基于UPPAAL-TRON的高速铁路列控系统非确定性时延一致性测试研究

高速铁路列车运行控制系统是一个典型的实时系统,如何保证列控系统在时延约束条件下功能实现的正确性至关重要。传统的离线测试方法已广泛用于列控系统功能一致性测试中,然而,随着系统复杂度的提高,物理环境中时延的非确定性制约传统离线测试方法的应用。本文引入"在线测试"的概念,利用时间自动机理论对典型场景车载设备的RBC切换过程建模,并定义可观测消息通道将该模型划分为环境和设备两部分,从而借助工具UPPAAL-TRON"边生成边执行"测试用例,找出了在非确定性时延下,仿真RBC测试模型与测试需求中不一致的地方。并通过改进测试模型中RBC处理占用参数的设置,实现对RBC切换过程中跨界传递联锁消息时延非确定性的一致性测试。

Design and Manufacture an Elastic Neutron Scattering Spectrometer at the Dalat Nuclear Reactor

The objective of this study is to design an elastic neutron scattering system according to the angle with a sample using thermal neutron beam at the Dalat Nuclear Reactor (DNR). The system is used for research and training in the field of material structure analysis by neutron scattering and diffraction techniques. It is designed on the basis of inheriting the neutron measurement spectrometer systems at the DNR and the scattered neutron measurement systems in the world. The measuring system, which was installed at the horizontal channel 4 of the DNR, consists of 5-helium-3 detectors and a fully electronic system to record the scatter counts and a mechanical system with the possibility of rotating at 15˚-75˚ angles. The constructed system is tested for evaluation of the accuracy, stability and reliability of the mechanical and electronic systems of moving detectors by angles.

Effect of Frequency and Power of Bias Applied to Substrate on Plasma Property of Very-High-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering

The effect of the frequency and power of the bias applied to the substrate on plasma properties in 60 MHz（VHF） magnetron sputtering was investigated.The plasma properties include the ion velocity distribution function（IVDF）,electron energy probability function（EEPF）,electron density ne,ion flux Γi,and effective electron temperature Teff.These parameters were measured by a retarding field energy analyzer and a Langmuir probe in the 60 MHz magnetron sputtering,assisted with 13.56 MHz or 27.12 MHz substrate bias.The 13.56 MHz substrate bias led to broadening and multi-peaks IVDFs,Maxwellian EEPFs,as well as high electron density,ion flux,and low electron temperature.The 27.12 MHz substrate bias led to a further increase of electron density and ion flux,but made the IVDFs narrow.Therefore,the frequency of the substrate bias was a possible way to control the plasma properties in VHF magnetron sputtering.

Analysis of Wettability and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Wheat Straw/SPI

[Objective] The aim was to improve the adhesive bonding property of wheat straw surface to prepare wheat straw particleboard of soy protein isolate （SPI） adhesive through chemical and enzyme treatments. [Method] Evaluation and analysis were made on wettability of wheat straws in the control group and treated groups （chemical and enzyme treatments） by means of measurement of contact angle and calculation of spreading-penetration parameters （K）. In addition, we made analysis on surface elements through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. [Result] The re- sults showed that K value of straw treated with sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide and lipase increased by 58.0%, 48.7% and 83.2% compared to that of control group, respectively. The XPS analysis indicated that rapid decrease of silicon content and destruction of wax layer greatly contributed to wettability improvement of wheat straw surface. [Conclusion] The chemical and lipase treatments of wheat straw provided technical support for manufacture of wheat straw particle boand.

TRON伴随生活的另一个操作系统世界

在国内,相比Windows、Linux这样耳熟能详的操作系统而言,TRON恐怕极少为人所知,可它却悄然伴随着我们的生活,并起到了非常巨大的作用。正如星光璀璨的明星在台前拥有极高的知名度。

嵌入式实时操作系统TRON及其应用

坂村健教授1984年发起"TRON项目计划"后,到2003年,TRON系统(更具体地说是由TRON发展出的ITORN)成为世界上应用最多的操作系统之一,出现在数以百万计的电子设备上。

Implementing Semantic Deduction of Propositional Knowledge in an Extension Multi-layer Perceptron

The paper presents an extension multi-laye r p erceptron model that is capable of representing and reasoning propositional know ledge base. An extended version of propositional calculus is developed, and its some properties is discussed. Formulas of the extended calculus can be expressed in the extension multi-layer perceptron. Naturally, semantic deduction of prop ositional knowledge base can be implement by the extension multi-layer perceptr on, and by learning, an unknown formula set can be found.

基于模型的软件测试新工具——UPPAAL TRON

首先由介绍基于模型测试方法产生的必要性及其优点,引出对于TRON工具的推荐。结合一个关于TRON应用的小实例,以更好地说明TRON的工作原理,并公布了实例的运行结果,务求让读者对TRON的验错能力有一个直观的印象。

全新奥迪e-tron充电系统浅析

详细介绍全新奥迪e-tron充电系统结构部件、充电模式、充电过程以及注意事项。

嵌入式实时操作系统TRON及其应用综述

本文从硬件和软件两个方面介绍了占据了全球微处理器操作系统市场大约60%份额的嵌入式实时操作系统TRON,还简单阐述了其应用案例,指出TRON这种免费的实时操作系统具有很高的研究和应用价值。

基于MotoTron平台发动机电控系统设计

以某型汽油发动机为改造对象,对汽油发动机电控系统进行了研究。设计了电控系统的总体结构方案,在Matlab/Simulink平台建立基于扭矩的发动机控制算法。在Simulink环境中,控制算法通过Moto Tron平台生成代码,编译到配套控制器中,验证控制算法是否达到预期要求,对基于扭矩控制算法的关键MAP进行了标定。最后采用自行设计的发动机电控系统在发动机台架上进行了整机的负荷特性试验,大大改善了发动机的动力性和燃油经济性。

建立在TRON规范基础上的32位微处理器

本文介绍以 TRON 规范为基础的32位通用微处理器的芯片结构。文章对二种类型的结构的指令方式,高级指令,寻址方式,存贮器管理和 EIT(异常,中断和陷阱)处理以及它们的基本设计思想作了简要的论述。文章讨论了以不同的TRON 子方案设计的操作系统,还讨论了实现以 TRON 规范为基础的32位微处理器所涉及的一些技术问题。

电动超跑是怎样炼成的? AUDI R8 E-TRON

奥迪R8 e—tron在电影《钢铁侠3》中充当了男主角托尼·斯塔克的座驾，表现十分抢眼，其量产计划受到人们的广泛关注。不过，奥迪表示，因为受制造成本以及技术限制，R8 e—tron的量产上市计划被暂时搁置，目前已经生产出的10辆R8 e—tron不会对外销售，只用于奥迪内部的研发和测试。

Analytical expression for betatron tune shift due to field errors in lump quadrupole

The integrated gradient of a quadrupole will be deviated by a close neighboring sextupole, and this is called the effect of fringe field interference. Using the Lie algebra techniques, an analytical expression for the betatron tune shift due to this effect has been derived. The process does not depend on the supposition of the thin-lens quadrupoles. It can be used to estimate the tune shift differences between the designed lattice and the one including the fringe field interference. More generally, the method can be applied to other kinds of fringe field interference.

Contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography using Exi Tron nano6000 for assessment of liver injury

AIM: To explore the potential of contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT) using Exi Tron nano6000 for assessment of liver lesions in mouse models.METHODS: Three mouse models of liver lesions were used: bile duct ligation(BDL),lipopolysaccharide(LPS)/D-galactosamine(D-Gal N),and alcohol.After injection with the contrast agent Exi Tron nano6000,the mice were scanned with micro-CT.Liver lesions were evaluated using CECT images,hematoxylin and eosin staining,and serum aminotransferase levels.Macrophage distribution in the injury models was shown by immunohistochemical staining of CD68.The in vitro studies measured the densities of RAW264.7 under different conditions by CECT.RESULTS: In the in vitro studies,CECT provided specific and strong contrast enhancement of liver in mice.CECT could present heterogeneous images anddensities of injured livers induced by BDL,LPS/D-Gal N,and alcohol.The liver histology and immunochemistry of CD68 demonstrated that both dilated biliary tracts and necrosis in the injured livers could lead to the heterogeneous distribution of macrophages.The in vitro study showed that the RAW264.7 cell masses had higher densities after LPS activation.CONCLUSION: Micro-CT with the contrast agent Exi Tron nano6000 is feasible for detecting various liver lesions by emphasizing the heterogeneous textures and densities of CECT images.

红狮控制公司推出N—Tron NT24k网管型千兆以太网交换机系列

美国红狮控制公司近期推出模块化N-Tron NT24k网管型全千兆工业以太网交换机系列。凭借多达24个千兆以太网端口和可以实现不同配置选择的灵活模块化构成,N-Tron NT24k交换机有能力对抗最严峻的工业环境，为用户提供高度可靠性和迅捷的线速性能。

Statistical properties of the photoelectron energy spectrum generated by an intense laser pulse and a continuous X-ray

This study shows that the photoelectron energy spectrum generated by an intense laser pulse in the presence of a continuous X-ray has interesting and useful statistical properties. The total photoionization production is linearly propor- tional to the time duration of the laser pulse and the square of the beam size. The spectral double energy-integration is an intrinsic value of the laser-assisted X-ray photoionization, which linearly depends on the laser intensity and which quantita- tively reflects the strengths of the laser-field modulation and the quantum interference between photoelectrons. The spectral energy width also linearly depends on the laser intensity. These linear relationships suggest new methods for the in-situ measurement of laser intensity and pulse duration with high precision.

Structural characterization of Al_(0.55)Ga_(0.45)N epitaxial layer determined by high resolution x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy

Structural characteristics of Alo.55 Gao.45N epilayer were investigated by high resolution x-ray diffraction（HRXRD）and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）;the epilayer was grown on GaN/sapphire substrates using a high-temperature A1 N interlayer by metal organic chemical vapor deposition technique.The mosaic characteristics including tilt,twist,heterogeneous strain,and correlation lengths were extracted by symmetric and asymmetric XRD rocking curves as well as reciprocal space map（RSM）.According to Williamson-Hall plots,the vertical coherence length of AlGaN epilayer was calculated,which is consistent with the thickness of AlGaN layer measured by cross section TEM.Besides,the lateral coherence length was determined from RSM as well.Deducing from the tilt and twist results,the screw-type and edge-type dislocation densities are 1.0×10~8 cm^（-2） and 1.8×10^（10） cm^（-2）,which agree with the results observed from TEM.

Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies of YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ) Superconductors

Micrcostructures of bulk and thin film YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ) superconductors were studied by using scanning elec-tron microscopy (SEM). It was confirmed that viscous technique processed bulk YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ) has a homoge-neous microstructure across the pellet diameter. Concerning the thin film, it was found that 2 ￣H￣+ ion implanta-tion with a dose of 1× 10￣(12)cm￣(-2) at 50 keV does not cause microstructural change of the film at a micrometrelevel. Combined with previous studies by using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, it appearsthat the structural modification is at an atomic scale.

实时操作系统工业标准ITRON的分析

操作系统(OS)技术规范差别之大及实用微控制器品种之繁多,使RTOS(实时操作系统)的标准化成了一个大问题。Industrial TRON(the RTOS Nucleus,实时操作系统中心)组织制订嵌入式系统RTOS的标准。本文对ITRON做了总体介绍并详细研究分析了ITRON的任务状态及任务调度机制。