功率控制系统(Power Control System,PCS)是反应堆控制系统(Reactor Control System,RCS)的重要组成部分,它完成功率提升、功率保持与功率调节的作用。在钍基熔盐堆(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor,TMSR)核能系统固态堆设计方案中,功率控...功率控制系统(Power Control System,PCS)是反应堆控制系统(Reactor Control System,RCS)的重要组成部分,它完成功率提升、功率保持与功率调节的作用。在钍基熔盐堆(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor,TMSR)核能系统固态堆设计方案中,功率控制器根据实测功率与设定功率值之间的偏差和偏差的变化趋势,按照经典的比例-积分-微分(Proportional Integral Derivative,PID)控制算法,给出调节控制棒的运动距离和运动方向等信号。PCS的PID算法设计与基于反应堆中子物理、热工及控制棒的传动性能构成的闭环控制系统的特性有关,其不同参数的确定与系统的静态和动态性能指标的要求相对应。本文从控制的角度出发,在已有的控制棒样机中设计的棒控棒位系统及相关中子物理的基础上对PCS的PID算法进行多层次仿真与参数分析,并对系统的可控性与可测性进行分析验证。分析及仿真结果表明两种控制模型下的系统均是完全可控及完全可测的,在合适的PID参数集下均能体现响应的快速性及系统的良好鲁棒性和抗干扰能力,具有实际的应用意义。展开更多
中子动态参数的准确分析与反应堆的安全特性紧密相关。固态燃料钍基熔盐实验堆(Thorium-based Molten Salt experiment Reactor with Solid Fuel,TMSR-SF1)作为第四代新堆型,采用蒙特卡罗输运程序计算其动态参数更有利于核安全评审。本...中子动态参数的准确分析与反应堆的安全特性紧密相关。固态燃料钍基熔盐实验堆(Thorium-based Molten Salt experiment Reactor with Solid Fuel,TMSR-SF1)作为第四代新堆型,采用蒙特卡罗输运程序计算其动态参数更有利于核安全评审。本文基于较通用的蒙特卡罗多粒子输运(Monte Carlo N Particle Transport Code,MCNP)程序,植入了动态参数直接统计方法,用于计算TMSR-SF1中的有效缓发中子份额和有效中子代时间。通过多个ICSBEP(International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project)基准题的检验,计算结果与基准题实验误差在±5%以内,证明了该方法的准确性。运用该方法计算得到TMSR-SF1中6组有效缓发中子份额和有效中子代时间随燃耗深度的变化,其计算结果与采用MCNP共轭通量方法所得的数据误差在±3%以内,证明该方法用于TMSR-SF1的动态参数分析是合理可靠的。展开更多
基于最新发布的评价核数据库ENDF/B-VII.1,简要介绍了利用标准程序NJOY加工固态燃料钍基熔盐堆(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor-Solid Fuel,TMSR-SF)中子能谱测量所需温度下多群截面库的过程。详细分析了两个典型的核素加工所得核反应道...基于最新发布的评价核数据库ENDF/B-VII.1,简要介绍了利用标准程序NJOY加工固态燃料钍基熔盐堆(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor-Solid Fuel,TMSR-SF)中子能谱测量所需温度下多群截面库的过程。详细分析了两个典型的核素加工所得核反应道的多群截面与温度的关系,并将不同温度下的截面库用于中子能谱测量,分析了中子能谱测量结果的误差与温度所引起截面库变化的关系。结果表明,不同类型核反应道的截面所受温度影响不同,特别是核素对超热中子的截面存在共振峰问题受温度影响最大,这是由于多普勒效应影响,所以中子能谱测量结果受核反应道选择的影响符合物理规律,加工所得873 K下的核截面库可用于TMSR-SF相关中子能谱测量。展开更多
The solid-fueled thorium molten salt reactor(TMSR-SF1) is a 10 MW_(th) test reactor design to be deployed in 5-10 years by the TMSR group.Its design combines coated particle fuel and molten FLiBe coolant for great int...The solid-fueled thorium molten salt reactor(TMSR-SF1) is a 10 MW_(th) test reactor design to be deployed in 5-10 years by the TMSR group.Its design combines coated particle fuel and molten FLiBe coolant for great intrinsic safety features and economic advantages.Due to a large amount of beryllium in the coolant salt,photoneutrons are produced by(y,n) reaction,hence the increasing fraction of effective delayed neutrons in the core by the photoneutrons originating from the long-lived fission products.Some of the delayed photoneutron groups are of long lifetime,so a direct effect is resulted in the transient process and reactivity measurement.To study the impact of photoneutrons for TMSR-SF1,the effective photoneutron fraction is estimated using k-ratio method and performed by the Monte Carlo code(MCNP5) with ENDF/B-Ⅶ cross sections.Based on the coupled neutronphoton point kinetics equations,influence of the photoneutrons is analyzed.The results show that the impact of photoneutrons is not negligible in reactivity measurement.Without considering photoneutrons in on-line reactivity measurement based on inverse point kinetics can result in overestimation of the positive reactivity and underestimation of the negative reactivity.The photoneutrons also lead to more waiting time for the doubling time measurement.Since the photoneutron precursors take extremely long time to achieve equilibrium,a "steady" power operation may not directly imply a "real" criticality.展开更多
The solid fuel thorium molten salt reactor(TMSR-SF1) is a 10-MWth fluoride-cooled pebble bed reactor. As a new reactor concept, one of the major limiting factors to reactor lifetime is radiation-induced material damag...The solid fuel thorium molten salt reactor(TMSR-SF1) is a 10-MWth fluoride-cooled pebble bed reactor. As a new reactor concept, one of the major limiting factors to reactor lifetime is radiation-induced material damage. The fast neutron flux(E > 0.1 MeV) can be used to assess possible radiation damage. Hence, a method for calculating high-resolution fast neutron flux distribution of the full-scale TMSR-SF1 reactor is required. In this study,a two-step subsection approach based on MCNP5 involving a global variance reduction method, referred to as forward-weighted consistent adjoint-driven importance sampling, was implemented to provide fast neutron flux distribution throughout the TMSR-SF1 facility. In addition,instead of using the general source specification cards, the user-provided SOURCE subroutine in MCNP5 source code was employed to implement a source biasing technique specialized for TMSR-SF1. In contrast to the one-step analog approach, the two-step subsection approach eliminates zero-scored mesh tally cells and obtains tally results with extremely uniform and low relative uncertainties.Furthermore, the maximum fast neutron fluxes of the main components in TMSR-SF1 are provided, which can be used for radiation damage assessment of the structural materials.展开更多
In order to comply with discharge standards, a gas–solid separator is used to remove solid particles from the thorium molten salt reactor-solid fuel (TMSR-SF) system. As a key component, it directly determines system...In order to comply with discharge standards, a gas–solid separator is used to remove solid particles from the thorium molten salt reactor-solid fuel (TMSR-SF) system. As a key component, it directly determines system energy efficiency. However, current gas–solid separators, based on activated carbon adsorption technology, result in high pressure drops and increased maintenance costs. In the present study, a new combined gas–solid separator was developed for the TMSR-SF. Based on a simplified computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, the gas–solid twophase flow and the motion trajectory of solid particles were simulated for this new separator using commercial ANSYS 16.0 software. The flow and separation mechanism for this structure were also been discussed in terms of their velocity effects and pressure field distributions, and then the structure was optimized based on the influence of key structural parameters on pressure and separation efficiency. The results showed that the standard k–ε model could be achieved and accurately simulated the new combined separator. In this new combined gas–solid separator, coarse particles are separated in the first stage using rotating centrifugal motion, and then fine particles are filtered in the second stage, giving a separation efficiency of up to 96.11%. The optimum blade inclination angle and numbers were calculated to be 45° and four, respectively. It implicated that the combined separator could be of great significance in a wide variety of applications.展开更多
传统核能仿真系统一般采用基于物理机的分布式服务部署,存在资源利用率低、部署和扩展难度大等问题。本文结合云计算平台具有弹性资源调度、敏捷运维等优点,提出一种分层级、模块化的钍基熔盐堆(Thorium-based Molten Salt Reactor,TMSR...传统核能仿真系统一般采用基于物理机的分布式服务部署,存在资源利用率低、部署和扩展难度大等问题。本文结合云计算平台具有弹性资源调度、敏捷运维等优点,提出一种分层级、模块化的钍基熔盐堆(Thorium-based Molten Salt Reactor,TMSR)核能系统云仿真平台系统架构。通过搭建TMSR云仿真试验平台,验证基于开源云操作系统框架Open Stack构建TMSR云仿真平台的技术可行性。将分布式服务部署的固态燃料钍基熔盐实验堆(Thorium-based Molten Salt Experimental Reactor-Solid Fuel,TMSR-SF1)工程仿真机各功能模块迁移到TMSR云仿真试验平台,实现基于云计算的服务部署,用户可通过Web端访问TMSR-SF1仿真服务。仿真运行测试结果表明:TMSR云仿真试验平台可在整个软件生命周期内敏捷、高效地为用户按需提供TMSR-SF1仿真资源,可实现仿真系统快速、灵活地部署和重构。展开更多
出入控制系统是进入核能控制区域的屏障,本文介绍了基于EPICS软件包实现的钍基熔盐堆核能项目(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor,TMSR)放化控制区域出入控制系统的软件设计。通过新的设备驱动、数据库结构、软件接口和人机界面的开发,实现...出入控制系统是进入核能控制区域的屏障,本文介绍了基于EPICS软件包实现的钍基熔盐堆核能项目(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor,TMSR)放化控制区域出入控制系统的软件设计。通过新的设备驱动、数据库结构、软件接口和人机界面的开发,实现了该系统身份验证、污染报警、个人计量统计和事件记录等功能。使用EPICS软件包实现该系统,不仅可以降低成本,减少该系统对设备厂商的依赖性,最重要的是实现了TMSR实验堆项目仪控系统软件构架的统一。该系统软件开发已经过测试验收,证明其功能和可靠性均能满足设计要求,本文还对系统安全性方面的提高展开讨论。展开更多
文摘功率控制系统(Power Control System,PCS)是反应堆控制系统(Reactor Control System,RCS)的重要组成部分,它完成功率提升、功率保持与功率调节的作用。在钍基熔盐堆(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor,TMSR)核能系统固态堆设计方案中,功率控制器根据实测功率与设定功率值之间的偏差和偏差的变化趋势,按照经典的比例-积分-微分(Proportional Integral Derivative,PID)控制算法,给出调节控制棒的运动距离和运动方向等信号。PCS的PID算法设计与基于反应堆中子物理、热工及控制棒的传动性能构成的闭环控制系统的特性有关,其不同参数的确定与系统的静态和动态性能指标的要求相对应。本文从控制的角度出发,在已有的控制棒样机中设计的棒控棒位系统及相关中子物理的基础上对PCS的PID算法进行多层次仿真与参数分析,并对系统的可控性与可测性进行分析验证。分析及仿真结果表明两种控制模型下的系统均是完全可控及完全可测的,在合适的PID参数集下均能体现响应的快速性及系统的良好鲁棒性和抗干扰能力,具有实际的应用意义。
文摘中子动态参数的准确分析与反应堆的安全特性紧密相关。固态燃料钍基熔盐实验堆(Thorium-based Molten Salt experiment Reactor with Solid Fuel,TMSR-SF1)作为第四代新堆型,采用蒙特卡罗输运程序计算其动态参数更有利于核安全评审。本文基于较通用的蒙特卡罗多粒子输运(Monte Carlo N Particle Transport Code,MCNP)程序,植入了动态参数直接统计方法,用于计算TMSR-SF1中的有效缓发中子份额和有效中子代时间。通过多个ICSBEP(International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project)基准题的检验,计算结果与基准题实验误差在±5%以内,证明了该方法的准确性。运用该方法计算得到TMSR-SF1中6组有效缓发中子份额和有效中子代时间随燃耗深度的变化,其计算结果与采用MCNP共轭通量方法所得的数据误差在±3%以内,证明该方法用于TMSR-SF1的动态参数分析是合理可靠的。
基金supported by the "Strategic Priority Research Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA02010000)the Frontier Science Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDY-SSW-JSC016)
文摘The solid-fueled thorium molten salt reactor(TMSR-SF1) is a 10 MW_(th) test reactor design to be deployed in 5-10 years by the TMSR group.Its design combines coated particle fuel and molten FLiBe coolant for great intrinsic safety features and economic advantages.Due to a large amount of beryllium in the coolant salt,photoneutrons are produced by(y,n) reaction,hence the increasing fraction of effective delayed neutrons in the core by the photoneutrons originating from the long-lived fission products.Some of the delayed photoneutron groups are of long lifetime,so a direct effect is resulted in the transient process and reactivity measurement.To study the impact of photoneutrons for TMSR-SF1,the effective photoneutron fraction is estimated using k-ratio method and performed by the Monte Carlo code(MCNP5) with ENDF/B-Ⅶ cross sections.Based on the coupled neutronphoton point kinetics equations,influence of the photoneutrons is analyzed.The results show that the impact of photoneutrons is not negligible in reactivity measurement.Without considering photoneutrons in on-line reactivity measurement based on inverse point kinetics can result in overestimation of the positive reactivity and underestimation of the negative reactivity.The photoneutrons also lead to more waiting time for the doubling time measurement.Since the photoneutron precursors take extremely long time to achieve equilibrium,a "steady" power operation may not directly imply a "real" criticality.
基金supported by the Chinese TMSR Strategic Pioneer Science and Technology Project(No.XDA02010000)the Frontier Science Key Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDY-SSW-JSC016)
文摘The solid fuel thorium molten salt reactor(TMSR-SF1) is a 10-MWth fluoride-cooled pebble bed reactor. As a new reactor concept, one of the major limiting factors to reactor lifetime is radiation-induced material damage. The fast neutron flux(E > 0.1 MeV) can be used to assess possible radiation damage. Hence, a method for calculating high-resolution fast neutron flux distribution of the full-scale TMSR-SF1 reactor is required. In this study,a two-step subsection approach based on MCNP5 involving a global variance reduction method, referred to as forward-weighted consistent adjoint-driven importance sampling, was implemented to provide fast neutron flux distribution throughout the TMSR-SF1 facility. In addition,instead of using the general source specification cards, the user-provided SOURCE subroutine in MCNP5 source code was employed to implement a source biasing technique specialized for TMSR-SF1. In contrast to the one-step analog approach, the two-step subsection approach eliminates zero-scored mesh tally cells and obtains tally results with extremely uniform and low relative uncertainties.Furthermore, the maximum fast neutron fluxes of the main components in TMSR-SF1 are provided, which can be used for radiation damage assessment of the structural materials.
文摘In order to comply with discharge standards, a gas–solid separator is used to remove solid particles from the thorium molten salt reactor-solid fuel (TMSR-SF) system. As a key component, it directly determines system energy efficiency. However, current gas–solid separators, based on activated carbon adsorption technology, result in high pressure drops and increased maintenance costs. In the present study, a new combined gas–solid separator was developed for the TMSR-SF. Based on a simplified computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, the gas–solid twophase flow and the motion trajectory of solid particles were simulated for this new separator using commercial ANSYS 16.0 software. The flow and separation mechanism for this structure were also been discussed in terms of their velocity effects and pressure field distributions, and then the structure was optimized based on the influence of key structural parameters on pressure and separation efficiency. The results showed that the standard k–ε model could be achieved and accurately simulated the new combined separator. In this new combined gas–solid separator, coarse particles are separated in the first stage using rotating centrifugal motion, and then fine particles are filtered in the second stage, giving a separation efficiency of up to 96.11%. The optimum blade inclination angle and numbers were calculated to be 45° and four, respectively. It implicated that the combined separator could be of great significance in a wide variety of applications.
文摘传统核能仿真系统一般采用基于物理机的分布式服务部署,存在资源利用率低、部署和扩展难度大等问题。本文结合云计算平台具有弹性资源调度、敏捷运维等优点,提出一种分层级、模块化的钍基熔盐堆(Thorium-based Molten Salt Reactor,TMSR)核能系统云仿真平台系统架构。通过搭建TMSR云仿真试验平台,验证基于开源云操作系统框架Open Stack构建TMSR云仿真平台的技术可行性。将分布式服务部署的固态燃料钍基熔盐实验堆(Thorium-based Molten Salt Experimental Reactor-Solid Fuel,TMSR-SF1)工程仿真机各功能模块迁移到TMSR云仿真试验平台,实现基于云计算的服务部署,用户可通过Web端访问TMSR-SF1仿真服务。仿真运行测试结果表明:TMSR云仿真试验平台可在整个软件生命周期内敏捷、高效地为用户按需提供TMSR-SF1仿真资源,可实现仿真系统快速、灵活地部署和重构。
文摘出入控制系统是进入核能控制区域的屏障,本文介绍了基于EPICS软件包实现的钍基熔盐堆核能项目(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor,TMSR)放化控制区域出入控制系统的软件设计。通过新的设备驱动、数据库结构、软件接口和人机界面的开发,实现了该系统身份验证、污染报警、个人计量统计和事件记录等功能。使用EPICS软件包实现该系统,不仅可以降低成本,减少该系统对设备厂商的依赖性,最重要的是实现了TMSR实验堆项目仪控系统软件构架的统一。该系统软件开发已经过测试验收,证明其功能和可靠性均能满足设计要求,本文还对系统安全性方面的提高展开讨论。
