ClO4)2 (MnCP),(ClO4)2 (NiCP) and (ClO4) 2 (PbCP) (CHZ=Carbohydrazide) were flash pyrolyzed at different temperatures und er the set pressure by T-jump/FTIR spectroscopy. The results show that twelve ga s products obta...ClO4)2 (MnCP),(ClO4)2 (NiCP) and (ClO4) 2 (PbCP) (CHZ=Carbohydrazide) were flash pyrolyzed at different temperatures und er the set pressure by T-jump/FTIR spectroscopy. The results show that twelve ga s products obtained during the flash pyrolysis process of the three complexes we re CO2, CO, HCl, HCN, NH3, NO2, N2O, NO, HNCO, HONO, H2C=O and H2O, of which CO2 , HCN and HCl were the main gas products and CO2 was the most novel product. NH3 was oxidized to NO2, N2O and H2O. At least some of the N2O might result from th is reaction. Additionally, the effect of temperature on the gas products is disc ussed and the concentration-time change curves of the main gas products are give n.展开更多
Flash pyrolysis of MnTC（ [Mn2（TNR）2（CHZ）2（H2O）4]·2H2O） and NiCT（ [Ni（CHZ）3]（TNR）·5H2O） is conducted by using T-jump/FTIR spectroscopy under 0.1 MPa Ar atmosphere. The mole fractions of the indi...Flash pyrolysis of MnTC（ [Mn2（TNR）2（CHZ）2（H2O）4]·2H2O） and NiCT（ [Ni（CHZ）3]（TNR）·5H2O） is conducted by using T-jump/FTIR spectroscopy under 0.1 MPa Ar atmosphere. The mole fractions of the individual products in the pyrolysis gas mixture are described as a function of time. Results show that NiCT appears to produce more N2O, NH3 and HONO upon flash pyrolysis, thus secondary oxidation reduction reactions may take place to a certain extent during its thermal decomposition, which in turn leads to unsteady combustion and possibly to failure of the device. While H2O and CO2 are the major two gas products of flash pyrolysis of MnTC, it warrants further in-depth trials for the adoption in detonators as coo-friendly and chemically compatible primary explosive. The two compounds both liberate volatile metal carbonate, oxide and isocyanate compounds.展开更多
The Marplex Convention was established to prevent the manufacture of unmarked plastic explosives and stipulates that a volatile detection agent must be added at the time of manufacture.However,to-date,laboratory testi...The Marplex Convention was established to prevent the manufacture of unmarked plastic explosives and stipulates that a volatile detection agent must be added at the time of manufacture.However,to-date,laboratory testing remains the internationally accepted practice for identifying and quantifying the taggants stipulated in the Convention.In this project,portable FTIR and Raman instruments were tested for their ability to detect 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane(DMDNB),the chemical marker incorporated in plastic explosives that are manufactured within Australia.While both FTIR and Raman instruments detected solid DMDNB(98%purity),field analysis of plastic explosives at an Australian Defence establishment showed that both FTIR and Raman spectra were matched the relevant explosive(RDX or PETN),rather than the DMDNB taggant.For all three plastic explosives tested,the concentration of DMDNB was measured by SPME-GC-MS to be between 1.8 and 2%,greater than the minimum 1%concentration stipulated by the Marplex Convention.Additional testing with a plastic explosive analogue confirmed that the minor absorption peaks that would characterize low concentrations of DMDNB were masked by absorption bands from other compounds within the solid.Thus,while both FTIR and Raman spectroscopy are suitable for detection of plastic explosives,neither rely on the presence of DMDNB for detection.It is likely that similar results would be found for other taggants stipulated by the Marplex Convention,given they are also present in concentrations less than 1%.展开更多
Flash pyrolysis of （CHZ）2TNR and （SCZ）2TNR was conducted by T-jump/FTIR spectroscopy under 0.1 MPa Ar atmosphere. The results show that eleven IR-active gas products obtained during flash pyrolysis process of the ...Flash pyrolysis of （CHZ）2TNR and （SCZ）2TNR was conducted by T-jump/FTIR spectroscopy under 0.1 MPa Ar atmosphere. The results show that eleven IR-active gas products obtained during flash pyrolysis process of the two title compounds are NO, CO, HCN, NH3, NO2, N2O, HNCO, HNO2, CO2, H2O and HCHO, of which NO and CO are the main gas products. The molar fraction of the individual product in the pyrolysis gas mixture was described as a function of time. At least some of the NO2, N2O and H2O can result from the oxidization reaction of NH3 during flash pyrolysis of （CHZ）2TNR. It can be concluded that the two compounds are not worthy of further in-depth consideration of the adoption in detonators as eco-friendly primary explosive, and should not be used as gas generation composition of automobile crash airbag system taking into account the toxicity.展开更多
文摘ClO4)2 (MnCP),(ClO4)2 (NiCP) and (ClO4) 2 (PbCP) (CHZ=Carbohydrazide) were flash pyrolyzed at different temperatures und er the set pressure by T-jump/FTIR spectroscopy. The results show that twelve ga s products obtained during the flash pyrolysis process of the three complexes we re CO2, CO, HCl, HCN, NH3, NO2, N2O, NO, HNCO, HONO, H2C=O and H2O, of which CO2 , HCN and HCl were the main gas products and CO2 was the most novel product. NH3 was oxidized to NO2, N2O and H2O. At least some of the N2O might result from th is reaction. Additionally, the effect of temperature on the gas products is disc ussed and the concentration-time change curves of the main gas products are give n.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20471008)Basic Research Foundation of Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT-UBF-200502B4221)
文摘Flash pyrolysis of MnTC（ [Mn2（TNR）2（CHZ）2（H2O）4]·2H2O） and NiCT（ [Ni（CHZ）3]（TNR）·5H2O） is conducted by using T-jump/FTIR spectroscopy under 0.1 MPa Ar atmosphere. The mole fractions of the individual products in the pyrolysis gas mixture are described as a function of time. Results show that NiCT appears to produce more N2O, NH3 and HONO upon flash pyrolysis, thus secondary oxidation reduction reactions may take place to a certain extent during its thermal decomposition, which in turn leads to unsteady combustion and possibly to failure of the device. While H2O and CO2 are the major two gas products of flash pyrolysis of MnTC, it warrants further in-depth trials for the adoption in detonators as coo-friendly and chemically compatible primary explosive. The two compounds both liberate volatile metal carbonate, oxide and isocyanate compounds.
基金funded by the Defence Science Technology Group(DSTG)。
文摘The Marplex Convention was established to prevent the manufacture of unmarked plastic explosives and stipulates that a volatile detection agent must be added at the time of manufacture.However,to-date,laboratory testing remains the internationally accepted practice for identifying and quantifying the taggants stipulated in the Convention.In this project,portable FTIR and Raman instruments were tested for their ability to detect 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane(DMDNB),the chemical marker incorporated in plastic explosives that are manufactured within Australia.While both FTIR and Raman instruments detected solid DMDNB(98%purity),field analysis of plastic explosives at an Australian Defence establishment showed that both FTIR and Raman spectra were matched the relevant explosive(RDX or PETN),rather than the DMDNB taggant.For all three plastic explosives tested,the concentration of DMDNB was measured by SPME-GC-MS to be between 1.8 and 2%,greater than the minimum 1%concentration stipulated by the Marplex Convention.Additional testing with a plastic explosive analogue confirmed that the minor absorption peaks that would characterize low concentrations of DMDNB were masked by absorption bands from other compounds within the solid.Thus,while both FTIR and Raman spectroscopy are suitable for detection of plastic explosives,neither rely on the presence of DMDNB for detection.It is likely that similar results would be found for other taggants stipulated by the Marplex Convention,given they are also present in concentrations less than 1%.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（No.20471008）.
文摘Flash pyrolysis of （CHZ）2TNR and （SCZ）2TNR was conducted by T-jump/FTIR spectroscopy under 0.1 MPa Ar atmosphere. The results show that eleven IR-active gas products obtained during flash pyrolysis process of the two title compounds are NO, CO, HCN, NH3, NO2, N2O, HNCO, HNO2, CO2, H2O and HCHO, of which NO and CO are the main gas products. The molar fraction of the individual product in the pyrolysis gas mixture was described as a function of time. At least some of the NO2, N2O and H2O can result from the oxidization reaction of NH3 during flash pyrolysis of （CHZ）2TNR. It can be concluded that the two compounds are not worthy of further in-depth consideration of the adoption in detonators as eco-friendly primary explosive, and should not be used as gas generation composition of automobile crash airbag system taking into account the toxicity.
