Objective:To investigate the suitability of citrus-press cakes,by-products of the juice industry as a source for the whitening agents for cosmetic industry.Methods:Ethylacetate extracts of citrus-press cakes(CCE)were ...Objective:To investigate the suitability of citrus-press cakes,by-products of the juice industry as a source for the whitening agents for cosmetic industry.Methods:Ethylacetate extracts of citrus-press cakes(CCE)were examined for their anti-melanogenic potentials in terms of the inhibition of melanin production and mechanisim of melanogenesis by using Western Blot analysis with tyrosinese,tyrosinase-related protein-1(TRP-1),TRP2,and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor(MITF)proteins.To apply the topical agents,citrus-press cakes was investigated the safety in human skin cell line.Finally flavonoid analysis of CCE was also determined by HPLC analysis.Results:Results indicated that CCE were shown to down-regulate melanin content in a dose-dependent pattern.The CCE inhibited tyrosinase,TRP-2,and MITF expressions in a dose-dependent manner.To test the applicability of CCE to human skin,we used MTT assay to assess the cytotoxic effects of CCE on human keratinocyte HaCaT cells.The CCE exhibited low cytotoxicity at 50μg/mL.Characterization of the citrus-press cakes for flavonoid contents using HPLC showed varied quantity of rutin,narirutin,and hesperidin.Conclusions:Considering the anti-melanogenic activity and human safety,CCE is considered as a potential anti-melanogenic agent and may be effective for topical application for treating hyperpigmentation disorders.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the antimelanogenesis properties of three sesame compoundssesamol, sesamin and sesamolin via two stages of melanin synthesis vis-à-vis sunscreen function and enzyme inhibition in melanom...Objective: To investigate the antimelanogenesis properties of three sesame compoundssesamol, sesamin and sesamolin via two stages of melanin synthesis vis-à-vis sunscreen function and enzyme inhibition in melanoma cell line in order to search for alternative depigmenting agents.Methods: Antimelanogenic effects of sesame lignans were assessed in SK-MEL2 compared with the reference depigmenting agents, kojic acid and b-arbutin, in order to evaluate:(a) the sunscreen function of sesamol, sesamin and sesamolin by measurement of UV absorbtion property;(b) the inhibition of tyrosinase activity through mushroom and cellular tyrosinase; and(c) the effect on melanin content and melanogenic protein expression(tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2) by Western blot analysis; and(d) the toxicity of sesamol, sesamin and sesamolin to cells using cell cytotoxicity assay.Results: The results showed that sesamin, sesamolin and sesamol exerted satisfiable sunscreen function by absorbed UVB at 290 nm. Sesamol exhibited the highest inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity, but lipophilic sesamolin exhibited the highest cellular tyrosinase inhibition(IC_(50) of 1.6 μM) followed by sesamin, sesamol, and kojic acid,respectively. The order from high to low inhibition of melanin pigment was detected in the SK-MEL2 treated with sesamolin, sesamin, sesamol, kojic acid, and b-arbutin,respectively. Sesamolin and sesamin successfully inhibited cellular tyrosinase activity and respectively decreased TRP-1/TRP-2(36%/15%) and TRP-1 levels(16%), thereby inhibiting melanogenesis via antityrosinase activity. No cytotoxicity to SK-MEL2 or Vero(normal) cell lines was observed at the lignan concentrations that exerted an antimelanogenic effect.Conclusions: Three sesame lignans prevent melanin synthesis through 2 stages:(a) by blocking melanin-induction and(b) by interrupting melanogenic enzyme production. This study provides evidence that sesamol, sesamin and sesamolin are potential for antimelanogenesis agents.展开更多
TRPP2 channel protein belongs to the superfamily of transient receptor potential(TRP) channels and is widely expressed in various tissues, including smooth muscle in digestive gut. Accumulating evidence has demonstrat...TRPP2 channel protein belongs to the superfamily of transient receptor potential(TRP) channels and is widely expressed in various tissues, including smooth muscle in digestive gut. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that TRPP2 can mediate Ca^(2+) release from Ca^(2+) stores. However, the functional role of TRPP2 in gallbladder smooth muscle contraction still remains unclear. In this study, we used Ca^(2+) imaging and tension measurements to test agonist-induced intracellular Ca^(2+) concentration increase and smooth muscle contraction of guinea pig gallbladder, respectively. When TRPP2 protein was knocked down in gallbladder muscle strips from guinea pig, carbachol(CCh)-evoked Ca^(2+) release and extracellular Ca^(2+) influx were reduced significantly, and gallbladder contractions induced by endothelin 1 and cholecystokinin were suppressed markedly as well. CCh-induced gallbladder contraction was markedly suppressed by pretreatment with U73122, which inhibits phospholipase C to terminate inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor(IP3) production, and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate(2APB), which inhibits IP3 recepor(IP3R) to abolish IP3R-mediated Ca^(2+) release. To confirm the role of Ca^(2+) release in CCh-induced gallbladder contraction, we used thapsigargin(TG)-to deplete Ca^(2+) stores via inhibiting sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca^(2+)-ATPase and eliminate the role of store-operated Ca^(2+) entry on the CCh-induced gallbladder contraction. Preincubation with 2 μmol L^(-1) TG significantly decreased the CCh-induced gallbladder contraction. In addition, pretreatments with U73122, 2APB or TG abolished the difference of the CCh-induced gallbladder contraction between TRPP2 knockdown and control groups. We conclude that TRPP2 mediates Ca^(2+) release from intracellular Ca^(2+) stores, and has an essential role in agonist-induced gallbladder muscle contraction.展开更多
研究酪氨酸激酶相关蛋白2(tyrosinase related protein 2,TRP-2)和gp100质粒DNA在B16黑色素瘤小鼠模型中的抗肿瘤作用。TRP-2及gp100在人类和鼠类黑色素瘤中均高度表达。鼠源gp100(mgp100)和鼠源TRP-2(mTRP-2)在小鼠中的免疫原性较差,...研究酪氨酸激酶相关蛋白2(tyrosinase related protein 2,TRP-2)和gp100质粒DNA在B16黑色素瘤小鼠模型中的抗肿瘤作用。TRP-2及gp100在人类和鼠类黑色素瘤中均高度表达。鼠源gp100(mgp100)和鼠源TRP-2(mTRP-2)在小鼠中的免疫原性较差,而异源黑色素瘤相关抗原可打破这些免疫耐受。使用电脉冲法免疫人源gp100(hgp100)和人源TRP-2(hTRP-2)质粒在B16F10肿瘤模型中表现出显著的保护作用。TRP-2和gp100质粒免疫结合Ii-PADRE(invariant Pan DR reactive epitope)和鼠源白介素-12(murine interleukin-12,mIL-12)质粒有效消退了建立的皮下B16F10肿瘤。上述结果表明,肌肉内注射异源DNA疫苗结合Ii-PADRE与IL-12质粒使用可能是一种有效治疗黑色素瘤的策略。展开更多
玫瑰纯露在护肤领域应用广,一般常用作溶剂,使用量大、浓度高。为进行高原地区玫瑰纯露与平原地区玫瑰纯露在相应体外功效上的对比,使用分别产自西藏墨脱与安徽黄山的玫瑰纯露在较高质量浓度下进行功效对比研究。研究采用人永生化表皮...玫瑰纯露在护肤领域应用广,一般常用作溶剂,使用量大、浓度高。为进行高原地区玫瑰纯露与平原地区玫瑰纯露在相应体外功效上的对比,使用分别产自西藏墨脱与安徽黄山的玫瑰纯露在较高质量浓度下进行功效对比研究。研究采用人永生化表皮角化细胞(Ha Ca T细胞),人成纤维细胞(HSF细胞),人黑色素瘤细胞(A375细胞)作为体外模型,通过MTT法、L-DOPA氧化法、ELISA、DPPH自由基清除实验进行相应对比检测。实验发现在较高质量浓度范围内(20,40,60,80,100 g/L)高原玫瑰纯露不影响角质细胞与成纤维细胞的生长,并且高原玫瑰纯露比平原玫瑰纯露更显著的抑制黑色素细胞内酪氨酸酶活性及酪氨酸酶相关蛋白2(TRP-2)表达,并可以显著促进角质细胞丝聚蛋白(FLG)表达,而平原玫瑰纯露在高质量浓度条件下抑制了FLG蛋白的表达,两组纯露清除自由基能力均较弱。高原玫瑰纯露相较于平原玫瑰纯露高质量浓度下在相应体外功效上具有更好的安全性和抑制黑色素生物合成和促进FLG蛋白表达的作用,两组玫瑰纯露均不具备较好的抗衰老及清除自由基的能力。展开更多
NY-ESO-1作为一种肿瘤抗原,具有较强的免疫抗原性,并且已成为肿瘤候选疫苗之一。但由于目前大多应用NY-ESO-1多肽以及蛋白质疫苗,其临床试验效果欠佳,亟需更为有效的NY-ESO-1抗原设计的肿瘤免疫治疗出现。该研究的目的是探索将NY-ESO-1...NY-ESO-1作为一种肿瘤抗原,具有较强的免疫抗原性,并且已成为肿瘤候选疫苗之一。但由于目前大多应用NY-ESO-1多肽以及蛋白质疫苗,其临床试验效果欠佳,亟需更为有效的NY-ESO-1抗原设计的肿瘤免疫治疗出现。该研究的目的是探索将NY-ESO-1与具有增强免疫效应的五种因子分别重组成嵌合蛋白抗原,使其更有效地被加工、转运和呈递,以期找到最佳的基因佐剂,增强NY-ESO-1作为肿瘤治疗性DNA疫苗的免疫效果。采用电脉冲体内细胞高效转入的方法对C57BL/6小鼠进行DNA免疫,发现用编码NY-ESO-1或连接有HSP70的嵌合体质粒免疫可诱导强烈的NY-ESO-1特异性Ig G1反应。NY-ESO-1连接泛素的质粒免疫小鼠主要诱导NY-ESO-1特异性Ig G2a反应,表明此基因佐剂诱导强的Th1免疫反应。与其他嵌合NY-ESO-1质粒免疫相比,NYESO-1连接泛素的质粒免疫小鼠,有效地保护小鼠对有NY-ESO-1表达的B16F10黑色素瘤细胞系的挑战作用,证明强的Th1免疫反应对预防和治疗肿瘤具有重要作用。去除调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Treg)可进一步增强泛素-NY-ESO-1嵌合DNA疫苗治疗黑色素瘤的作用。此外,Ub-NY-ESO-1质粒结合编码异源黑素瘤抗原GP100和TRP-2的质粒免疫可诱导对抗含有NY-ESO-1表达的B16F10黑色素瘤的协同抗肿瘤免疫疗效。该研究结果表明,编码泛素-NY-ESO-1嵌合抗原的质粒DNA疫苗或与编码其他相关黑色素瘤抗原的质粒的联合可能是有效的治疗黑色素瘤的疫苗。展开更多
基金Supported by the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program,Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea,Grant No.PJ009583002013
文摘Objective:To investigate the suitability of citrus-press cakes,by-products of the juice industry as a source for the whitening agents for cosmetic industry.Methods:Ethylacetate extracts of citrus-press cakes(CCE)were examined for their anti-melanogenic potentials in terms of the inhibition of melanin production and mechanisim of melanogenesis by using Western Blot analysis with tyrosinese,tyrosinase-related protein-1(TRP-1),TRP2,and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor(MITF)proteins.To apply the topical agents,citrus-press cakes was investigated the safety in human skin cell line.Finally flavonoid analysis of CCE was also determined by HPLC analysis.Results:Results indicated that CCE were shown to down-regulate melanin content in a dose-dependent pattern.The CCE inhibited tyrosinase,TRP-2,and MITF expressions in a dose-dependent manner.To test the applicability of CCE to human skin,we used MTT assay to assess the cytotoxic effects of CCE on human keratinocyte HaCaT cells.The CCE exhibited low cytotoxicity at 50μg/mL.Characterization of the citrus-press cakes for flavonoid contents using HPLC showed varied quantity of rutin,narirutin,and hesperidin.Conclusions:Considering the anti-melanogenic activity and human safety,CCE is considered as a potential anti-melanogenic agent and may be effective for topical application for treating hyperpigmentation disorders.
基金2011 (#542800) and 2012 (#552900), Khon Kaen University Research Funding supported this project
文摘Objective: To investigate the antimelanogenesis properties of three sesame compoundssesamol, sesamin and sesamolin via two stages of melanin synthesis vis-à-vis sunscreen function and enzyme inhibition in melanoma cell line in order to search for alternative depigmenting agents.Methods: Antimelanogenic effects of sesame lignans were assessed in SK-MEL2 compared with the reference depigmenting agents, kojic acid and b-arbutin, in order to evaluate:(a) the sunscreen function of sesamol, sesamin and sesamolin by measurement of UV absorbtion property;(b) the inhibition of tyrosinase activity through mushroom and cellular tyrosinase; and(c) the effect on melanin content and melanogenic protein expression(tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2) by Western blot analysis; and(d) the toxicity of sesamol, sesamin and sesamolin to cells using cell cytotoxicity assay.Results: The results showed that sesamin, sesamolin and sesamol exerted satisfiable sunscreen function by absorbed UVB at 290 nm. Sesamol exhibited the highest inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity, but lipophilic sesamolin exhibited the highest cellular tyrosinase inhibition(IC_(50) of 1.6 μM) followed by sesamin, sesamol, and kojic acid,respectively. The order from high to low inhibition of melanin pigment was detected in the SK-MEL2 treated with sesamolin, sesamin, sesamol, kojic acid, and b-arbutin,respectively. Sesamolin and sesamin successfully inhibited cellular tyrosinase activity and respectively decreased TRP-1/TRP-2(36%/15%) and TRP-1 levels(16%), thereby inhibiting melanogenesis via antityrosinase activity. No cytotoxicity to SK-MEL2 or Vero(normal) cell lines was observed at the lignan concentrations that exerted an antimelanogenic effect.Conclusions: Three sesame lignans prevent melanin synthesis through 2 stages:(a) by blocking melanin-induction and(b) by interrupting melanogenic enzyme production. This study provides evidence that sesamol, sesamin and sesamolin are potential for antimelanogenesis agents.
基金supported by Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (1208085MH181, 1108085J11)National Natural Science Foundation of China (81371284)Young Prominent Investigator Supporting Program from Anhui Medical University and National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates (201310366012)
文摘TRPP2 channel protein belongs to the superfamily of transient receptor potential(TRP) channels and is widely expressed in various tissues, including smooth muscle in digestive gut. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that TRPP2 can mediate Ca^(2+) release from Ca^(2+) stores. However, the functional role of TRPP2 in gallbladder smooth muscle contraction still remains unclear. In this study, we used Ca^(2+) imaging and tension measurements to test agonist-induced intracellular Ca^(2+) concentration increase and smooth muscle contraction of guinea pig gallbladder, respectively. When TRPP2 protein was knocked down in gallbladder muscle strips from guinea pig, carbachol(CCh)-evoked Ca^(2+) release and extracellular Ca^(2+) influx were reduced significantly, and gallbladder contractions induced by endothelin 1 and cholecystokinin were suppressed markedly as well. CCh-induced gallbladder contraction was markedly suppressed by pretreatment with U73122, which inhibits phospholipase C to terminate inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor(IP3) production, and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate(2APB), which inhibits IP3 recepor(IP3R) to abolish IP3R-mediated Ca^(2+) release. To confirm the role of Ca^(2+) release in CCh-induced gallbladder contraction, we used thapsigargin(TG)-to deplete Ca^(2+) stores via inhibiting sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca^(2+)-ATPase and eliminate the role of store-operated Ca^(2+) entry on the CCh-induced gallbladder contraction. Preincubation with 2 μmol L^(-1) TG significantly decreased the CCh-induced gallbladder contraction. In addition, pretreatments with U73122, 2APB or TG abolished the difference of the CCh-induced gallbladder contraction between TRPP2 knockdown and control groups. We conclude that TRPP2 mediates Ca^(2+) release from intracellular Ca^(2+) stores, and has an essential role in agonist-induced gallbladder muscle contraction.
文摘研究酪氨酸激酶相关蛋白2(tyrosinase related protein 2,TRP-2)和gp100质粒DNA在B16黑色素瘤小鼠模型中的抗肿瘤作用。TRP-2及gp100在人类和鼠类黑色素瘤中均高度表达。鼠源gp100(mgp100)和鼠源TRP-2(mTRP-2)在小鼠中的免疫原性较差,而异源黑色素瘤相关抗原可打破这些免疫耐受。使用电脉冲法免疫人源gp100(hgp100)和人源TRP-2(hTRP-2)质粒在B16F10肿瘤模型中表现出显著的保护作用。TRP-2和gp100质粒免疫结合Ii-PADRE(invariant Pan DR reactive epitope)和鼠源白介素-12(murine interleukin-12,mIL-12)质粒有效消退了建立的皮下B16F10肿瘤。上述结果表明,肌肉内注射异源DNA疫苗结合Ii-PADRE与IL-12质粒使用可能是一种有效治疗黑色素瘤的策略。
文摘玫瑰纯露在护肤领域应用广,一般常用作溶剂,使用量大、浓度高。为进行高原地区玫瑰纯露与平原地区玫瑰纯露在相应体外功效上的对比,使用分别产自西藏墨脱与安徽黄山的玫瑰纯露在较高质量浓度下进行功效对比研究。研究采用人永生化表皮角化细胞(Ha Ca T细胞),人成纤维细胞(HSF细胞),人黑色素瘤细胞(A375细胞)作为体外模型,通过MTT法、L-DOPA氧化法、ELISA、DPPH自由基清除实验进行相应对比检测。实验发现在较高质量浓度范围内(20,40,60,80,100 g/L)高原玫瑰纯露不影响角质细胞与成纤维细胞的生长,并且高原玫瑰纯露比平原玫瑰纯露更显著的抑制黑色素细胞内酪氨酸酶活性及酪氨酸酶相关蛋白2(TRP-2)表达,并可以显著促进角质细胞丝聚蛋白(FLG)表达,而平原玫瑰纯露在高质量浓度条件下抑制了FLG蛋白的表达,两组纯露清除自由基能力均较弱。高原玫瑰纯露相较于平原玫瑰纯露高质量浓度下在相应体外功效上具有更好的安全性和抑制黑色素生物合成和促进FLG蛋白表达的作用,两组玫瑰纯露均不具备较好的抗衰老及清除自由基的能力。
文摘NY-ESO-1作为一种肿瘤抗原,具有较强的免疫抗原性,并且已成为肿瘤候选疫苗之一。但由于目前大多应用NY-ESO-1多肽以及蛋白质疫苗,其临床试验效果欠佳,亟需更为有效的NY-ESO-1抗原设计的肿瘤免疫治疗出现。该研究的目的是探索将NY-ESO-1与具有增强免疫效应的五种因子分别重组成嵌合蛋白抗原,使其更有效地被加工、转运和呈递,以期找到最佳的基因佐剂,增强NY-ESO-1作为肿瘤治疗性DNA疫苗的免疫效果。采用电脉冲体内细胞高效转入的方法对C57BL/6小鼠进行DNA免疫,发现用编码NY-ESO-1或连接有HSP70的嵌合体质粒免疫可诱导强烈的NY-ESO-1特异性Ig G1反应。NY-ESO-1连接泛素的质粒免疫小鼠主要诱导NY-ESO-1特异性Ig G2a反应,表明此基因佐剂诱导强的Th1免疫反应。与其他嵌合NY-ESO-1质粒免疫相比,NYESO-1连接泛素的质粒免疫小鼠,有效地保护小鼠对有NY-ESO-1表达的B16F10黑色素瘤细胞系的挑战作用,证明强的Th1免疫反应对预防和治疗肿瘤具有重要作用。去除调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Treg)可进一步增强泛素-NY-ESO-1嵌合DNA疫苗治疗黑色素瘤的作用。此外,Ub-NY-ESO-1质粒结合编码异源黑素瘤抗原GP100和TRP-2的质粒免疫可诱导对抗含有NY-ESO-1表达的B16F10黑色素瘤的协同抗肿瘤免疫疗效。该研究结果表明,编码泛素-NY-ESO-1嵌合抗原的质粒DNA疫苗或与编码其他相关黑色素瘤抗原的质粒的联合可能是有效的治疗黑色素瘤的疫苗。
