Correlations between various rock mass classification/characterization systems for the Zagros tunnel-W Iran

This study deals with the comparative investigation on various classification/characterization systems for sedimentary rocks in two parts,40 kmlong of the Zagros tunnel,west of Iran.The results of extensive geotechnical explorations and field measurements were applied to obtain the rock mass classification/characterization systems such as Rock Mass Rating(RMR),Rock Condition Rating(RCR),Q-system(Q),Rock Mass Number(QN),Rock Mass index(RMi),Rock Structure Rating(RSR),and Geological Strength Index(GSI)for a wide range of sedimentary rocks.A set of systems inter-relationship is proposed.Some of these correlation relations such as RMR-Q,RMR-RMi,RMi-Q,RCR,GSI-GSI(Cai)are similar to the one or more relations proposed in the previous studies,however,some of them such as RSR-RMR,RSR-Q,RCR-QN and GSI-RMR are not similar to the previous works.Joint set orientation and joint set number are more important parameters that cause weak correlation coefficients where both side classifications are not similar in considering them in calculating values.So it is proposed to find relations between any pairs of systems that both of them consider or not consider these parameters.The relations are proposed for a wide range of sedimentary rocks and can be applied for similar geological environments.

Experimental and Simulation Analysis of Two-Tone and Three-Tone Photodetector Linearity Characterizing Systems

Two measurement techniques are investigated to characterize photodetector linearity. A model for the two-tone and three-tone photodetector systems is developed to thoroughly investigate the influences of setup components on the measurement results. We demonstrate that small bias shifts from the quadrature point of the modulator will induce deviation into measurement results of the two-tone system, and the simulation results correspond well to experimental and calculation results.