SYNTHESIS OF LIQUID CRYSTALLINE COPOLYESTERS WITH T-SHAPED TWO-DIMENSIONAL MESOGENIC UNIT AND CROWN ETHER CYCLE

A novel series of liquid crystalline copolyesters with T-shaped two-dimensional mesogenic unit and crown ether cycle of cis-4,4′-bis(4-hydroxyphenylazo)dibenzo-18-crown-6 was prepared via solution condensation polymerization from 4,4′-(α,ω-hexanedioyloxy)dibenzoyl dichloride(M_1),2-(4′-ethoxyphenyl)hydroquinone(M_2)and cis-4,4′-bis(4- hydroxyphenylazo)dibenzo-18-crown-6(M_3).The molecular weights of copolyesters are not high,and the intrinsic viscosity [η]of copolyesters ranges from 0.29-0.43.The monomers ...

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMERS WITH T-SHAPED TWO-DIMENSIONAL MESOGENIC UNITS (Ⅱ)

A series of liquid crystalline polymers with T-shaped two-dimensional mesogenic unitswere synthesized via low temperature solution polycondensation of 2-(4'-alkoxy-phenyl)hydroquinone with various diacyl dichlorides. The polymers were found to be nematic andshown thermotropic liquid crystalline behaviors through observations using DSC, polarizedmicroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The melting temperature T_m and the isotropizationtemperature T_i of the polymers change regularly with varying of the monomer structures.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYESTERS WITH T-SHAPED TWO-DIMENSIONAL MESOGENIC UNITS(Ⅲ)

A new series of liquid crystal polyesters with T-shaped two-dimensional mesogenic units weresynthesized by melt polycondensation of the diacetates of 2-(4'-alkoxy -phenyl)-hydroquinones with 4,4'-alkylenedioxydibenzoic acid. The polymers were characterized by using polarized microscopy, DSC and X-ray diffraction. It was realized that all the polymers have nematic thermotropic liquid crystallinecharacteristics. The melting temperature (T_m) and isotropization temperature (T_i) of the polymers changeregularly with varying lengths of the alkoxy side group and the length of the alkylene group in the main chainin company with an even-odd effect. The mesophase temperature range also varies regularly with the polymerstructure. It is shown that the mesophase range has been widened.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMERS WITH T-SHAPED TWO-DIMENSIONAL MESOGENIC UNITS

Two series of new liquid crystalline polymers with T-shaped two-dimensional mesogenic units were synthesized by low temperature solution polycondensations of 4-substituted N-2, 5-dihydroxybenzylidene aniline monomers with different diacyl dichlorides. The polymers were found to be nematic and shown liquid crystalline behavior. The melting temperature T-m and the clearing temperature T-i of the polymers change regularly with varying of the monomer structures.

Effect of CO Combustion Promoters on Combustion Air Partition in FCC under Nearly Complete Combustion

With CO combustion promoters, the role of combustion air flow rate for concerns of economics and control is important. The combustion air is conceptually divided to three parts: the air consumed by coke burning,the air consumed by CO combustion and the air unreacted. A mathematical model of a fluid catalytic cracking(FCC)unit, which includes a quantitative correlation of CO heterogeneous combustion and the amount of CO combustion promoters, is introduced to investigate the effects of promoters on the three parts of combustion air. The results show that the air consumed by coke burning is almost linear to combustion air flow rate, while the air consumed by CO combustion promoters tends to saturate as combustion air flow rate increases, indicating that higher air flow rate can only be used as a manipulated variable to control the oxygen content for an economic concern.

Fast CU Partition for VVC Using Texture Complexity Classification Convolutional Neural Network

Versatile video coding(H.266/VVC),which was newly released by the Joint Video Exploration Team(JVET),introduces quad-tree plus multitype tree(QTMT)partition structure on the basis of quad-tree(QT)partition structure in High Efficiency Video Coding(H.265/HEVC).More complicated coding unit(CU)partitioning processes in H.266/VVC significantly improve video compression efficiency,but greatly increase the computational complexity compared.The ultra-high encoding complexity has obstructed its real-time applications.In order to solve this problem,a CU partition algorithm using convolutional neural network(CNN)is proposed in this paper to speed up the H.266/VVC CU partition process.Firstly,64×64 CU is divided into smooth texture CU,mildly complex texture CU and complex texture CU according to the CU texture characteristics.Second,CU texture complexity classification convolutional neural network(CUTCC-CNN)is proposed to classify CUs.Finally,according to the classification results,the encoder is guided to skip different RDO search process.And optimal CU partition results will be determined.Experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the average coding time by 32.2%with only 0.55%BD-BR loss compared with VTM 10.2.

交直流电力系统电压稳定性控制方法

交直流电力系统电压稳定性控制方法主要集中在单一的调节手段上进行定功率控制,导致电压区域不稳定,发生大规模波动,为此研究交直流电力系统电压稳定性控制方法。首先,通过对交直流电力系统的电压进行分区,揭示系统电压分布的特点和规律。电压分区后,构建储能单元的数学模型,针对直流配电网的惯性特性进行详细分析,确定电压稳定负荷裕度的计算方法,以评估系统的稳定性水平,最后,结合电压暂态稳定性控制输出,实现交直流电力系统电压稳定性控制。实验结果显示,与无功补偿方法和有功潮流优化方法相比,研究的交直流电力系统电压稳定性控制方法的交流子网的电压区域稳定,未发生大规模波动,具有实际的应用价值。

Optimal Maintenance Modeling for Systems with Multiple Non-Identical Units Using Extended DSSP Method

In the optimal maintenance modeling, all possible maintenance activities and their corresponding probabilities play a key role in modeling. For a system with multiple non-identical units, its maintenance requirements are very complicated, and it is time-consuming, even omission may occur when enumerating them with various combinations of units and even with different maintenance actions for them. Deterioration state space partition (DSSP) method is an efficient approach to analyze all possible maintenance requirements at each maintenance decision point and deduce their corresponding probabilities for maintenance modeling of multi-unit systems. In this paper, an extended DSSP method is developed for systems with multiple non-identical units considering opportunistic, preventive and corrective maintenance activities for each unit. In this method, different maintenance types are distinguished in each maintenance requirement. A new representation of the possible maintenance requirements and their corresponding probabilities is derived according to the partition results based on the joint probability density function of the maintained system deterioration state. Furthermore, focusing on a two-unit system with a non-periodical inspected condition-based opportunistic preventive-maintenance strategy;a long-term average cost model is established using the proposed method to determine its optimal maintenance parameters jointly, in which “hard failure” and non-negligible maintenance time are considered. Numerical experiments indicate that the extended DSSP method is valid for opportunistic maintenance modeling of multi-unit systems.

Hg-CEMS烟气预处理关键问题研究与进展

鉴于汞在化石燃料和矿物资源中的天然禀赋以及能源与资源利用过程中汞污染物的排放与监管,研发我国自主知识产权的汞连续在线监测系统(Hg-CEMS)成为汞排放浓度监测的国家重大需求。烟气预处理技术是Hg-CEMS系统中最关键的组成部分,也是限制我国Hg-CEMS技术发展与应用的核心技术。对Hg-CEMS烟气预处理技术中的4个关键模块——稀释采样模块、Hg0/Hg^(2+)分离模块、Hg^(2+)还原模块、Hg^(2+)标气发生模块的研究进展进行全面综述。首先,介绍稀释采样技术的原理与应用,阐述音速小孔和热稀释引射器的结构和设计要点,论述数值模拟与优化设计相结合的方法。其次,针对Hg0/Hg^(2+)分离技术,综述湿法吸收、物理吸附和化学吸附的研究新进展,讨论选择性吸附剂KCl和CaO的理论和实验研究结果。第3,针对Hg^(2+)还原技术,概述湿化学还原、低温还原和高温分解还原的技术,论证低温还原技术中固态还原剂的活性成分、反应温度以及烟气成分对氧化态汞还原的影响,探讨高温分解还原技术中填充材料、酸性气体组分以及除酸剂对Hg^(2+)还原和抑制Hg0再氧化的新研究进展。最后,针对Hg^(2+)标气发生技术面临的技术难点,提出固态标气发生新技术理念并指出其工业应用的可行性。结合当前Hg-CEMS技术的研究发展和应用现状,提出上述4个关键模块的研究思路、解决方案与应用前景。

基于CU特征差异的VVC帧内快速划分算法

针对通用视频编码(versatile video coding,VVC)在编码单元(coding unit,CU)划分中引入了多类型树划分结构导致编码复杂度增加的问题,提出了一种基于CU子块方向特性与空间复杂度的快速划分算法。首先利用CU整体的纹理复杂度对当前CU进行分类,筛选出不划分CU;然后利用子块不同划分方向的特性差异提前决策CU划分方向;最后利用CU中间区域与边缘区域的复杂度差异特征判断是否跳过三叉树(ternary tree,TT)划分,进一步减少候选列表划分模式数量。实验结果表明,与官方测试平台VTM10.0相比,编码器在平均输出比特率增加1.12%的代价下,编码时间减少了40.25%,说明该算法在通用视频编码中能以较小的质量损失实现更短的编码时间。

一种基于图神经网络和统计分析的VVC帧内编码快速算法

多功能视频编码(versatile video coding,VVC)作为最新一代的视频编码标准,通过引入多种高效的编码工具进一步提升了视频编码性能。然而,VVC标准引入了四叉树加多类型树(quadtree plus multi-type tree,QTMT)划分结构,并将帧内预测模式从35种扩展到67种,导致编码复杂度急剧上升。为降低VVC的帧内编码复杂度,首先,提出了一种基于图神经网络的帧内编码单元(coding unit,CU)划分快速算法,该算法利用高效的图神经网络模型直接预测CU的最优划分模式,从而跳过冗余的CU划分遍历。其次,提出了一种基于空间相关性和纹理特征的帧内模式选择快速算法,该算法利用平均方向方差和Sobel梯度算子确定纹理方向,并跳过部分角度预测模式,同时结合预测模式间的相关性精简率失真模式列表。实验结果表明,该算法能够在BDBR(bjontegaard delta bit rate)上升2.29%的代价下,节省64.04%的编码时间。

一种快速的多尺度多输入编码树单元互补分类网络

深度神经网络(DNN)已被广泛应用到高效视频编码(HEVC)编码树单元(CTU)的深度划分中,显著降低了编码复杂度。然而现有的基于DNN的CTU深度划分方法却忽略了不同尺度编码单元(CU)间的特征相关性和存在着分类错误累积等缺陷。基于此,该文提出一种多尺度多输入的互补分类网络(MCCN)来实现更高效且更准确的HEVC帧内CTU深度划分。首先,提出一种多尺度多输入的卷积神经网络(MMCNN),通过融合不同尺度CU的特征来建立CU间的关联,进一步提升网络的表达能力。然后,提出一种互补的分类策略(CCS),通过结合二分类和三分类,并采用投票机制来决定CTU中每个CU的最终深度值,有效避免了现有方法中存在的错误累积效应,实现了更准确的CTU深度划分。大量的实验结果表明,该文所提MCCN能够更大程度降低HEVC编码的复杂度,同时实现更准确的CTU深度划分:仅以增加3.18%的平均增量比特率(BD-BR)为代价,降低了71.49%的平均编码复杂度。同时,预测32×32 CU和16×16 CU的深度准确率分别提升了0.65%~0.93%和2.14%~9.27%。

基于GPU对角稀疏矩阵向量乘法的动态划分算法

在图形处理器(GPU)上实现对角稀疏矩阵向量乘法(SpMV)可以充分利用GPU的并行计算能力,并加速矩阵向量乘法;然而,相关主流算法存在零元填充数据多、计算效率低的问题。针对上述问题,提出一种对角SpMV算法DIA-Dynamic(DIAgonal-Dynamic)。首先,设计一种全新的动态划分策略,根据矩阵的不同特征进行分块,在保证GPU高计算效率的同时大幅减少零元填充,去除冗余计算量;其次,提出一种对角稀疏矩阵存储格式BDIA(Block DIAgonal)存储分块数据,并调整数据布局,提高GPU上的访存性能;最后,基于GPU的底层进行条件分支优化,以减少分支判断,并使用动态共享内存解决向量的不规则访问问题。DIA-Dynamic与前沿Tile SpMV算法相比,平均加速比达到了1.88;与前沿BRCSD(Diagonal Compressed Storage based on Row-Blocks)-Ⅱ算法相比,平均零元填充减少了43%,平均加速比达到了1.70。实验结果表明,DIA-Dynamic能够有效提高GPU上对角SpMV的计算效率,缩短计算时间,提升程序性能。

高大空间轻质隔墙装配式装修技术研究及应用

本文针对高大空间轻钢龙骨隔墙装配施工技术展开研究,通过研制不锈钢龙骨体系传递受力,满足超高层高和大跨度结构形式隔墙体系受力要求,研制不锈钢龙骨螺栓连接方式及单元式隔墙板螺栓安装方式,实现单元式隔墙板装配组装施工,具有一定推广价值。

防火分区的疏散:也谈分散充电桩地下车库疏散指示设计

阅读《建筑电气》2020年第3期《设置分散充电设施地下车库疏散指示系统设计》一文后,基于现行规范标准也谈地下车库配建分散充电设施的消防疏散方案设计。重点阐明的要点有:深刻理解“疏散”概念,把“疏散”和“逃生”区别开来,把“疏散设计”的定位与“疏散”概念紧密关联起来;应基于防火分区组织疏散,疏散指示系统设计前应以防火分区确定疏散方案;务必掌握地下车库车道的消防疏散功能及其防火卷帘分步下降控制方法;应能识别防火单元隔墙上开设的“相互连通的门”的不同作用,其疏散门才安装出口标志灯;必须领会“借用相邻防火分区疏散”的建筑设计意图及其内涵;“禁止入内”标志灯使用场所有限,不能乱用。

镍基合金FN3蠕变-疲劳交互试验特性研究

超高参数燃煤电站汽轮机工作条件非常复杂,有必要对复杂应力状况下的新材料力学行为进行评价。对进汽温度大于650℃的先进超超临界燃煤电站用镍基高温合金FN3,在725℃下进行了应变控制蠕变-疲劳交互试验,拉伸峰值应变保载时间为0.5 min和3 min。结合应变变程划分(SRP)模型和M-C模型,从半寿命对应的总应变划分出弹性应变和非弹性应变,将非弹性应变划分为拉向塑性与压向塑性应变、拉向蠕变与压向塑性应变、拉向蠕变与压向蠕变应变以及拉向塑性与压向蠕变应变,提出了各应变分量与失效循环次数的幂函数关系,并拟合各分量的关系参数。对试验结果和断口特征进行了比较分析,结果表明,在相同的应变幅下,随着保载时间的增加,FN3合金蠕变损伤量增加,疲劳失效次数降低。由于析出相的强化作用,合金抵抗裂纹扩展的能力增强,总失效时间增加。研究成果可为先进超超临界汽轮机机组高温部件的选材和使用提供参考。

基于流形覆盖思想的无网格方法的研究

:本文基于流形思想 ,利用有限覆盖 ,单位分解等概念 ,引入建立在覆盖上的覆盖函数和具有紧支撑特性的单位分解函数 ,建立场量逼近的近似表达。由弱形式的 Galerkin变分得到数值分析模型 ,结合边界条件用于边值问题的求解。由此建立了一类新的无网格数值方法。论文采用这种方法分析了平面弹性问题。分析了体积闭锁现象 ,h、p型收敛性等。提出了一种选择覆盖大小的方案 ,且对狭长域采用了椭圆覆盖形式 。

水稻地上部单位器官物质分配过程的定量模拟

【目的】定量描述水稻植株地上部单位器官(叶片、叶鞘、节间、稻穗)干物质的动态分配过程,为作物形态建成模拟和可视化表达奠定基础。【方法】通过不同水稻品种和水氮试验中主茎和分蘖单位叶片、茎鞘及穗的干物质与水分及氮素含量的连续观测和定量分析,构建水稻地上部各单位器官干物质分配指数动态模型。【结果】模型采用线性和指数方程描述了叶片、茎鞘及穗单位器官分配指数随GDD的动态变化过程;分别用指数方程及一元二次方程描述了叶片、茎鞘及穗最大单位分配指数随不同叶位、鞘位以及穗位的动态变化过程;另外,以叶片、茎鞘及穗的氮素和水分因子法分别描述了水氮限制对各单位器官干物质分配过程的定量影响。利用独立的水稻田间试验资料对所建模型进行了初步的测试和检验,主茎与分蘖各单位器官干物重的观测值与模拟值的根均方差分别为0.93、0.81及6.8kg·ha-1。【结论】本模型可较好地模拟不同生长条件下水稻不同茎蘖各单位器官干物质动态的变化过程。

长江三角洲(江苏)地区第四纪地层沉积分区及沉积特征

通过对长江三角洲(江苏)地区第四系早更新世、中更新世、晚更新世、全新世各时期岩相古地理演化特征并结合岩相沉积分布及剖面图纵横向展布规律的分析,将整个研究区划分为三大沉积单元9个沉积分区,即黄淮流域堆积区(Ⅰ):里下河湖沼积平原区(Ⅰ);长江三角洲堆积区(Ⅱ):新长江三角洲堆积平原区(Ⅱ_1)、常州—无锡高亢平原区(Ⅱ_2),太湖东岸湖沼积平原区(Ⅱ_3—苏州重点城市区)、东部沿海冲海积低平原区(Ⅱ_4);低山丘陵堆积区(Ⅲ):浦口—大仪低山丘陵区(Ⅲ_1)、南京—宜兴低山丘陵区(Ⅲ_2)、江阴南部环太湖丘陵区(Ⅲ_3)、镇江低山丘陵区(Ⅲ_4),阐述了9个沉积分区的划分依据和第四系沉积特征。

全球离散格网的建模方法及基本问题

全球离散格网(Discrete Global Grid,DGG)模型是数字地球及空间信息格网的基础,不同的建模方法不但影响空间数据的存储和管理效率,而且影响全球GIS的操作功能。该文介绍了DGG的评价标准,将DGG的建模方法归纳为3种类型:经纬度格网模型、自适应格网模型和正多面体格网模型,重点分析了不同类型球面离散格网模型的几何结构、单元特征和应用模式。最后,提出了DGG在Global GIS中亟待解决的基本问题,包括编码、精度、应用、误差、整合和定位问题。