SUPPORTED CATALYST WITHOUT EXTERNAL ELECTRON DONOR FOR PROPYLENE POLYMERIZATION Ⅱ. TACTICITY DISTRIBUTION AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF POLYPROPYLENE

Propylene was polymerized with a novel supported Ziegler-Natta catalystcontaining 2,2-di-iso-butyl-1,3-dimethoxy-propane (DIBDMP) as internal donor and in theabsence of external donor. The tacticity distribution of polypropylene was obtained by usingtemperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) technique and microstructure of fractionswas studied with ^(13)C-NMR. Compared with the catalyst without electron donor, this cat-alyst gives a considerably narrower tacticity distribution. Fractionation data demonstratethat DIBDMP shows better performance than aromatic diester DNBP (di-n-butyl phtha-late). Chemically inverted propylene units and less stereoblockiness are found in the firstfraction. Possible reasons for these were presented.

RUTHENIUM CARBENE INITIATED RING-OPEN METATHESIS POLYMERIZATION OF ENDO-BICYCLO[3.2.0]HEPT-6-EN-3-YL BENZOATES WITH TACTICITY STUDIES

After tentative ring-opening cross metathesis （ROCM） of endo-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-3-yl 4-bromobenzoate with PhCH = CH2 initiated by （Cy3P）2Cl2Ru = CHPh in CH2Cl2, ring-opening metathesis polymerization （ROMP） of a series of endo-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-3-yl benzoates was achieved under the same conditions, furnishing a variety of the corresponding polymers. Then some of them were selected to hydrogenate the C=C double bonds in their backbone with p-tosylhydrazide, affording saturated and thus more flexible polymers. All of these polymers were well characterized by spectroscopic means including GPC, UV-Vis, NMR and IR, based on which the tacticity of these polymers was investigated together with nonlinear optical （electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation, EFISH）） analysis.

EFFECT OF TACTICITY OF PMMA ON CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE OF POLY VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has been used to study the effect of tacticityof PMMA on β phase formation of poly vinylidene fluoride (PVF_2) during quenching process.For pure PVF_2, quenching at lower temperature results in the formation of β phase crystallites.The critical quenching temperature for β phase formation is about 30℃. Adding a given amountof PMMA (30%) results in the increase of the critical quenching temperature. For the blends ofPVF_2 with atactic PMMA (a-PMMA), the critical quenching temperature is about 45℃, whilefor the blends with syndiotactic PMMA (s-PMMA), attains to about 70℃.

Advanced Design of Soft Robots with Artificial Intelligence

In recent years,breakthrough has been made in the field of artificial intelligence(AI),which has also revolutionized the industry of robotics.Soft robots featured with high-level safety,less weight,lower power consumption have always been one of the research hotspots.Recently,multifunctional sensors for perception of soft robotics have been rapidly developed,while more algorithms and models of machine learning with high accuracy have been optimized and proposed.Designs of soft robots with AI have also been advanced ranging from multimodal sensing,human-machine interaction to effective actuation in robotic systems.Nonethe-less,comprehensive reviews concerning the new developments and strategies for the ingenious design of the soft robotic systems equipped with AI are rare.Here,the new development is systematically reviewed in the field of soft robots with AI.First,background and mechanisms of soft robotic systems are briefed,after which development focused on how to endow the soft robots with AI,including the aspects of feeling,thought and reaction,is illustrated.Next,applications of soft robots with AI are systematically summarized and discussed together with advanced strategies proposed for performance enhancement.Design thoughts for future intelligent soft robotics are pointed out.Finally,some perspectives are put forward.

The Research on the Battle of Yanmen Pass

During the war between Liao Dynasty(907-1125)and Northern Song Dynasty(960-1127),there was a classic battle that happened in Yanmen Pass(located in today’s Dai County,Xinzhou,Shanxi Province,China).It was a well known battle of ancient China because a commander of the Song army named Yang Ye(?-986)was really famous in both classical Chinese fictions and Chinese war history.He is the early protagonist of a famous Chinese classic fiction named The Romance of the Yang family’s generals(written in the 16th century,Ming Dynasty of China).The story of his family also appears in other novels.Besides,in history,he was a general who was active in the early stages of the war between Liao Dynasty and Northern Song Dynasty.The battle of Yanmen Pass(980)was one of the most important battles of Yang’s military career.His combat style especially his cavalry tactic can be summarized through researching this battle.

Review and Analysis: Evaluation of the Impacts and Consequences of Using Agricultural Herbicides as Military Chemical Weapons in Second Indochina War

The legacy of the human misery caused by the application of the herbicides including Agent Purple and Agent Orange contaminated with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD and Agent Blue, the arsenic-based herbicide, sprayed over the jungles, rice fields, and hamlets of Vietnam is still haunting us today. Why did this happen? Could it have been prevented? Was it necessary United States military strategy? Was it an intentional decision to inflict this blight on the enemy soldiers and the Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Laotian civilians, to poison their land and cause generations of harm? Alternatively, was it an unpreventable accident in the march of military history? What patterns in the U.S. government’s thought process could be identified as the cause, which led to the decision to use these herbicides as tactical chemical weapons? If the introduction of herbicide (chemical) weapons had not been made, would the outcome of the Vietnam War and the Secret Wars in Laos and Cambodia have been any different? The objective of this treatise is to outline the role of world events and backgrounds and the role of the leaders, U.S. military, CIA, USDA, U.S. State Department, the U.S. President appointed Ambassadors to Vietnam and Laos, chemical companies, and President Diệm’s Republic of Vietnam (RVN) government and military. Their collective advice led to the decision to use herbicides as military and environmental chemical weapons in the Second Indochina War. Were the National interests achieved by U.S. military strategy in the RVN using herbicide weapons worth the long-term environmental and human health consequences in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos? Did it impact the outcome of the Second Indochina War?

Discussion on the Application of Technical and Tactical Skills in Mixed Martial Arts Competitions

This article mainly analyzes the application of technical and tactical skills in mixed martial arts competitions,including mixed martial arts and its competition characteristics,the main application significance of technical and tactical skills in mixed martial arts competitions,and its primary application strategies.It is hoped that this analysis can provide some guidelines for the appropriate application of mixed martial arts athletes’technical and tactical skills to improve their winning rate in mixed martial arts competitions.

Multicriteria game approach to air-to-air combat tactical decisions for multiple UAVs

Air-to-air combat tactical decisions for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles(ACTDMU)are a key decision-making step in beyond visual range combat.Complex influencing factors,strong antagonism and real-time requirements need to be considered in the ACTDMU problem.In this paper,we propose a multicriteria game approach to ACTDMU.This approach consists of a multicriteria game model and a Pareto Nash equilibrium algorithm.In this model,we form the strategy profiles for the integration of air-to-air combat tactics and weapon target assignment strategies by considering the correlation between them,and we design the vector payoff functions based on predominance factors.We propose a algorithm of Pareto Nash equilibrium based on preference relations using threshold constraints(PNE-PRTC),and we prove that the solutions obtained by this algorithm are refinements of Pareto Nash equilibrium solutions.The numerical experiments indicate that PNE-PRTC algorithm is considerably faster than the baseline algorithms and the performance is better.Especially on large-scale instances,the Pareto Nash equilibrium solutions can be calculated by PNEPRTC algorithm at the second level.The simulation experiments show that the multicriteria game approach is more effective than one-side decision approaches such as multiple-attribute decision-making and randomly chosen decisions.

The Research on the Psychological Tactic of Covering the Dagger With a Smile

Thirty-Six Stratagems is one of the most important military works of ancient China.As the name of the book,it totally includes 36 stratagems that can be used in many different fields such as military,business,and politics.Covering the dagger with a smile is one of the most common ones in these stratagems.At the same time,it is the most insidious one.As a kind of psychological tactic,it usually acts as the secret weapon of the weak.Though this stratagem should not be seen as a kind of predominant strategy,it is still worth being researched deeply,because knowing more about this psychological tactic will offer a good reference for the researchers of ancient art of war.

Analysis of Tourism Demand Difference Based on Data Mining and Intelligent Analysis

To serve as a reference for future foreign tourism study,relevant tourist sectors have done in-depth investigations on foreign tourism both domestically and internationally.A study of outbound tourism activities from the viewpoint of tourists can examine its development law and create successful marketing tactics based on the rise in the number of foreign tourists.Based on this,this study suggests a data mining technique to examine the variations in travel needs and marketing tactics among various consumer groups.The combined example analysis demonstrates how logical and useful our data mining analysis is.Our data tests demonstrate that the tourism strategy outlined in this paper can enhance the number of tourists by piquing their interest based on the rise in the number of international travellers travelling overseas.

Unperturbed dimensions of atactic poly(dibenzyl itaconate)s

The unperturbed dimension and temperature character of poly(dibenzyl itaconate)s (PDBzI) are studied by a revised rotational isomeric state (RIS) method. The improved formulas of the mean-square radius of gyration, deduced by the pseudo-stereochemical equilibrium approach, may be used to investigate the configurational-conformational properties of atactic polymers with large side groups [poly(itaconates) for instance]. The calculated results showed that poly(itaconates) have larger dimension of the molecule than other vinyl polymers. Comparison of the dimension between considering and without considering side groups showed that the effect of large side groups on the unperturbed dimension for short-chain polymers is more obvious than that of long-chain polymers and, if the dimension of side groups increases, the effect also increases. The dimension differences of PDBzI between short-chain and long-chain polymers are investigated by the relation of characteristic ratios and temperature coefficients with temperature. Moreover, the dependence between the temperature coefficients and the tacticity of chains shows that the temperature characters of the isotactic, syndiotactic and atactic PDBzI chains have remarkable difference.

影视项目工作流管理系统用户体验分析

动画与游戏行业飞速发展需要强大工作流管理工具。本文以Tactic为例,分别从产品目标和需求分析、产品分析、用户体验分析等角度分析评估了业界主流的影视项目生产流程管理系统,试图探索影视领域中项目管理平台的开发和应用,为开源软件国产化提供思路。

THEORY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ICAI COGNITIVE MODEL BASED ON MEANING

Cognitive models must be able to adapt the students learning behaviors dynamically.In our point of view,the processes of learning and understanding are,in nature,the procedure that gains the meaning of the object to be learned.So,ICAI cognitive models should reflect the meaning structure of the domain knowledge in students mind.According to this view,we developed the meaning theory of Ludwig Wittgenstein,and proposed the concept of meaning conjoinism.On the basis of the meaning conjoinism we proposed a meaning oriented ICAI cognitive model and its corresponding teaching tactics.Furthermore,we developed an ICAI system named Thinking and the efficiency of our proposal has been demonstrated.

NMR SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY ON COPOLYMER OF ETHYLENE-NORBORNENE

A series of ethylene-norbornene copolymers were synthesized using VO (Oft) Cl-2/Al2Et3Cl3 catalytic system and their structure was characterized by H-1-NMR, H-1-H-1 COSY NMR and C-13-NMR. Assignments of NMR spectra were given and discussed in detail.

Extracting Decision Rules for Cooperative Team Air Combat Based on Rough Set Theory

In order to reduce redundant features in air combat information and to meet the requirements of real-time decision in combat, rough set theory is introduced to the tactical decision analysis in cooperative team air combat. An algorithm of attribute reduction for extracting key combat information and generating tactical rules from given air combat databases is presented. Then, considering the practical requirements of team combat, a method for reduction of attribute-values under single decision attribute is extended to the reduction under multi-decision attributes. Finally, the algorithm is verified with an example for tactical choices in team air combat. The results show that, the redundant attributes in air combat information can be reduced, and that the main combat attributes, i.e., the information about radar command and medium-range guided missile, can be obtained with the algorithm mentioned above, moreover, the minimal reduced strategy for tactical decision can be generated without losing the result of key information classification. The decision rules extracted agree with the real situation of team air combat.

Trend of Salt Lake Changes in the Background of Global Warming and Tactics for Adaptation to the Changes

Salt lakes are a mirror of climatic changes and provide holographic records of environmental changes of lakes. According to a study of geological hazards in typical salt lake areas in China and other regions, the authors explain how geological hazards in salt lake areas are caused by natural agents and how humans can seek benefits, avoid hazards and reduce losses on the premise that they have monitored and mastered the trend of salt lake changes in advance and even can store flood and recharge water in lakes and extract saline resources. The climate in western China is probably turning from warm-dry to warm-moist. The authors analyze the change trend of salt lakes sensu lato (with salinity≥0.3 wt% (NaCl)eq) and salt lakes sensu stricto (with salinity ≥3.5 wt% (NaCl)eq) in China in such climatic conditions and distinguish three types of salt lake areas (i.e. lake water rising type, lake water falling type and lake water rising and unstable type) according to the characteristics of lake water rising and shrinking. In order to conform to the climatic and lake changes in China's salt lake areas, the authors propose to add and improve hydrological and meteorological observation stations and integrate observations with remote sensing monitoring in important salt lake areas and set up multidisciplinary and interdepartmental basic projects to monitor and study recent climatic and environmental changes in salt lake areas of western China. Moreover, it is necessary to build additional flood-control and drought-preventing water conservancy facilities in key salt lake areas and work out measures for ecological protection in salt lake areas. Full consideration should be given to the influence of flooding when building saltfields and implementing capital projects.

Reproductive Behavior and Underwater Calls in the Emei Mustache Toad,Leptobrachium boringii

The Emei mustache toad, Leptobrachium boringii （Megophryidae）, is terrestrial but breeds in permanent streams. Primarily, it has a polygynous mating system and polyandry also occurs. The species vigorously defends submerged nest sites. We report on a reproductive study at Mt. Emei, western China conducted in 2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, and 2011 during the breeding season. Males produce both advertisement and courtship calls underwater, and the latter differs from the former in having an additional trill-like last note of low intensity. Females might determine the oviposition location and hence the egg mass location. A low, submissive posture can be adopted by the male to avoid being attacked by other males. When fighting, the maxillary nuptial spines are employed as weapons, and males hold their opponents on their spines with the forelimbs that enlarge during the breeding season. Male body size and the quantity of fight wounds on its ventral side are positively correlated. Satellite male mating might exist in L. boringii. Additionally, underwater calls from another population of this species and a population of L. leishanense generally are similar to those of the population from Mt. Emei.

Blockchain-based data transmission control for Tactical Data Link

Tactical Data Link(TDL)is a communication system that utilizes a particular message format and a protocol to transmit data via wireless channels in an instant,automatic,and secure way.So far,TDL has shown its excellence in military applications.Current TDL adopts a distributed architecture to enhance anti-destruction capacity.However,It still faces a problem of data inconsistency and thus cannot well support cooperation across multiple militarily domains.To tackle this problem,we propose to leverage blockchain to build an automatic and adaptive data transmission control scheme for TDL.It achieves automatic data transmission and realizes information consistency among different TDL entities.Besides,applying smart contracts based on blockchain further enables adjusting data transmission policies automatically.Security analysis and experimental results based on simulations illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed scheme.

Tactical intention recognition of aerial target based on XGBoost decision tree

In order to improve the accuracy of target intent recognition,a recognition method based on XGBoost(eXtreme Gradient Boosting)decision tree is proposed.This paper adopts relevant data and program of python to calculate the probability of tactical intention.Then the sequence intention probability is obtained by applying Dempster-Shafer rule of combination.To verify the accuracy of recognition results,we compare the experimental results of this paper with the results in the literatures.The experiment shows that the probability of tactical intention recognition through this method is improved,so this method is feasible.

Are“Internet+”tactics the key to poverty alleviation in China’s rural ethnic minority areas? Empirical evidence from Sichuan Province

China has made great efforts to alleviate poverty in rural ethnic minority areas and targeted achieving the poverty-alleviation task by the end of 2020.Aba,Ganzi,and Liangshan,three of the poorest ethnic prefectures in Sichuan Province,Southwest China,have all implemented“Internet+”tactics since 2013,which have had the positive effect of increasing family revenues by improving communication infrastructure and encouraging the large-scale use of e-commerce.This paper aims to comprehensively investigate whether“Internet+”tactics play a key role in poverty alleviation in Sichuan’s rural ethnic minority areas and to propose further measures to enhance the efficiency of e-commerce practice.To this end,we conduct an analysis using the framework of classic growth theory and use panel data from 2000 to 2018 to examine the relationship between Communication Infrastructure Investment(CII)and a set of poverty-alleviation indicators,including local GDP growth rate(LGGR),local government revenue(LGR),and per-capita income of residents(PCIR).The results indicate that strengthening CII improves the PCIR and local economic growth,playing a key role in poverty alleviation.However,the stimulation of CII on LGGR and LGR wanes as time passes.More financial and technical actions will be needed to improve the efficiency and quality of current strategies for sustainable development in those areas.