The Comparative Study of Metaphors -- From Cognitive and Systemic-Functional Perspectives

Metaphors have different expressions in cognitive and systematic-functional linguistics, which are conceptual metaphors and ideational metaphors. Conceptual metaphors belong to traditional vocabulary metaphors, and ideational grammatical metaphors are pointed out by Halliday--the main representative of systemic-functional theory. This paper elaborates on the specific grammatical feature of EST （English for Science and Technology） text--＂nominalization of processes＂ to reveal the source of ideational metaphors. From the analysis of some examples, it is found that nominalization as a grammatical metaphor expresses the transference between process types, so it reveals the essence of ideational grammatical metaphors. Meanwhile, the comparison made between grammatical metaphors and vocabulary metaphors reflects the similarities between conceptual metaphors and ideational metaphors. In this way, this paper comes to the conclusion that the combination of the study methods of metaphors from both cognitive and systemic-functional perspectives is the best way to uncover the basic characteristic of human thinking.

Systemic-Functional Grammar and English Extensive Reading

Systemic Functional Linguistics is known to people by its special functionalism and social meaning. The study of Systemic Functional Linguistics is also accepted by more and more people. In addition, it means a lot to the learning of lexis, English writing and extensive reading.

The Application of Systemic-Functional Linguistics in Discourse Analysis

Systemic-functional linguistics considers function and semantics as the basis of human language and communicative activity. In recent years, Systemic-functional linguistics has been applied in such areas as natural language processing, early language learning, language education, stylistics, foreign language teaching, translation and stylistics. It sheds new light on the further application of this linguistic theory in other fields.

Application of Systemic-Functional Grammar in Reading Teaching

Based on M.A.K.Halliday's systemic-functional grammar,the paper puts forward some ideas on how to develop reading skills,analyzing how the ideational,interpersonal and textual functions are reflected and their interrelationship in reading materials,with an attempt to improve the reading ability.

Systemic-Functional Linguistics and Foreign Language Teaching

Systemic-functional linguistics is one of the most influential linguistics schools in the recent 20 years.Though M.A.K.Halliday,the founder of Systemic-functional Linguistics,has not taken up any language teaching research by himself,he has been putting great emphasis on language teaching and language learning.With the increasing influence of Systemic-functional Linguistics,more and more applied linguists and foreign language teachers are trying to use his theories to solve the problems in language teaching and learning,and have achieved a lot.

Cohesion Analysis inThe Water Babies --Based on Systemic-Functional Grammar

Under the guidance of Systemic-Functional Grammar(SFG),cohesion is applied to analyze the selected context.Cohesion plays a great role in organizing a whole context and it can be further divided into grammatical cohesion and lexical cohesion.Main ideas of cohesion are illustrated and made it for application,which employs British children's literature-The Water Babies as the object.The research method adopted here is mainly quantitative.Through analyzing selected sections,it is obvious that cohesion helps readers understand the contexts better.Besides,the use of cohesion makes the context more precise and compact.For context,the role of cohesion is irreplaceable.

A Review of the Development of Systemic-Functional Grammar

50 years has seen Systemic-Functional Grammar(SFG)growing into its prosperity. With the efforts of Halliday and many other linguists, SFG has developed from Scale and Category Grammar to Systemic Grammar and then to Functional Grammar. The development of this general linguistic theory's features and framework is the main focus of this study. SFG views language as a social semiotic resource people use to express meanings in context.

ANALYSIS OF SYSTEMIC-FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTICS ON CAT IN THE RAIN

This paper attempts to demonstrate how certain theories of Halliday's SFL can analyze the implicit subject of the short story Cat in the Rain written by Ernest Hemingway. The paper will explore in two areas of the tenor of interpersonal function and transitivity of experiential meta-function. The purpose of the paper tries to verify unconcerned relationship among people in it and the writer's writing style-iceberg rule and the operative theory of SFL on the analysis of literary text.

A Comparative Study of Obama's Closing Statements in the 2012 US Presidential Debates: Lessons Learned from a Systemic-Functional Analysis

In this paper, we present a comparative study of Obama's closing statements in the presidential debates, in particular, the first and third debates with Mitt Romney in 2012. Obama was considered to have done poorly in the first debate, but very well in the third debate. A systemic-functional analysis of Obama's closing statements in these two debates reveals the lexicogrammatical and rhetorical choices which contribute to the functional and aesthetic value of Obama's debate performance.

From Theoretical Grammar to Grammatical Competence:An Empirical Study

In China,English teachers usually take a three-step approach to grammar teaching,namely,the presentation—practice—production principle(3P Principle).This method consists of both“morphology”and“syntax.”It adopts the traditional mode of grammar teaching,including knowledge presentation,grammar exercises,and grammatical competence production,which will inevitably lead to time consumption and low efficiency in grammar learning.This study is about cultivating English majors'grammatical competence through the theoretical mode of grammar teaching.The research results show that the theoretical mode of grammar teaching helps cultivate learners'grammatical competence.

The Application of Systemic Functional Grammar to the Analysis of Features of American Spokesman’s Language

The spokesman's language is official,flexible and public-oriented,to study how it makes sense through varied linguis-tic function is of great importance.Under the framework of systemic-functional grammar,this thesis focuses on the linguistic fea-tures of American spokesman's language from perspectives of ideational,interpersonal and textual functions.This thesis includes three parts.Part One introduces background and layout of the study.Part Two is a analysis of America spokesperson's language by SF grammar.Part Three ends with the conclusion.

A Contrastive Analysis of Interpersonal Function of Public Service Advertising in English and Chinese

This paper adopts Halliday’s systemic functional grammar as the theoretical framework to make a contrastive analysis of the interpersonal meaning of Environmental Protection Public Service Advertising from the perspective of mood and modality.It is found that there are both similarities and differences in the realization of interpersonal meaning in the discourse of both English and Chinese environmental protection public service advertising.In terms of mood,both tend to use declarative,imperative,interrogative mood,among which the declarative mood is the most frequently used,while the imperative mood is the second.In the aspect of modality,the use of modal words in English environmental protection advertising language is more abundant,and it is customary to use modal words with low emotional value to realize interpersonal meaning,while Chinese advertisements prefer more modality words with high emotional value.

Constructing a Harmonious World——Linguistic Studies on the Analects of Confucius

Following Halliday’s view that "if a text is to be described at all,then it should be described properly;and this means by the theories and methods developed in linguistics"(Halliday,2002),we use the theoretical framework and methods developed in Systemic-Functional linguistics to explore "the socio-historical and ideological environment" for the "engendering" (ibid.) of the Analects,the particular contextual features of this great work,the hierarchical structure of Confucius’ main teachings,and also the ways of realizing his ideas in this book by the lexico-grammatical choices.We also discuss the implication and relevance of Confucianism to China and the present world.

A Comparative Study of the Translated Versions of Song You Renby Ezra Pound and Qiu Kean—From the Perspective of Functional Grammar

As one genre of literature,poetry is the elite in both Chinese language and its culture. With its unique characteristics of metrical and form regulations and the beauty of its simplicity and conciseness,Chinese Tang poetry is one of the brightest pearls in the world literature treasury.Translating as a purposeful activity was originated from the functionalist approaches to translation.From the perspective of functional grammar,this thesis attempts to study two translation versions of Song You Ren written by Li Bai. More emphasis has been put on the similarities and differentiations of the textual analysis. Through the analysis and compari son between the two translation versions,it is found that functional grammar is not only helpful to have a deep understanding of the discourse,but will also throw some light upon the practice of translation.

A Comparative Analysis of the Introduction of Travel Company In China and South America

The introduction of Travel Company is a mirror which can display the culture of Travel Company and it is crucial when travelers make a choice. In order to make a better understanding of different introductions under different cultures, an analysis has been made between the introductions of two travel companies in China and South America respectively from the perspective of systemic-functional grammar(SFG).

A Tenor Analysis of Barack Obama's Speech on Boston Marathon Bombing Event

Systemic-Functional Grammar is a sociologically oriented functional linguistic approach developed by M. A. K. Halli day. One of the focuses of SFG is register, which is composed of field, tenor and mode. Halliday particularly developed these three main parameters, which are useful for characterizing the nature of the social transaction of the participants. In this essay, the method of tenor is used for analyzing Barack Obama's speech on Boston Marathon bombing event to explore how Obama trans fers his ideas to audience in order to achieve his goals.

A Study of News Reports in China Daily from the Perspective of Transitivity

News is very important in our daily life, which we can get sufficient information from different kinds of news. In this paper, I take Halliday's systemic-functional grammar as the theoretical foundation to analyze the news. Halliday categorizes the metafunctions into experiential function, interpersonal function and textual function. Here, I will make a detailed analysis of the English news reports in China Daily from transitivity of experiential function to find out the linguistic characteristics of the English news reports.

On the Metafunctions in Diplomatic Discourse:An Analysis on the Answer of Foreign Ministry Spokesman

Taking the answer of Foreign Ministry Spokesman as material,the essay intends to study the metafunctions in diplomatic discourse from the perspective of Systematic-Functional Grammar. According to the study of transitivity,mood,modality and thematic progression patterns in the material,it is found that the metafunctions are achieved in diplomatic discourse appropriately,and help to strengthen the preciseness, reliability and systematicness of spokesman's words.

On the significance of theme and thematic progression in the development of text

This paper provides a detailed analysis about the themes and the thematic progression of a certain text, with Halliday＇s Systemic-Functional ideas as the theoretical foundation. Based on this, the paper discloses the significance of theme and thematic progression in the development of text, which includes forming a semantic chain and achieving a comprehensive understanding of a text.

Using GM to Analyze EST Texts

The role of the grammatical metaphor （GM） theory to systemic-functional linguistics （SFL） as well as to metaphor studies has been generally acknowledged. Based on the framework of GM theory in SFL, this thesis, by conducting a statistical analysis of the distribution of 13 types of GM in 20 English for science and technology （EST） texts which are chosen at random and aimed at different readers, is intended, on the one hand, to test and verify the applicability and feasibility of Halliday＇s grammatical metaphor theory as well as the correctness of Halliday-Martin＇s claim and on the other, to analyze the reasons for using GM, especially experiential GM substantially in EST texts.