TET(Ten-eleven translocation)蛋白家族共有3个成员,分别为TET1、TET2和TET3,均属于α-酮戊二酸(α-KG)和Fe2+依赖的双加氧酶,可以将5-甲基胞嘧啶(5-methylcytosine,5 m C)氧化为5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(5-hydroxymethylcytosine,5 hm C)、5-...TET(Ten-eleven translocation)蛋白家族共有3个成员,分别为TET1、TET2和TET3,均属于α-酮戊二酸(α-KG)和Fe2+依赖的双加氧酶,可以将5-甲基胞嘧啶(5-methylcytosine,5 m C)氧化为5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(5-hydroxymethylcytosine,5 hm C)、5-甲酰基胞嘧啶(5-formylcytosine,5 f C)及5-羧基胞嘧啶(5-carboxylcytosine,5 ca C)。研究表明,TET蛋白通过不同机制以主动或被动的方式调控DNA去甲基化,且去甲基化的活性可能受其他因子的调控。TET蛋白广泛参与哺乳动物发育过程的调节,其中在原始生殖细胞的形成、胚胎发育、干细胞多能性及神经和脑发育等方面发挥了重要作用。TET蛋白生物功能的发现为表观遗传学研究开辟了全新的研究领域,而且相关研究结果对拓展生命科学研究具有重要意义。文章综述了TET蛋白家族的结构、去甲基化分子机制及在小鼠发育过程中的作用,为深入了解TET蛋白的功能提供理论基础。展开更多
TET蛋白是一种α-酮戊二酸/Fe2+依赖的双加氧酶家族,可以氧化5-甲基胞嘧啶(5mC)产生5-羟基甲基胞嘧啶(5hmC)、5-甲酰基胞嘧啶(5fC)和5-羧基胞嘧啶(5caC)。TET蛋白在DNA去甲基化过程中发挥关键作用,并参与哺乳动物早期发育过程。现在被...TET蛋白是一种α-酮戊二酸/Fe2+依赖的双加氧酶家族,可以氧化5-甲基胞嘧啶(5mC)产生5-羟基甲基胞嘧啶(5hmC)、5-甲酰基胞嘧啶(5fC)和5-羧基胞嘧啶(5caC)。TET蛋白在DNA去甲基化过程中发挥关键作用,并参与哺乳动物早期发育过程。现在被广泛认可的一种途径是TET蛋白氧化5mC,接着由胸腺嘧啶糖苷酶(thymine DNA glycosylase,TDG)氧化5fC、5caC,且TDG更易切割5caC,最后经过碱基切除修复得到未被修饰的胞嘧啶,达到去甲基化的目的。去甲基化过程中调控方式主要包括调节TET蛋白水平和调节代谢产物及辅助因子。作者主要对胚胎发育前后去甲基化的作用进行了阐述。展开更多
In plants, demethylation of 5-methylcytosine (5 mC) residues is controlled by DNA glycosylases, while in mammals it requires oxidation of 5 mC by TET proteins, a group of Fe(II)/2-oxoglutaratedependent dioxygenases. W...In plants, demethylation of 5-methylcytosine (5 mC) residues is controlled by DNA glycosylases, while in mammals it requires oxidation of 5 mC by TET proteins, a group of Fe(II)/2-oxoglutaratedependent dioxygenases. We analysed the effects of expressing the C-terminal catalytic domain of the human TET3 gene (TET3c) in Arabidopsis thaliana, using an rDNA region as a methylation reporter. In TET3c transformants, epialleles with hypomethylation or hypermethylation patterns can be induced, which is each stably retained in progeny lines even after removal of the TET3c transgene. In TET3c transformants, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5 hmC) marks are detected, indicative of the oxidative activity of the transgenic enzyme. 5-formylcytosine (5 fC) is only detectable in TET3c transformants with a DNA glycosylase mutant background suggesting further oxidation of 5 hmC residues to 5 fC by TET3c, and efficient recognition and removal of 5 fC by plant glycosylases. The results suggest that TET3c can be employed to induce heritable locus-specific changes in DNA methylation, and that accumulation of 5 hmC can be used as a marker for TET3c target regions.展开更多
Trigeminal inflammatory pain is one of the most severe pain-related disorders in humans;however,the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.In this study,we investigated the possible contribution of interaction b...Trigeminal inflammatory pain is one of the most severe pain-related disorders in humans;however,the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.In this study,we investigated the possible contribution of interaction between ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1(TET1)and the voltage-gated K^(+)channel Kv7.2(encoded by Kcnq2)to orofacial inflammatory pain in mice.We found that complete Freund’s adjuvant(CFA)injection reduced the expression of Kcnq2/Kv7.2 in the trigeminal ganglion(TG)and induced orofacial inflammatory pain.The involvement of Kv7.2 in CFA-induced orofacial pain was further confirmed by Kv7.2 knockdown or overexpression.Moreover,TET1 knockdown in Tet1^(flox/flox)mice significantly reduced the expression of Kv7.2 and M currents in the TG and led to pain-like behaviors.Conversely,TET1 overexpression by lentivirus rescued the CFA-induced decreases of Kcnq2 and M currents and alleviated mechanical allodynia.Our data suggest that TET1 is implicated in CFA-induced trigeminal inflammatory pain by positively regulating Kv7.2 in TG neurons.展开更多
文摘TET(Ten-eleven translocation)蛋白家族共有3个成员,分别为TET1、TET2和TET3,均属于α-酮戊二酸(α-KG)和Fe2+依赖的双加氧酶,可以将5-甲基胞嘧啶(5-methylcytosine,5 m C)氧化为5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(5-hydroxymethylcytosine,5 hm C)、5-甲酰基胞嘧啶(5-formylcytosine,5 f C)及5-羧基胞嘧啶(5-carboxylcytosine,5 ca C)。研究表明,TET蛋白通过不同机制以主动或被动的方式调控DNA去甲基化,且去甲基化的活性可能受其他因子的调控。TET蛋白广泛参与哺乳动物发育过程的调节,其中在原始生殖细胞的形成、胚胎发育、干细胞多能性及神经和脑发育等方面发挥了重要作用。TET蛋白生物功能的发现为表观遗传学研究开辟了全新的研究领域,而且相关研究结果对拓展生命科学研究具有重要意义。文章综述了TET蛋白家族的结构、去甲基化分子机制及在小鼠发育过程中的作用,为深入了解TET蛋白的功能提供理论基础。
文摘TET蛋白是一种α-酮戊二酸/Fe2+依赖的双加氧酶家族,可以氧化5-甲基胞嘧啶(5mC)产生5-羟基甲基胞嘧啶(5hmC)、5-甲酰基胞嘧啶(5fC)和5-羧基胞嘧啶(5caC)。TET蛋白在DNA去甲基化过程中发挥关键作用,并参与哺乳动物早期发育过程。现在被广泛认可的一种途径是TET蛋白氧化5mC,接着由胸腺嘧啶糖苷酶(thymine DNA glycosylase,TDG)氧化5fC、5caC,且TDG更易切割5caC,最后经过碱基切除修复得到未被修饰的胞嘧啶,达到去甲基化的目的。去甲基化过程中调控方式主要包括调节TET蛋白水平和调节代谢产物及辅助因子。作者主要对胚胎发育前后去甲基化的作用进行了阐述。
文摘In plants, demethylation of 5-methylcytosine (5 mC) residues is controlled by DNA glycosylases, while in mammals it requires oxidation of 5 mC by TET proteins, a group of Fe(II)/2-oxoglutaratedependent dioxygenases. We analysed the effects of expressing the C-terminal catalytic domain of the human TET3 gene (TET3c) in Arabidopsis thaliana, using an rDNA region as a methylation reporter. In TET3c transformants, epialleles with hypomethylation or hypermethylation patterns can be induced, which is each stably retained in progeny lines even after removal of the TET3c transgene. In TET3c transformants, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5 hmC) marks are detected, indicative of the oxidative activity of the transgenic enzyme. 5-formylcytosine (5 fC) is only detectable in TET3c transformants with a DNA glycosylase mutant background suggesting further oxidation of 5 hmC residues to 5 fC by TET3c, and efficient recognition and removal of 5 fC by plant glycosylases. The results suggest that TET3c can be employed to induce heritable locus-specific changes in DNA methylation, and that accumulation of 5 hmC can be used as a marker for TET3c target regions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81771195 and 81971061)the Program for Innovative Research Team in Universities of Henan Province(22IRTSTHN028).
文摘Trigeminal inflammatory pain is one of the most severe pain-related disorders in humans;however,the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.In this study,we investigated the possible contribution of interaction between ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1(TET1)and the voltage-gated K^(+)channel Kv7.2(encoded by Kcnq2)to orofacial inflammatory pain in mice.We found that complete Freund’s adjuvant(CFA)injection reduced the expression of Kcnq2/Kv7.2 in the trigeminal ganglion(TG)and induced orofacial inflammatory pain.The involvement of Kv7.2 in CFA-induced orofacial pain was further confirmed by Kv7.2 knockdown or overexpression.Moreover,TET1 knockdown in Tet1^(flox/flox)mice significantly reduced the expression of Kv7.2 and M currents in the TG and led to pain-like behaviors.Conversely,TET1 overexpression by lentivirus rescued the CFA-induced decreases of Kcnq2 and M currents and alleviated mechanical allodynia.Our data suggest that TET1 is implicated in CFA-induced trigeminal inflammatory pain by positively regulating Kv7.2 in TG neurons.
