For the interaction relation between geological object and engineering object in some fields related to water conservancy and hydropower, a unified modeling idea was proposed. On the basis of summarizing both advantag...For the interaction relation between geological object and engineering object in some fields related to water conservancy and hydropower, a unified modeling idea was proposed. On the basis of summarizing both advantages and disadvantages of existing modeling methods, an automatic unified modeling method of both engineering and geological objects based on tri-prism(TP) model was presented. Through the lossless correction algorithm of deviated drill holes contained in this method, the real deviated drill holes could be corrected into the equivalent virtual vertical ones. And the correction accuracy fully meets the requirements of unified modeling. With the virtual vertical drilling data, TIN construction of both cover layer and other stratums would be built in order to obtain the 3D geological model. Then, the engineering design data would be introduced into the 3D geological model for achieving unified modeling. For this process, the volume subdividing and restructuring principles were introduced to deal with the spatial relationships between engineering object and geological object. In order to improve the efficiency of unified modeling, the reconstruction of TIN based on constraint information was also applied in this method. At last, the feasibility and validation of the unified modeling method as well as its relevant key algorithms were verified by specific experiments and analysis of results.展开更多
This study examines cloud radiative forcing （CRF） in the Asian monsoon region （0° 50°N, 60° 150°E） simulated by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC） Fourth Assessment Report （AR4...This study examines cloud radiative forcing （CRF） in the Asian monsoon region （0° 50°N, 60° 150°E） simulated by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC） Fourth Assessment Report （AR4） AMIP models. During boreal winter, no model realistically reproduces the larger long-wave cloud radiative forcing （LWCF） over the Tibet Plateau （TP） and only a couple of models reasonably capture the larger short-wave CRF （SWCF） to the east of the TP. During boreal summer, there are larger biases for central location and intensity of simulated CRF in active convective regions. The CRF biases are closely related to the rainfall biases in the models. Quantitative analysis further indicates that the correlation between simulated CRF and observations are not high, and that the biases and diversity in SWCF are larger than that in LWCF. The annual cycle of simulated CRF over East Asia （0°-50°N, 100°-145°E） is also examined. Though many models capture the basic annual cycle in tropics, strong LWCF and SWCF to the east of the TP beginning in early spring are underestimated by most models. As a whole, GFDL-CM2.1, MPI-ECHAM5, UKMO-HadGAM1, and MIROC3.2 （medres） perform well for CRF simulation in the Asian monsoon region, and the multi-model ensemble （MME） has improved results over the individual simulations. It is suggested that strengthening the physical parameterizations involved over the TP, and improving cumulus convection processes and model experiment design are crucial to CRF simulation in the Asian monsoon region.展开更多
基金Project(BK2012812)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,ChinaProject(51079053)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+2 种基金Project(KYLX_0493)supported by the Scientific Research and Innovation Program for College Graduates of Jiangsu Province,ChinaProject(2014B38814)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities,ChinaProject(2014.1526)supported by the Open Research Fund Program of Key Laboratory of Geological Information of Ministry of Land and Resources,China
文摘For the interaction relation between geological object and engineering object in some fields related to water conservancy and hydropower, a unified modeling idea was proposed. On the basis of summarizing both advantages and disadvantages of existing modeling methods, an automatic unified modeling method of both engineering and geological objects based on tri-prism(TP) model was presented. Through the lossless correction algorithm of deviated drill holes contained in this method, the real deviated drill holes could be corrected into the equivalent virtual vertical ones. And the correction accuracy fully meets the requirements of unified modeling. With the virtual vertical drilling data, TIN construction of both cover layer and other stratums would be built in order to obtain the 3D geological model. Then, the engineering design data would be introduced into the 3D geological model for achieving unified modeling. For this process, the volume subdividing and restructuring principles were introduced to deal with the spatial relationships between engineering object and geological object. In order to improve the efficiency of unified modeling, the reconstruction of TIN based on constraint information was also applied in this method. At last, the feasibility and validation of the unified modeling method as well as its relevant key algorithms were verified by specific experiments and analysis of results.
基金supported by the CAS project under Grant No. KZCX2-YW-Q11-01the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China under Grant No. 2006CB403607the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.40523001, 40821092, 40875034)
文摘This study examines cloud radiative forcing （CRF） in the Asian monsoon region （0° 50°N, 60° 150°E） simulated by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC） Fourth Assessment Report （AR4） AMIP models. During boreal winter, no model realistically reproduces the larger long-wave cloud radiative forcing （LWCF） over the Tibet Plateau （TP） and only a couple of models reasonably capture the larger short-wave CRF （SWCF） to the east of the TP. During boreal summer, there are larger biases for central location and intensity of simulated CRF in active convective regions. The CRF biases are closely related to the rainfall biases in the models. Quantitative analysis further indicates that the correlation between simulated CRF and observations are not high, and that the biases and diversity in SWCF are larger than that in LWCF. The annual cycle of simulated CRF over East Asia （0°-50°N, 100°-145°E） is also examined. Though many models capture the basic annual cycle in tropics, strong LWCF and SWCF to the east of the TP beginning in early spring are underestimated by most models. As a whole, GFDL-CM2.1, MPI-ECHAM5, UKMO-HadGAM1, and MIROC3.2 （medres） perform well for CRF simulation in the Asian monsoon region, and the multi-model ensemble （MME） has improved results over the individual simulations. It is suggested that strengthening the physical parameterizations involved over the TP, and improving cumulus convection processes and model experiment design are crucial to CRF simulation in the Asian monsoon region.
