System design and measurements of flux concentrator and its solid-state modulator for CEPC positron source

Positron sources are one of the most important components of the injector of a circular electron positron collector(CEPC).The CEPC is designed as an e^(+)e^(−)collider for a Higgs factory.Its accelerator system is composed of 100-km-long storage rings and an injector.The design goal of the positron source is to obtain positron beams with a bunch charge of 3 nC.The flux concentrator(FC)is one of the cores of the positron source.This paper reports the design,development,and measurements of an FC prototype system.The prototype includes an FC and an all-solid-state high-current pulse modulator.Preliminary tests show that the peak current on the FC can reach 15.5 kA,and the peak magnetic field can reach 6.2 T.The test results are consistent with the theoretical simulation.The FC system fulfills the requirements of the CEPC positron source as well as provides a reference for the development of similar devices both domestically and abroad.

Magnetic Flux Controllers for Induction Heating Applications

Application of magnetic flux controllers/concentrators to induction heating coils can drastically improve the process efficiency and heat pattern control. Presentation includes: benefits provided by flux controllers, materials available for controllers, application techniques, computer assisted design of induction coils with concentrators, examples of applications. Depending on induction system design, magnetic flux controllers can concentrate heating in a specified area, change heat source distribution and shield a particular part zone or external area preventing unintended eddy current heating. Besides of the coil efficiency improvement and optimal power distribution, magnetic flux controllers reduce the coil current demand from a supplying circuitry thus strongly reducing losses in busswork, cables, transformers and inverter components. Improvement that can be achieved due to magnetic flux controllers is case dependable. 2D and 3D computer simulation allows the designer to predict accurately effect of controllers on the coil parameters and temperature distribution and optimize the whole electromagnetic system. Special attention in presentation is paid to new magnetodielectric materials optimized for induction heating conditions. These materials have high magnetic permeability and saturation flux density, excellent machinability, good chemical and temperature resistance. Concentrators from these materials can work in a wide range of frequencies and specific powers. Examples of magnetic flux controller application include surface hardening of shafts and gears, induction surface hardfacing and brazing.

Quantum of the Magnetic Flux Characteristic forExperiments Performed on the Integer and Fractional Quantum Hall Effects

Experimentally the plateaus characteristic for the integer quantum Hall effect is obtained in vicinity of specific values of the magnetic induction. The paper demonstrates that the ratios of these induction values to carrier concentration in the planar crystalline samples approach systematically the quanta of the magnetic flux important for the behavior of superconductors. Moreover, the same quanta can be deduced from the Landau levels theory and their application in the magnetoresistance theory gives results being in accordance with experiments. The quanta of the magnetic flux similar to those for the integer quantum Hall effect can be obtained also for the fractional quantum Hall effect. This holds on condition the experimental ratio of the magnetic flux to carrier concentration is multiplied by the filling factor of the Landau level.

Boosting the energy harvesting performance of cantilever structured magneto-mechano-electric generator by controlling magnetic flux intensity on magnet proof mass

A cantilever-structured magneto-mechano-electric(MME)generator comprising a magnetoelectric composite with a magnet proof mass is a potential candidate for powering autonomous wireless sensor networks.Recently,the concept of a magnetic flux concentrator(MFC)to enhance the output performance of the MME generator by focusing the ultralow-intensity magnetic field into the MME generator was introduced.However,the MFC-concentrated magnetic flux mostly focused on the end tip of the MME cantilever rather than at the magnet proof mass located on the cantilever beam.Considering that the torque generated by the magnet proof mass contributes more than half of the output power of an MME generator,optimizing the volume and position of the proof-mass with MFC is crucial for better performance.Furthermore,a smaller proof-mass is desirable for the long-term reliability of cantilevertype harvesters.Hence,we investigated the effect of the position and weight(volume)of the magnet proof mass with respect to the MFC on the output performance of the MME generator through finite element analysis and experiments.The MME generator with the lighter magnet proof mass at the optimized position generated a maximum power of 5.35 mW under a 10 Oe magnetic field,which was 210%of that of the MME configuration used in our previous study.Furthermore,the MME generator showed broadband characteristics around the practical frequency of 60 Hz,which could provide more freedom to design the harvester with high performance.

A passive current sensor employing self-biased magnetoelectric transducer and high-permeability nanocrystalline flux concentrator

A passive current sensor,consisting of SmFe_(2)/PZT/SmFe_(2)self-biased magnetoelectric(ME)composite and Fe_(73.5)Cu_(1)Nb_(3)Si_(13.5)B_(9)nanocrystalline flux concentrator for weak current detection at power-line frequency,was fabricated and characterized.Giant magnetostrictive material of SmFe_(2)plate with large anisotropic constant provides a huge internal anisotropic field to bias the ME transducer in closed magnetic loop.Consequently,the additional magnetomotive force induced by the internal field and the corresponding increased effective permeabil-ity contribute to the improvement of the sensitivity.Experimental results demonstrate that the presented sensor has a higher sensitivity of 152 mV·A^(-1)at 50 Hz with a slight nonlinearity of~0.01%full scale(FS)and matches well with the predicted value.This presented current-sensing device exhibits approximately 2.3 times higher sensitivity than that of conventional ME composite with[Pb(Zr_(0.48),Ti_(0.52)O_(3)](PZT)and Terfenol-D plates serving as a key sensitive component.In addition,time stabilities of the presented sensor were evaluated for a long period of 72 h and analyzed through mathematical statistics method,and favorable stabilities with an uncertainty of 0.5μV are obtained in continuous 1 h testing.These results provide a significant advancement toward promising application of the tri-layer self-biased ME laminate for power-line elec-tric cords monitoring.

基于磁集聚器的金刚石NV色心磁力计灵敏度的增强

对于金刚石氮空位(NV)色心磁力计,探索新的方法提高其灵敏度具有重要的意义。详细介绍了一种基于闭环反馈的频率调制技术结合磁集聚器的高灵敏度和高分辨率磁测量方法。设计了具有12倍磁放大倍数的T型磁集聚器。通过频率调制技术,磁力计灵敏度由1.5 nT/Hz^(1/2)提升到0.13 nT/Hz^(1/2)。同时,通过闭环锁定技术,磁力计最小可检测磁感应强度由10 nT增强到1 nT。该方法在理论和实验上均得到了验证,能够实现磁力计灵敏度和分辨率的提高,为高灵敏度和高分辨率磁力计的设计提供了参考,同时对自旋电子磁共振的基础研究也有着重要的意义。

聚磁式场调制电机谐波分析与电磁转矩计算

不同于传统的永磁同步电机,外转子聚磁式场调制型(FCFMPM)电机基于磁场调制原理实现机电能量转换,使得气隙磁场中含有丰富的谐波磁场。利用磁路法推导并分析FCFMPM电机的永磁磁场和电枢磁场气隙谐波特性,明确了参与转矩传递的主要谐波成分。基于有限元计算和麦克斯韦张量法,计算电机稳态运行时气隙磁场谐波对转矩的贡献,并对不同谐波进行了分类。最后进行有限元建模仿真,验证了本文方法的准确性。同时对FCFMPM电机转矩脉动产生的原因进行了解释,为抑制转矩脉动的研究提供了理论依据。

高灵敏度感应式磁传感器的研究

大地电磁测深需要较宽频率范围的感应式磁传感器来探测大深度范围,然而,随着频率的降低磁传感器的感应电压也随之降低;高频段由于磁性材料在磁化时存在趋肤效应,导致磁芯的有效面积变小,因此,提高磁芯的有效导磁率以及磁芯材料的有效面积是扩展频带提高传感器灵敏度的主要手段。采用高电阻率叠片磁芯并且在磁芯两侧附加磁通收集器的办法增加有效面积和有效导磁率从而提高传感器的灵敏度。标定结果表明传感器频率范围是0.001 Hz～10 kHz,在频率小于1 Hz的范围内灵敏度为0.24 V/(nT·Hz),频率高于1 Hz时,为0.75 V/nT,能够满足大深度范围探测的需要。

一种新型聚磁式横向磁场永磁电机研究

首先分析了横向磁场电机实现转矩提升的基本原理 ,并在总结各种横向磁场电机拓扑结构特点的基础上 ,设计了一种新型组合定子双边聚磁式横向磁场永磁电机。介绍了样机的结构特点 ,采用三维等效磁网络法进行了样机磁场分析 ,并给出了样机气隙磁密的三维分布图以及电磁转矩计算结果等 ,样机试验与计算结果基本吻合。

聚磁式场调制永磁风力发电机工作原理与静态特性

提出一种新型聚磁式场调制永磁(Flux-Concentrating Field-Modulated PermanentMagnet,FCFMPM)电机,该电机外转子采用聚磁式永磁体结构改善气隙磁通密度,定子采用开口槽结构提高空间利用率。基于磁齿轮效应,定子齿对转子永磁磁场进行调制,产生极对数少、运行速度快的谐波磁场,由该谐波磁场作为有效励磁的FCFMPM电机具有低速、大转矩密度的特点。在深入分析电机工作原理的基础上,运用二维有限元方法计算了其静态特性,包括空载永磁磁链、空载感应电动势、电感、定位力矩和电磁转矩等。研制了一台5k W实验样机,并与商业化小型永磁直驱风力发电机做比较。仿真和实验结果表明,所提电机具有转矩密度大、定位力矩小、外特性硬等特点,特别适用于如风力发电等低速、直驱系统。

MEMS磁力线聚集和垂动调制磁场传感器

针对巨磁阻和磁隧道结等磁阻元件的1/f噪声,提出一种采用微机电系统的磁力线聚集和垂动调制磁场传感器。通过将被测磁场从低频转移到几kHz,实现对磁场的DC/AC转化,从而减小了磁阻元件的1/f噪声。基于该方案采用多层膜巨磁阻元件AA002制作了磁场传感器样品,并进行了实验测试,结果表明:磁传感器样品的调制效率达到了19.3%,超过了已有的其他各种调制方案,同时低频磁场的探测能力达到槡120pT/Hz,相比巨磁阻元件AA002提高了40多倍。

聚磁式横向磁通永磁盘式风力发电机设计与分析

横向磁通永磁电机电负荷和磁负荷相互解耦,设计灵活,且相比于传统的径向和轴向磁场永磁电机具有较高的功率密度,因此在低速风力发电领域具有良好的应用前景。该文基于横向磁通电机的原理与盘式电机的特点,提出一种新型聚磁式横向磁通盘式永磁发电机,其定子铁心沿径向形成交错的内外齿,且永磁体嵌入转子铁心中,有效提高了横向磁通电机的空间利用率和气隙磁密。为满足电机磁路的需要,定子铁心采用软磁复合材料构成。文中介绍了这种电机的结构和原理,给出了电磁设计方法,并采用三维有限元法对电机进行了分析计算。根据理论计算,研制了实验样机,并进行了试验研究,验证了理论分析的正确性。

聚磁式场调制永磁风力发电机输出特性改善的研究

根据场调制永磁风力发电机工作原理,推导其功率尺寸方程和电枢反应电抗压降表达式,提出改善此类场调制电机输出特性的方法。分析一种外转子聚磁式场调制电机结构,建立不同极槽数配合的聚磁式和传统永磁体表贴式场调制电机有限元模型,仿真分析磁路结构改变和极槽数配合对场调制电机相绕组电感和输出特性的影响。试制1台18槽/8极聚磁式场调制永磁电机样机,实验结果与仿真和理论分析一致,表明辐条嵌入式永磁体安排和合理的极槽数配合使得所提聚磁式场调制电机具有输出电压调整率小、外特性硬的特点。

硫尾矿的弱磁精还原焙烧同步脱硫研究

以内蒙古某硫尾矿的弱磁精为研究对象,进行了添加助熔剂的直接还原焙烧—磁选试验。研究了还原剂种类与用量、助熔剂种类与用量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间等因素对还原铁产品的影响。结果表明,无烟煤与CCD组合,降硫效果更突出,可得到铁品位为93.57%、铁回收率为70.42%、硫含量为0.12%的还原铁产品;惠民煤与SH组合,提铁效果更突出,可得到铁品位为94.62%、铁回收率为82.01%、硫含量为0.39%的还原铁产品。

导磁体在汽车零件感应加热中的应用技术

本文简单介绍了导磁体工作的基本原理,并给出在汽车零件大规模生产中所积累的导磁体应用的一 些经验,以阐明如何更有效地使用导磁体。

液压支架顶梁裂纹弱磁无损检测分析

针对目前液压支架裂纹检测方法操作繁琐的问题,提出了一种基于地磁场激励的液压支架顶梁裂纹弱磁无损检测方法。首先运用COMSOL Multiphysics仿真软件对液压支架顶梁裂纹处的应力场进行分析,然后基于弱磁无损检测原理,在仿真空间内加载地磁场,得到顶梁含裂纹缺陷材料磁化后与地磁场形成的叠加场,对该叠加场进行分析。结果表明:①在液压支架顶梁缺陷处有应力集中现象,且越靠下应力越大,裂纹由表及里向两侧拓展,及时发现表面裂纹可有效减小顶梁失效风险。②当裂纹缺陷的长度与深度固定时,不同宽度裂纹的磁通密度模曲线的波谷与波峰的水平间距和波峰值随宽度的增加而增大,波谷值随宽度的增加而先减小后增大。磁通密度模变化的幅值随裂纹宽度的增加而增大,磁通密度模相邻最大谷峰差的变化率随宽度的增加而减小。磁通密度的变化幅值与裂纹宽度的变化呈正相关。③当裂纹缺陷的长度与宽度固定时,不同深度裂纹的磁通密度模曲线的波谷值差异较小,左侧波峰值随宽度的增加而增大,右侧波峰值随宽度的增加而减小。随着裂纹深度的增加,磁通密度模的变化幅值增大,磁通密度模相邻最大谷峰差的变化率几乎不变。磁通密度的变化幅值与裂纹深度的变化呈正相关。相较于裂纹的深度变化,磁通密度对裂纹的宽度变化更为敏感。④当裂纹缺陷的长度、宽度与深度固定时,改变裂纹的走向并不影响对裂纹缺陷处的判断。

分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机设计与分析

分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机由于转矩密度高、弱磁性能好、齿槽转矩小和效率高等特点,广泛应用于航空航天、电动汽车等领域。本文研究了机载雷达伺服系统用分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机,建立了电机的解析模型,分析了长径比、裂比、磁密系数等设计参数对电机性能的影响规律。结果表明,电机的输出转矩和质量分别与定子外径D3os,D2os成正比,绕组端部比重与长径比λ成反比,综合转矩密度和绕组端部比重两个因素,λ宜在0.2~0.4范围内选择。当定子裂比γ增加时,转矩密度先增大后减小,为使转矩密度最大,γ宜在0.6~0.8范围内选择。当磁密系数χ增加时,输出转矩先增大后减小,为使输出转矩最大,χ宜设计在1.75附近。基于理论分析和仿真计算,文中设计并加工了一台45槽38极分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机,最后通过实验测试了其性能。

基于磁集中器的霍尔三轴磁场测量传感器有限元仿真分析

运用有限元分析软件COMSOL Multiphysics,模拟计算了在80A/m(1 Oe)的磁场中,加入磁集中器后磁场的变化,并讨论了磁集中器的大小、材料磁导率、霍尔元件大小、空间位置等参数对传感器输出参数的影响。计算结果表明,把磁集中器和霍尔元件组合到一起,能够使用传统霍尔元件实现磁场的三维测量,从而可以使其在电子罗盘和地磁导航系统等领域得到广泛的应用。

直流电磁泵磁感应强度数值模拟

针对液态金属传输用直流电磁泵内部磁场区域的磁场分布问题,建立了电磁铁三维有限元模型并进行模拟计算,探究了电磁铁不同聚磁头截面尺寸、励磁电流大小和线圈匝数对聚磁头间隙处磁感应强度分布的影响。结果表明,聚磁头截面尺寸为铁芯截面尺寸的50%~60%时磁隙处磁感应强度最强;随励磁电流的增大,线圈匝数的增加,磁隙处磁感应强度均呈现增长趋势,受铁芯材料特性影响,励磁电流与线圈匝数分别在1 300 A和20匝时,磁隙处磁感应强度达到饱和状态。

聚磁型无源转子横向磁通永磁电机设计与仿真

提出了一种新型聚磁型无源转子横向磁通永磁电机。首先分析了该电机的基本结构和运行原理,借鉴永磁同步电机的成熟理论方程推导了该电机的电磁设计公式,并给出了相应的优化流程图。采用三维有限元方法分析了电机的磁场分布,给出了空载反电势、相电感及其齿槽转矩波形。该电机的气隙磁密比传统横向磁通永磁电机高,采用聚磁型结构提高了永磁体的利用率。漏磁严重使得横向磁通永磁电机的相绕组自感比较大,通过仿真分析了电枢反应对电机的影响。