A deep trench super-junction LDMOS with double charge compensation layer

A deep trench super-junction LDMOS with double charge compensation layer(DC DT SJ LDMOS)is proposed in this paper.Due to the capacitance effect of the deep trench which is known as silicon-insulator-silicon(SIS)capacitance,the charge balance in the super-junction region of the conventional deep trench SJ LDMOS(Con.DT SJ LDMOS)device will be broken,resulting in breakdown voltage(BV)of the device drops.DC DT SJ LDMOS solves the SIS capacitance effect by adding a vertical variable doped charge compensation layer and a triangular charge compensation layer inside the Con.DT SJ LDMOS device.Therefore,the drift region reaches an ideal charge balance state again.The electric field is optimized by double charge compensation and gate field plate so that the breakdown voltage of the proposed device is improved sharply,meanwhile the enlarged on-current region reduces its specific on-resistance.The simulation results show that compared with the Con.DT SJ LD-MOS,the BV of the DC DT SJ LDMOS has been increased from 549.5 to 705.5 V,and the R_(on,sp) decreased to 23.7 mΩ·cm^(2).

Carbon decorated Li_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) for high-rate lithium-ion batteries:Electrochemical performance and charge compensation mechanism

Fast charging and high-power delivering batteries are highly demanded in mobile electronics,electric vehicles and grid energy storage,but there are full of challenges.The star-material Li_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) is demonstrated as a promising high-rate cathode material meeting the above requirements.Herein,we report the carbon decorated Li_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) (LVP/C) cathode prepared via a facile method,which displays a remarkable high-rate capability and long-term cycling performance.Briefly,the prepared LVP/C delivers a high discharge capacity of 122 mAh g^(-1)(-93% of the theoretical capacity) at a high rate up to 20 C and a superior capacity retention of 87.1% after 1000 cycles.Importantly,by applying a combination of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and full-range mapping of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering,we clearly elucidate the structural and chemical evolutions of LVP upon various potentials and cycle numbers.We show unambiguous spectroscopic evidences that the evolution of the hybridization strength between V and O in LVP/C as a consequence of lithiation/delithiation is highly reversible both in the bulk and on the surface during the discharge-charge processes even over extended cycles,which should be responsible for the remarkable electrochemical performance of LVP/C.Our present study provides not only an effective synthesis strategy but also deeper insights into the surface and bulk electrochemical reaction mechanism of LVP,which should be beneficial for the further design of high-performance LVP electrode materials.

Optically controlled SiCGe/SiC heterojunction transistor with charge-compensation layer

A novel optically controlled SiCGe/SiC heterojunction transistor with charge-compensation technique has been simulated by using commercial simulator. This paper discusses the electric field distribution, spectral response and transient response of the device. Due to utilizing p-SiCGe charge-compensation layer, the responsivity increases nearly two times and breakdown voltage increases 33%. The switching characteristic illustrates that the device is latch-free and its fall time is much longer than the rise time. With an increase of the light power density and wavelength, the rise time and fall time will become shorter and longer, respectively. In terms of carrier lifetime, a compromise should be made between the responsivity and switching speed, the ratio of them reaches maximum value when the minority carrier lifetime equals 90 ns.

Charge compensation and capacity fading in LiCoO2 at high voltage investigated by soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy

In order to obtain an in-depth insight into the mechanism of charge compensation and capacity fading in LiCoO2, the evolution of electronic structure of LiCoO2 at different cutoff voltages and after different cycles are studied by soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy in total electron（TEY） and fluorescence（TFY） detection modes, which provide surface and bulk information, respectively. The spectra of Co L2,3-edge indicate that Co contributes to charge compensation below 4.4 V.Combining with the spectra of O K-edge, it manifests that only O contributes to electron compensation above 4.4 V with the formation of local O 2 p holes both on the surface and in the bulk, where the surficial O evolves more remarkably. The evolution of the O 2 p holes gives an explanation to the origin of O2^-or even O2. A comparison between the TEY and TFY of O K-edge spectra of LiCoO2 cycled in a range from 3 V to 4.6 V indicates both the structural change in the bulk and aggregation of lithium salts on the electrode surface are responsible for the capacity fading. However, the latter is found to play a more important role after many cycles.

Modeling of high permittivity insulator structure with interface charge by charge compensation

An analytical model of the power metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET)with high permittivity insulator structure(HKMOS)with interface charge is established based on superposition and developed for optimization by charge compensation.In light of charge compensation,the disturbance aroused by interface charge is efficiently compromised by introducing extra charge for maximizing breakdown voltage(BV)and minimizing specific ON-resistance(R_(on,sp)).From this optimization method,it is very efficient to obtain the design parameters to overcome the difficulty in implementing the R_(on,sp)–BV trade-off for quick design.The analytical results prove that in the HKMOS with positive or negative interface charge at a given length of drift region,the extraction of the parameters is qualitatively and quantitatively optimized for trading off BV and Ron,sp with JFET effect taken into account.

Unveiling the mechanism of charge compensation in Li_(2)Ru_(x)Mn_(1-x)O_(3)by tracking atomic structural evolution

The relationship between the structural evolution and redox of Li-rich transition-metal layered oxides(LLOs)cathodes remains ambiguous,obstructing the development of high-performance lithium-ion(Li^(+))battery.Herein,the coherent effects of local atomic and electronic structure in Li_(2)Ru_(x)Mn_(1-x)O_(3)(LRMO)with a wide voltage window(1.3–4.8 V)is identified by in situ X-ray absorption fine spectroscopy(XAFS)and chemometrics.We not only skillfully separated the redox active structures to track the electrochemical path,but also visualized the coupling mechanism between the evolution of Ru-Ru dimer and the(de)excitation of cations and anions.Furthermore,introducing manganese triggers the“heterogeneity”of coordination environment and electronic structure between Ru and Mn after discharge to 3 V.The change of thermodynamic and kinetic paths affects the relithiation,and further leads to the hysteresis of the anion activation structure relaxation of Li_(2)Ru_(0.4)Mn_(0.6)O_(3)relative to Li_(2)RuO_(3)(LRO).Additionally,it is demonstrated that the high charge cut-off voltage restrains the relaxation of anionic active structure in LRO from a new perspective through comparative experiments.Our work associates the evolution of atomic structure with charge compensation and negative electrochemical reactions such as voltage hysteresis(VH)and capacity attenuation,deepening the understanding electrochemical reaction mechanism of LLOs during the first cycle and providing a theoretical support for the further design and synthesis of high-efficiency cathodes.

Spatial charge and compensation method in a whirler

Based on particle-in-cell simulation, we studied the motions of ions and electrons. The results have shown that electrons are bounded by a magnetic field and only a small number of electrons can pass through the whirler channel. The plasma becomes non-neutral when it is emitted from the whirler, and the spatial charge leads to a beam divergence, which is unfavorable for mass separation. In order to compensate the spatial charge, a cathode is designed to transmit electrons and the quasi-neutral plasma beam. Experiment results have demonstrated that the auxiliary cathode can obviously improve the compensation degree of the spatial charge.

ONLINE GRINDING WHEEL WEAR COMPENSATION BY IMAGE BASED MEASURING TECHNIQUES

Automatic compensation of grinding wheel wear in dry grinding is accomplished by an image based online measurement method. A kind of PC-based charge-coupled device image recognition system is schemed out, which detects the topography changes of the grinding wheel surface. Profile data, which corresponds to the wear and the topography, is measured by using a digital image processing method. The grinding wheel wear is evalualed by analyzing the position deviation of the grinding wheel edge. The online wear compensation is achieved according to the measure results. The precise detection and automatic compensation system is integrated into an open structure CNC curve grinding machine. A practical application is carried out to fulfil the precision curve grinding. The experimental results confirm the benefits of the proposed techniques, and the online detection accuracy is less than 5 um. The grinding machine provides higher precision according to the in-process grinding wheel error compensation.

空间约束下电动汽车无线充电系统磁耦合结构优化

电动汽车无线充电系统在尺寸大小与位置偏移等因素的影响下,会导致系统传输能力下降。为了在空间约束条件下提升系统的输出功率、传输效率及抗偏移能力,针对位置偏移与底盘高度不同的实际情况,在经典D4线圈的基础上分别设计了收发端非对称D4和收发端非对称D4Q双层线圈磁耦合结构,以提高耦合系数和抗偏移能力。在不同方向的偏移和旋转的情况进行仿真测试,表明收发端非对称D4Q双层线圈在出现横向偏移300 mm、纵向偏移400 mm、传输距离230 mm和旋转偏移45°以内具备无线电能传输能力。通过搭建实验平台对偏移进行测试与验证,结果表明,所提出的收发端非对称D4Q磁耦合结构的最大输出功率相对于收发端对称D4磁耦合结构增加约60.34%,最大传输效率增大11%。

建筑电气节能系统的谐振抑制方法研究

文章建立谐振拓扑模型,提出整流电路、逆变电路以及无线电能传输系统线圈的设计方案,并对线圈传输效率进行分析。结果表明,系统整体性能受耦合线圈参数值的影响较大。因此,需要调整品质因数与耦合系数值来提高系统整体性能,通过仿真验证实验电路的可靠性和可行性。

电动汽车无线充电系统中弯道互感优化研究

针对采用感应耦合电能传输技术的电动汽车无线充电过程中,汽车内部的能量拾取线圈在转弯过程中互感下降问题,提出使用内嵌入圆形线圈进行补偿,并通过遗传算法、理论推导和仿真验证,得到了补偿线圈最优化匝数和统一规格参数。通过搭建COMSOL Multiphysics平台、MATLAB/Simulink平台结合的仿真平台和实物实验平台,实验数据证实:在转弯时采用内嵌圆形线圈进行补偿,优化补偿后互感波动保持在±0.4%左右,由于互感波动的平稳,使得电动汽车能量拾取系统电压优化补偿后波动为3.6%。

考虑EV充放电意愿的园区综合能源系统双层优化调度

随着电动汽车(electric vehicle,EV)普及度的不断提高,工业园区内的EV用户日益增多,其充放电行为给园区综合能源系统(park integrated energy system,PIES)的规划运行带来极大挑战。文中提出考虑EV充放电意愿的PIES双层优化调度。首先,基于动态实时电价、电池荷电量、电池损耗补偿、额外参与激励等因素建立充放电意愿模型,在此基础上得到改进的EV充放电模型;然后,以PIES总成本最小和EV充电费用最小为目标建立双层优化调度模型,通过Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)条件将内层模型转化为外层模型的约束条件,从而快速稳定地实现单层模型的求解;最后,进行仿真求解,设置3种不同场景,对比所提模型与一般充放电意愿模型,验证了文中所提引入EV充放电意愿模型的PIES双层优化调度的有效性和可行性。

用于石窟岩体裂隙防渗的偏高岭土复合灌浆材料水化性能研究

偏高岭土复合灌浆材料是一种在水泥中大比例掺入偏高岭土的无机灌浆料,被应用于石窟岩体裂隙防渗灌浆工程领域。本文通过水化热、XRD、FTIR、SEM-EDX测试手段研究了二元和三元偏高岭土复合灌浆材料的水化过程及产物特征,并结合力学性能及水溶盐测试分析了该材料应用于石窟裂隙灌浆的可行性。结果表明,大比例掺入偏高岭土的水泥材料反应程度较低,但偏高岭土的稀释效应、火山灰反应以及活性Al的电荷补偿效应对降低水溶液盐碱含量起到积极作用。硅灰的掺入能提升三元复合灌浆材料的水化程度及力学强度,然而水化产物Al/Si的降低不利于K^(+)、Na^(+)吸附。偏高岭土复合灌浆材料在石窟水害治理中是一种相比普通硅酸盐水泥更加安全的材料,与石窟环境具有更好的兼容性;作为辅助胶凝材料,偏高岭土在减少K^(+)、Na^(+)浸出方面相比硅灰更有优势。

证券民事赔偿的公法激励:行政执法和解与恢复性刑事司法的应用

公权处置前置和集体行动困境不是阻碍我国证券民事赔偿责任实现的主因。实践案例显示,公权处置前置带来的“罚先赔后”“赔偿不足”是导致投资者消极行权的重要因素。对此,可以发掘公法的激励机制,促进、保障受害投资者民事利益优先实现。证券行政执法和解的和解金优先赔偿投资者、嗣后盈余上缴国库,能够保障投资者损失优先受偿。我国目前适用该制度的案件数量偏少,立法对和解金的性质和地位界定不清。对此,应在公私法融合的背景下建立对和解金的独立认识,在和解金谈判中尽可能实现对受害投资者的足额补偿。将被害人利益置于核心地位的恢复性司法也具有保障受害投资者民事利益实现的效能。刑事责任减让能够激励犯罪人在个人财产之外筹措资金,缓解可供执行财产不足的问题。刑事责任的减让须与犯罪人的赔偿能力关联起来,同时考察市场秩序法益的恢复程度,保持惩罚、预防功能的总量守恒。

直流充电桩电能计量关键技术设计

针对当前直流(DC)充电桩电能计量存在计量效率低、误差大、电源纹波大、无法远程监控的问题,设计了充电桩计量电路。通过硬件乘法器级联原理实现三相交流有功功率的瞬时值硬件电路,能够快速获取交流(AC)有功功率在时域上输出的数据信息。将原始的多种信息输出变成单一的DC信号,为双通道模数转换器(ADC)同步测量提供了μs级别的AC有功功率信号。通过增量补偿控制输出模块对电网电压和实际输出电压的差值进行补偿,提高了充电桩测试电源的精度。DC充电桩能够远程无线通信,实现了多地区多客户端界面和现场操作终端界面的操作流程和数据的实时同步,大幅提升了DC充电桩电能计量能力。试验结果证明,该设计误差低、计量效率高。

具有LC串联补偿拓扑结构的无线充电系统的约束效率优化

开发基于感应功率传输的无线充电系统是一个很有前途的研究领域。本研究的目的在于,在给定谐振频率和给定发射线圈和接收线圈之间距离的情况下,优化具有LC串联补偿拓扑结构的无线充电系统的约束效率。这些约束反映了线圈的尺寸限制、输入电压限制下所需的传输功率,以及部件上的过电压。为了达到目标,制定了优化标准。已经为频域中优化标准的每个组件建立了对无线充电系统谐振电路参数的依赖性。由于这些依赖关系看起来非常复杂,在给定的情况下利用参数之间的联系,并采用最小二乘法的切比雪夫多项式近似,它们在优化任务中被简化为一个变量。因此,理论上已经获得了指示优化标准满足的谐振电路参数。利用为电动卡车ET-20132专门制造的无线充电系统对所提出的约束效率优化方法进行了实验验证。实验和理论的比较表明,它们在谐振频率上具有良好的收敛性,由数学模型中的假设引起的谐振频率偏差是可接受的。经实验证明,无线充电系统的效率为91%。

新能源汽车准快速充电装置抑制纹波电压方法研究

本文主要研究增加有源电力滤波器功能的新能源汽车准快速充电装置。分析增大新能源汽车交流充电装置充电功率后,充电器内纹波电压产生的机理以及危害。通过在充电装置内并联有源电力滤波器的方式,通过低通滤波器提取纹波电压后补偿抑制充电时产生的纹波电流。通过模拟测试后的结果分析,可以有效降低纹波电压的产生。

碱金属离子共掺Sr_(3)Ga_(2)Ge_(4)O_(14)∶Dy^(3+)发光性能研究

本文采用高温固相法制备了一系列新型Sr_(3-x)Ga_(2)Ge_(4)O_(14)∶xDy^(3+)(x=0~0.40)(摩尔分数)及Sr_(2.68)Ga_(2)Ge_(4)O_(14)∶0.16Dy^(3+),0.16M^(+)(M=Li、Na、K)荧光粉。EDS能谱分析证实该荧光粉中存在Sr、Ga、Ge、O、Dy元素。系列Sr_(3-x)Ga_(2)Ge_(4)O_(14)∶xDy^(3+)在350 nm光激发下产生了以568 nm为主波长,对应于^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(13/2)跃迁的强黄光发射。荧光粉的发射光谱显示,其发射强度随Dy^(3+)浓度的增加而变化,且当x=0.16时达到最强。共掺杂碱金属M(M=Li、Na、K)作为电荷补偿离子,其中Li^(+)对增加Dy^(3+)的发射强度效果最明显,使得荧光粉的发射强度提高到没有电荷补偿离子时的2倍。此外,随着Dy3+掺杂浓度的提高,荧光粉的荧光寿命不断减少。最后探讨了荧光粉Sr_(2.68)Ga_(2)Ge_(4)O_(14)∶0.16Dy^(3+),0.16Li^(+)的CIE色度坐标和热稳定性,其CIE色度坐标为(0.3719,0.4046),位于黄色区域,在453 K的发光强度约为其室温发光强度的95.5%。因此,Dy^(3+),Li^(+)共掺杂Sr_(3-x)Ga_(2)Ge_(4)O_(14)荧光粉是潜在的显示器件和白光LED器件候选材料。

关于电动自行车用充电器充电制式检测方法的研究

电池的多样性导致了充电制式的多样性。对一款未知充电器的充电制式,特别是当充电制式有多个充电阶段,且每个阶段有多个跳转条件的智能型充电器,需测试其充电曲线,了解该充电器的充电制式分为几个阶段,且每个阶段是什么模式,然后对每个阶段的具体参数进行针对性的检测。经过对多种不同充电器的各个阶段的参数及跳转条件的研究,笔者找到了一种检测方法。使用直流电子负载模拟电池,通过恒流工作模式、恒压工作模式、恒阻工作模式、恒功率工作模式,对不同的充电条件进行设置,能任意控制电流、电压的时长,从而在检测出所需的参数的同时,大幅度缩短检测周期。

Luminescence enhancement of CaMoO_(4):Eu^(3+) phosphor by charge compensation using microwave sintering method

CaMoO_(4):Eu^(3+)and CaMoO_(4):Eu^(3+),A+(A=Li,Na,K)phosphors for light-emitting diode(LED)applications have been prepared by microwave sintering method(MSM),and their structure and luminescence properties are investigated.The influences of microwave reaction time and concentration of different kinds of charge compensation A+and Eu^(3+)on luminescence have also been discussed.The samples emit a red luminescence at 615 nm attributed to the^(5)D0→^(7)F2 transition of Eu^(3+)under 464 nm excitation.It is observed that adding charge compensation A+in the sample synthesis increases luminescence intensity.The optimized sample made with 32 mol%Li+and 32 mol%Eu^(3+)has an enhancement factor of 4 in photoluminescence compared to the sample made without charge compensation.The CIE(Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage)coordinates of Ca0.36MoO_(4):0.32Eu^(3+),0.32Li+are x=0.661 and y=0.339,which indicate that the obtained phosphor can be a promising red color candidate for white LED fabrications.