The buried village is Vinh Moc where more than 1200 Vietnamese, including soldiers, who lived underground during the Vietnam War (1965 to 1972) were hand dug into red basalt bedrock. The Vinh Moc Village was strategic...The buried village is Vinh Moc where more than 1200 Vietnamese, including soldiers, who lived underground during the Vietnam War (1965 to 1972) were hand dug into red basalt bedrock. The Vinh Moc Village was strategically located on the border of North Vietnam and South Vietnam approximately 14 km north of the DMZ and along the shoreline of the South China Sea. During the Vietnam War, the US Air Force heavily bombed Vinh Moc. The North Vietnamese Army (NVA) had an important military base on nearby Con Co Island. Brave civil volunteers from Vinh Moc would make the 28 km dangerous journey to the island, disguised as fishermen, to deliver supplies to the soldiers stationed there. The people who remained at Vinh Moc dug tunnels into red basalt hills in order to survive this onslaught. The American forces assessed the villagers of Vinh Moc were supplying food and armaments to the NVA garrison on the island of Con Co, which was in turn hindering the American bombers on their way to bomb Hanoi. The US military objective was to force the villagers of Vinh Moc to leave the area. The villagers initially dug the tunnels to a 10 m depth but the American forces designed bombs that burrowed down 10 m before exploding. The soil tunnels were then deepened to 30 m to provide safety for the soldiers and civilians working there during the intense US Air Force bombing. The primary objective of the research study was to determine how the soils and parent material of Vinh Moc Village, protected their villagers from the United States Air Force bombardment during the Vietnam War. In addition, the natural parent material at both the Vinh Moc and Cu Chi were assessed to determine why the tunnels were so resilient. The Cu Chi and Iron Triangle soil tunnels were dug by hand in the Old Alluvium soils and parent material where iron in solution precipitated and became the soil binding material. The Vinh Moc tunnels were hand dug in porous, red basalt (bedrock) hills where the consolidated rock structure itself provided the required binding material. Neither site needed support beams to hold up the ceilings.展开更多
BACKGROUND The carcinogenesis of stomach adenocarcinoma(STAD)involves many different molecules and multiple pathways,including the NOTCH signaling pathway.As a key factor that functions as a critical link in the NOTCH...BACKGROUND The carcinogenesis of stomach adenocarcinoma(STAD)involves many different molecules and multiple pathways,including the NOTCH signaling pathway.As a key factor that functions as a critical link in the NOTCH pathway,mind bomb 1(MIB1)is upregulated in various tumors and has been reported to promote cell metastasis and invasion.However,studies on the role of MIB1 in STAD are limited.Here,we evaluated the prognostic value of MIB1 in STAD and its association with immune infiltration and copy number variation.AIM To elucidate the relationship between MIB1 gene and gastric cancer(GC)and provide a new idea for the treatment of GC.METHODS We identified mutations in the MIB1 gene by searching the cBioPortal database and then analyzed their relationship with the overall survival rate and diseasefree survival rate using the Kaplan-Meier method.The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database provided transcript levels for MIB1 in STADs and normal tissues.As a method of distinguishing the STAD tissues from adjacent normal tissues,a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was generated.Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to determine the effect of MIB1 expression on survival.Based on the LinkedOmics database,we were able to identify the coexpressed genes of the MIB1 gene,the top 50 positively correlated genes,and the top 50 negatively correlated genes.STRING was used to construct protein-protein interaction networks related to the MIB1 gene.An analysis of functional enrichment was carried out using the R package“Cluster Profiler”.The relationships between mRNA expression of MIB1 and immune infiltrates were assessed by Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource(TIMER)and the“GSVA package”in R.RESULTS According to the cBioPortal database,the MIB1 mutation rate in 287 patients in the TCGA dataset was approximately 6%.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with STAD in the mutated group had a worse prognosis than those in the unmutated group(P=0.0156).There was a significant upregulation of MIB1 expression in STAD tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues.A high T stage was associated with increased MIB1 mRNA expression.The ROC curve analysis revealed 59.4%sensitivity and 85.6%specificity of MIB1 for differentiating STAD tissues from adjacent normal tissues at a truncation level of 2.248.Kaplan-Meier plotter indicated that patients with higher MIB1 levels had a worse prognosis than those with lower levels(26.4 mo vs 56.2 mo,P=0.0330).A correlation analysis demonstrated an association between immune infiltrates and MIB1 mRNA expression.CONCLUSION Upregulation of MIB1 expression is significantly associated with poor survival rate and immune infiltration in gastric adenocarcinoma.MIB1 may be a biomarker for the poor prognosis of STAD patients and a potential immunotherapeutic target.展开更多
研究了不同位置炸药爆炸作用下钛合金定向泄爆容器的冲击响应。通过试验与数值模拟,分析了100 g TNT炸药放置不同位置时容器的抗爆性能和冲击端头的飞行角度,并以限制罐体运动为目的,对罐体轴向受力进行了分析。研究表明:爆炸物位于轴线...研究了不同位置炸药爆炸作用下钛合金定向泄爆容器的冲击响应。通过试验与数值模拟,分析了100 g TNT炸药放置不同位置时容器的抗爆性能和冲击端头的飞行角度,并以限制罐体运动为目的,对罐体轴向受力进行了分析。研究表明:爆炸物位于轴线时,罐体产生弹性形变;紧贴内壁中间位置时,罐体外壁鼓包并贯穿开裂;紧贴内壁近端头处时,罐体外壁凸起。100 g TNT炸药作用下,冲击端头出口速度均值为124.45 m/s、最大偏角为2.3°,且爆炸物位置对端头出口速度影响较小。爆炸物位于轴线前、后端时,轴向力较爆炸物位于轴线中心时分别增大173%和116%。该研究可为民机定向泄爆容器及连接结构设计提供参考。展开更多
文摘The buried village is Vinh Moc where more than 1200 Vietnamese, including soldiers, who lived underground during the Vietnam War (1965 to 1972) were hand dug into red basalt bedrock. The Vinh Moc Village was strategically located on the border of North Vietnam and South Vietnam approximately 14 km north of the DMZ and along the shoreline of the South China Sea. During the Vietnam War, the US Air Force heavily bombed Vinh Moc. The North Vietnamese Army (NVA) had an important military base on nearby Con Co Island. Brave civil volunteers from Vinh Moc would make the 28 km dangerous journey to the island, disguised as fishermen, to deliver supplies to the soldiers stationed there. The people who remained at Vinh Moc dug tunnels into red basalt hills in order to survive this onslaught. The American forces assessed the villagers of Vinh Moc were supplying food and armaments to the NVA garrison on the island of Con Co, which was in turn hindering the American bombers on their way to bomb Hanoi. The US military objective was to force the villagers of Vinh Moc to leave the area. The villagers initially dug the tunnels to a 10 m depth but the American forces designed bombs that burrowed down 10 m before exploding. The soil tunnels were then deepened to 30 m to provide safety for the soldiers and civilians working there during the intense US Air Force bombing. The primary objective of the research study was to determine how the soils and parent material of Vinh Moc Village, protected their villagers from the United States Air Force bombardment during the Vietnam War. In addition, the natural parent material at both the Vinh Moc and Cu Chi were assessed to determine why the tunnels were so resilient. The Cu Chi and Iron Triangle soil tunnels were dug by hand in the Old Alluvium soils and parent material where iron in solution precipitated and became the soil binding material. The Vinh Moc tunnels were hand dug in porous, red basalt (bedrock) hills where the consolidated rock structure itself provided the required binding material. Neither site needed support beams to hold up the ceilings.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Program of Liaoning Province,No.2021-MS-040.
文摘BACKGROUND The carcinogenesis of stomach adenocarcinoma(STAD)involves many different molecules and multiple pathways,including the NOTCH signaling pathway.As a key factor that functions as a critical link in the NOTCH pathway,mind bomb 1(MIB1)is upregulated in various tumors and has been reported to promote cell metastasis and invasion.However,studies on the role of MIB1 in STAD are limited.Here,we evaluated the prognostic value of MIB1 in STAD and its association with immune infiltration and copy number variation.AIM To elucidate the relationship between MIB1 gene and gastric cancer(GC)and provide a new idea for the treatment of GC.METHODS We identified mutations in the MIB1 gene by searching the cBioPortal database and then analyzed their relationship with the overall survival rate and diseasefree survival rate using the Kaplan-Meier method.The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database provided transcript levels for MIB1 in STADs and normal tissues.As a method of distinguishing the STAD tissues from adjacent normal tissues,a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was generated.Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to determine the effect of MIB1 expression on survival.Based on the LinkedOmics database,we were able to identify the coexpressed genes of the MIB1 gene,the top 50 positively correlated genes,and the top 50 negatively correlated genes.STRING was used to construct protein-protein interaction networks related to the MIB1 gene.An analysis of functional enrichment was carried out using the R package“Cluster Profiler”.The relationships between mRNA expression of MIB1 and immune infiltrates were assessed by Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource(TIMER)and the“GSVA package”in R.RESULTS According to the cBioPortal database,the MIB1 mutation rate in 287 patients in the TCGA dataset was approximately 6%.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with STAD in the mutated group had a worse prognosis than those in the unmutated group(P=0.0156).There was a significant upregulation of MIB1 expression in STAD tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues.A high T stage was associated with increased MIB1 mRNA expression.The ROC curve analysis revealed 59.4%sensitivity and 85.6%specificity of MIB1 for differentiating STAD tissues from adjacent normal tissues at a truncation level of 2.248.Kaplan-Meier plotter indicated that patients with higher MIB1 levels had a worse prognosis than those with lower levels(26.4 mo vs 56.2 mo,P=0.0330).A correlation analysis demonstrated an association between immune infiltrates and MIB1 mRNA expression.CONCLUSION Upregulation of MIB1 expression is significantly associated with poor survival rate and immune infiltration in gastric adenocarcinoma.MIB1 may be a biomarker for the poor prognosis of STAD patients and a potential immunotherapeutic target.
文摘研究了不同位置炸药爆炸作用下钛合金定向泄爆容器的冲击响应。通过试验与数值模拟,分析了100 g TNT炸药放置不同位置时容器的抗爆性能和冲击端头的飞行角度,并以限制罐体运动为目的,对罐体轴向受力进行了分析。研究表明:爆炸物位于轴线时,罐体产生弹性形变;紧贴内壁中间位置时,罐体外壁鼓包并贯穿开裂;紧贴内壁近端头处时,罐体外壁凸起。100 g TNT炸药作用下,冲击端头出口速度均值为124.45 m/s、最大偏角为2.3°,且爆炸物位置对端头出口速度影响较小。爆炸物位于轴线前、后端时,轴向力较爆炸物位于轴线中心时分别增大173%和116%。该研究可为民机定向泄爆容器及连接结构设计提供参考。
