)、(16.25±1.26)、(18.54±1.52)个(P<0.05)。术后,对照组白细胞介素-6(IL-6)为(28.85±2.12)pg/ml,C反应蛋白(CRP)为(12.36±1.42)mg/L;研究组IL-6为(17.96±1.63)pg/ml,CRP为(8.64±1.15)mg/L,研究组IL-6、CRP较对照组低(P<0.05)。术后,对照组肾上腺素为(99.87±7.58)pg/ml,去甲肾上腺素为(176.52±9.36)pg/ml,皮质醇为(24.63±2.14)pg/ml;研究组肾上腺素为(64.25±4.31)pg/ml,去甲肾上腺素为(87.56±5.15)pg/ml,皮质醇为(13.54±1.63)pg/ml,两组较术前均有所升高,而研究组肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、皮质醇均较对照组低(P<0.05)。研究组并发症发生率(6.90%)较对照组(31.03%)低(P<0.05)。结论在结肠癌治疗中采用腹腔镜结肠癌根治术治疗可提高淋巴结清扫数量,缩短术后胃肠功能的恢复时间,改善血清炎性指标水平,减少应激反应,术后并发症发生率较低,有利于术后机体的康复,建议临床广泛应用。

四步法保留左结肠动脉用于腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术的效果

目的分析四步法保留左结肠动脉(LCA)用于腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术的效果。方法选择2020年5月至2022年5月在上海交通大学医学院苏州九龙医院进行治疗的102例择期行腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术的患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,各51例。观察组采用“四步法”在保留LCA基础上进行手术,对照组在不保留LCA的基础上进行手术。比较两组手术和淋巴结清扫情况、手术前后肿瘤标志物、并发症发生情况,以及1年随访情况。结果两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、住院时间、淋巴结清扫总数、NO.253淋巴结清扫数目比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后两组肿瘤标志物水平较术前降低(P<0.05),两组肿瘤标志物水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术后1年癌细胞转移发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论将四步法保留LCA用于腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术患者对其手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清除率,以及肿瘤标志物水平无明显影响,但保留LCA可降低并发症发生风险。

吲哚菁绿荧光显像在腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术淋巴结精准清扫中的应用

目的 探讨吲哚菁绿(ICG)荧光显像下行腹腔镜淋巴结精准清扫的疗效、安全性及可行性。方法 纳入2018年3月—2022年6月就诊于沧州市人民医院泌尿外科的30例肌层浸润性膀胱癌(T2/T3NxM0)患者,所有患者均先行ICG荧光显像引导下腹腔镜淋巴结精准清扫术,然后按标准淋巴结清扫范围清扫剩余淋巴结组织,自身对照分析两种淋巴结清扫方式的淋巴结阳性率。结果 自身对照分析ICG荧光显像引导下淋巴结精准清扫的手术时间较标准清扫短[(21.80±6.80)min vs.(47.70±10.73)min],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两种清扫方式的淋巴结平均阳性率比较差异无统计学意义[(11.34±9.06)%vs.(12.36±9.43)%,P>0.05],但前者淋巴结清扫时血管、神经损伤及输血情况发生率较后者低。结论 ICG荧光显像引导下腹腔镜淋巴结精准清扫术与标准淋巴结清扫术疗效相当,可减少无效淋巴结清扫、缩短手术时间、降低并发症风险。

腹腔镜胃癌根治术联合托出式脾门入路淋巴结清扫治疗胃癌的效果观察

目的研究腹腔镜胃癌根治术(LTG)与托出式脾门入路淋巴结清扫(TLND)联合治疗胃癌的效果。方法以前瞻性分析为法,选取2019年1至12月江苏省肿瘤医院收治入院的80例胃癌患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为两组:观察组(n=43)与对照组(n=37)。对照组实施开腹手术联合托出式脾门TLND,观察组实施LTG与托出式脾门TLND。比较两组手术近期疗效(手术时间、术中出血量、总淋巴结清扫数量、脾门淋巴结检出数量、腹部切口长度、首次流质食物摄入时间以及术后住院时间)、生活质量、肿瘤学指标[癌胚抗原、甲胎蛋白、糖类抗原(CA)199、CA724]、术后并发症、远期疗效。结果观察组的手术时间为(243.16±47.51)min,长于对照组[(193.42±39.85)min],术中出血量为(114.78±60.84)mL,少于对照组[(201.46±70.49)mL],腹部切口长度、首次流质食物摄入时间以及术后住院时间分别为(6.33±1.15)cm、(5.19±2.31)d、(11.92±2.15)d,均短于对照组[(17.52±4.85)cm、(7.45±2.62)d、(14.99±3.49)d],总淋巴结清扫数量、脾门淋巴结检出数量分别为(25.75±4.31)、(5.23±1.43)枚,均高于对照组[(22.23±3.44)、(3.41±1.62)枚],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术后1个月,两组患者生活质量评分中主观症状、社会活动功能、生理功能、心理情绪以及生存质量指数(GLQI)总分均下降,且观察组分别为(60.41±4.75)、(10.65±1.64)、(17.51±3.21)、(12.31±1.02)、(103.39±4.19)分,均明显低于对照组[(66.98±5.13)、(12.28±1.56)、(19.19±3.35)、(13.88±1.34)、(113.27±4.98)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术后1个月,两组患者血清癌胚抗原、甲胎蛋白、CA199、CA724水平均较手术前降低,且观察组血清癌胚抗原、甲胎蛋白、CA199、CA724水平分别为(10.87±2.33)μg/L、(10.42±5.41)ng/mL、(40.16±7.42)U/L、(6.31±1.03)U/mL,均明显低于对照组[(15.78±2.84)μg/L、(16.49±4.87)ng/mL、(60.46±10.48)U/L、(8.42±1.09)U/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症总发生率为4.65%,低于对照组(24.32%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组3年总生存率以及无病生存率分别为93.02%、69.77%,均高于对照组(72.97%、45.95%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胃癌患者开展LTG与托出式脾门TLND联合治疗效果显著,对于术后康复与生活质量而言有明显改善作用,降低术后并发症,减轻血清内肿瘤因子水平,且3年的总生存率、无瘤生存率较高。

胸腔镜肺叶切除联合纵隔淋巴结清扫治疗ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌的疗效

目的探讨胸腔镜肺叶切除(VATS)联合纵隔淋巴结清扫(MLND)治疗ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效,以期为NSCLC的临床治疗提供参考。方法回顾性分析空军军医大学第二附属医院2017年6月-2021年12月收治的ⅢA期NSCLC患者的临床资料,采用整群随机抽样法从开胸肺叶切除联合MLND治疗患者中选取57例纳入对照组,从VATS联合MLND治疗患者中选取63例纳入观察组。比较2组患者治疗前及治疗后6个月的血清肿瘤标志物水平、肺功能指标,近期实体瘤疗效,随访2年生存情况以及治疗后6个月内的并发症发生情况。结果观察组患者手术时间长于对照组,淋巴结清扫数目多于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者引流时间、住院时间短于对照组,术中出血量小于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组患者癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原50(CA50)、细胞角质蛋白19片段抗原21-1(CYFRA21-1)及鳞癌相关抗原(SCC)水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后6个月,2组患者血清CEA、CA50、CYFRA21-1及SCC水平均低于治疗前,且观察组均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组患者血清最大通气量(MVV)、用力肺活量(FVC)及第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后6个月,2组患者MVV、FVC及FEV1水平均低于治疗前,但观察组均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后6个月,2组患者疾病控制率(DCR)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者客观缓解率(ORR)高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同TNM分期患者的DCR和ORR组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组患者随访2年生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.409,P=0.121);观察组患者无进展生存期(PFS)大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.842,P=0.005);2组患者总生存时间(OS)比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.308,P=0.758)。观察组患者治疗后6个月内的并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针对ⅢA期NSCLC患者,采用VATS联合MLND治疗的近、远期疗效理想,有助于恢复患者肺部功能,且并发症发生风险可控,这为临床治疗提供多种可替代选择,建议临床根据患者实际情况,在医患充分沟通后选择最佳治疗方案。