Estimation of evapotranspiration with drainage lysimeters in the Taihang Mountain area,China

In this research, the evapotranspiration （ET） of three native vegetation communities were measured using drainage lysime- ters in the Taihang Mountain area, China. They are a local grass, Themedajaponica, a local shrub, Vitex negundo var. heterophylla Rebd. and a mixture of both communities. The ET was measured using level lysimeters （with a slope of 0°） and slope lysimeters （with a slope of 25°）. In general, the measured ET was higher in the level lysimeters than in the slope lysimeters because of the water loss of surface runoff from the slope lysimeter. The total ETs over the growing season for the grass, shrub, and the mixture were 730.4, 742.0 and 790.7 mm, respectively in the level lysimeters, and 535.5, 504.1 and 540.1 mm, respectively in the slope lysimeters. In addition, the monthly ET peaked in August and had close linear relationship with leaf area index. The drainage lysimeter is an effective tool to estimate plant ET in mountain areas. The results from this research would provide scientific information for the vegetation recovery and sustainable development of forestry in the TM areas.

Current Situation of Information Demand of Farmers in Taihang Mountain Area: A Case Study of Pingshan County in Hebei Province

Since the reform and opening-up,economy of mountain areas in China has realized considerable development.However,due to such factors as terrain,traffic,and individual differences,compared with plain and coastal areas,mountain areas still lag far behind.In recent years,informationization construction of China develops rapidly,but it nearly stagnates in mountain rural areas.Information has become an essential factor restricting economic development of rural areas.Based on the survey of current information demand of farmers carried out in Pingshan County in Hebei Province in 2010,this study came up with relevant recommendations,in order to speed up development of rural economic in mountain areas,narrow the regional gap,improve living condition of farmers in mountain areas,and increase income level of farmers in mountain areas.

Evaluation of the production-living-ecology space function suitability of Pingshan County in the Taihang mountainous area,China

A rational utilization of land is a matter of importance in sustainable development of mountainous area.The land function in mountainous areas has a close connection with space structure of ecology,production and living.To promote a harmonious development of the relationship between people and nature in mountainous areas,it is necessary to coordinate their relationships of space functions.Suitability evaluation of basic unit function associated with multi-scale space analysis is a prerequisite to a reasonable optimization of land function structure.In this study,an optimized evaluation index system of combination functions was introduced into the assessment of ecological spatial functional suitability in ecological fragile regions by adding three indicators,namely,soil erosion sensitivity,landscape ecological risk and ecological sensitivity.The principle of"taking high"(referred to a function with high suitability to be regarded as the main function of an evaluation unit)and ecological priority(referred to the case,supposing the suitability of a unit’s three functions is consistent,the main function is determined to be the ecological function)were used to determine the main function of an evaluation unit.Pingshan County,China,located at the eastern foot of the Taihang Mountain,was targeted in this case study.The production-livingecology space(PLES)function in Pingshan was identified by applying our improved valuation indexes.Further,the functional suitability distribution of the combination of elements was obtained by using overlapping comprehensive analysis method,considering the tradeoff of the functional suitability of combination elements.The regions suitable for production/living were distributed in relatively flat piedmont plains,whereas the regions suitable for ecology were distributed in the mountain areas of middle and low altitudes.Therefore,to maintain a sustainable development in mountainous areas,an improved scheme of development for Pingshan should be to delineate ecologically fragile areas,to build ecological industrial parks near existing scenic spots,to protect basic agricultural production areas,and to increase investment in science and technology,including reasonable ecological compensation.This study can provide reference for the planning of sustainable development in the Taihang Mountain area and similar regions.

Compilation Mode for the Integrated Planning of Lake Scenic Areas——A Case Study of the Longhu Lake Scenic Area in the Taihang Mountains

In view of lake scenic areas with abundant tourist resources but less-developed economy,contradictions between the urgency of its tourist resource development and complexity of urban-rural planning compilation were analyzed,and also limitations summarized as insufficient time and fund.Statutory planning contents included in the integrated compilation system were elaborated,and compilation of the integrated planning for the Longhe Lake Scenic Area in the Taihang Mountains was taken for example to introduce planning concepts of the compilation technical system.Considering characteristics of the study area,"regionality" was stressed as the foundation of planning compilation,concise,convenient and practical planning compilation contents were advocated and further explained from the perspectives of compiling by layer and category.In view of this,it is necessary to apply integrated compilation mode under certain circumstances,so as to provide a new approach for the planning compilation of other regions in China and enhance economic and social development of local areas.

Analysis on Change Tendency of the Precipitation Resource during Growth Period of the Conventional Crops in Plain Area before Taihang Mountains

[Objective] The aim was to study change tendency of the precipitation resource during growth period of the conventional crops in plain area before Taihang Mountains. [ Method] Based on daily precipitation data at Shijiazhuang meteorological station in recent 51 years, average rainfall dudng growth periods of the 9 kinds of conventional crops was obtained. Precipitation tendency dudng growth periods of the 9 kinds of conventional crops in plain area before Taihang Mountains was analyzed by Mann-Kendall nonparametric test. [ Result] Seen from rainfall during growth pedods of the different crops, rainfall was the least during the growth period of winter wheat, followed by summer corn. Rainfall during growth peri- ods of the cotton, oil plant, vegetable, fruit tree, potato, rice and legumes was more. Under different guaranteed rates, precipitation change also had difference. Rainfall change during growth periods of the wheat and corn was bigger, and rainfall change during growth period of the rice was smaller. Change degree of the precipitation during growth periods of the cotton, oil plant, vegetable, fruit tree and legumes was equivalent, while precipitation change during growth period of the potato was the biggest. Seen from change tendency of the precipitation during growth periods of the different crops, precipitation in the growth period of winter wheat was increasing at a speed of 0.62 mm/a. However, precipitation in growth periods of the other crops had a decreasing tendency. Precipitation in the growth periods of summer corn and legumes decreased at the same speed which was 2.11 mm/a, while precipitation in growth periods of the cotton, oil plant, vegetable, fruit tree, potato and rice decreased insignificantly. [ Con dusion] The study laid foundation for determination of the agricultural irrigation water and provided theoretical reference for regional agricultural water-saving.

基于“源-汇”理论的山区农村居民点“三生空间”优化研究——以井陉县为例

本研究根据农村居民点以及太行山区县域“三生空间”分布特征,基于“源-汇”理论和MCR模型,从生态源地扩张和生产源地扩张的角度,依据“三生”功能构建阻力面指标体系,计算最小累积阻力面差,实现县域“三生空间”的划分和农村居民点分类整治优化。结果表明:(1)基于“源-汇”理论的最小累积阻力模型在山区“三生空间”格局构建,农村居民点分类整治中具有相容性和可行性;(2)研究区以生态保护区和生态优化区为主,生态空间占比59.5%,以生态功能为主,农村居民点分布中生产功能占比62.7%,以生产功能导向为主,因此,乡村整治要根据农村居民所处的主导功能分类整治;(3)乡村整治应综合考虑农村居民点的生活、生产、生态功能特征,分类促进山区乡村振兴和生态文明建设。

太行山区阜平县温泉水化学特征及成因分析

河北省阜平县位于太行山腹地,温泉出露于变质岩地层和变质核杂岩构造区,开展温泉水化学及成因分析,对于变质岩区隆起山地型地热资源的勘查开发具有一定的指导意义。本文基于阜平县自然地理及区域地热地质背景,采用野外调查及采样测试等手段,综合运用水化学及稳定同位素等方法明确了温泉水化学特征和主要离子物质来源,初步推测了温泉的补给来源、深部热源等。阜平县温泉水质总体呈弱碱性,变质岩区温泉水化学类型为SO_(4)^(-)Na型,碳酸盐岩区为HCO_(3)^(-)Ca·Mg型,水化学演化以风化溶解作用为主导,阳离子交换作用为辅。温泉流体中的SO4^(2+)、Na^(+)主要来自硫化物和硅酸盐溶解,HCO_(3)^(2-)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)主要来自碳酸盐溶解。研究区温泉的补给水源为大气降水,并具有轻微的18O漂移现象,补给高程为1500~2600m,推测补给区位于研究区西北部变质岩区和东北部的碳酸盐岩区;研究区温泉样品均达石英理论平衡溶解线,估算热储温度56.46~133.71℃,循环深度2213.0~8092.3m;研究区温泉热源主要来自深部幔枝构造、低速高导层及构造热,韧性剪切带和深大断裂作为传热通道,地表热显示主要受控于断裂构造。研究区地热资源属于深循环可再生能源,热储温度达中高温标准,可进一步开展深部地热资源的勘查开发工作,促进当地经济绿色可持续发展,助力阜平县乡村建设。

南太行自然保护地空间分布格局及交叉重叠关系研究

以南太行地区5种类型99处国家级和省级自然保护地为研究对象,运用最邻近点指数、地理集中指数和核密度分析法并借助GIS的空间分析功能,对南太行自然保护地的空间分布特征以及交叉重叠情况进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,南太行自然保护地森林公园的数量最多,自然保护区面积最大,长治市内的保护地分布数量最多,整体呈集聚的空间分布类型;其保护地按照密度值可分为3档,大多为点状分布,高密度区主要呈带状和团块状分布在南太行东部地带及部分南部地区;99处保护地中存在27处交叉重叠,风景名胜区交地质公园是最多的重叠类型。

南太行山区聚落空间格局特征及其影响因子——以河南新乡地区为例

【目的】南太行山区是中部地区重要的生态屏障,探究南太行山区聚落空间格局特征及其影响因子对聚落的保护和发展具有重要意义。【方法】提取聚落斑块,通过景观指数、最小累积阻力模型量化河南省新乡地区南太行山区聚落空间格局,并通过指标聚类分析聚落基本类型,再运用地理加权回归模型探索该地区聚落空间格局特征的影响因子。【结果】1)研究区内聚落空间格局特征存在显著地域性差异,聚落邻近水系及道路分布,平缓地带的聚落规模较大、密度高且形态较复杂,深山区聚落则规模小、密度低且形态较规则。2)区域内聚落可根据地形条件分为6类,其中小规模中密度条带型聚落数量在全域最多,是山区聚落中最常见的类型;数量中等的2类聚落规模较大、密度高、形状较复杂,多分布在山前平原、丘陵区及盆地;规模最大、密度较高且边缘规则的聚落数量最少,位于平原地带。3)降水、气温是影响聚落规模的主要因素,高程、人口规模、坡度、可达性、与水系和耕地的距离、耕地面积等也对聚落规模产生影响。其他体现聚落形状特征、邻近特征的景观格局指数的影响因子,大部分回归结果不理想,模型解释力较弱。【结论】研究基于地理网格精确描绘了南太行山区聚落的空间格局特征和基本类型,并运用地理加权回归模型揭示了影响因子及其空间异质性。在推进乡村振兴时,应结合上述成果合理规划,确保可持续发展。

供需关系下保定太行山区生态系统服务时空演化研究

为明确区域生态系统服务供给和需求的匹配关系,实现区域生态和社会经济的可持续发展,基于InVEST模型,量化太行山区保定段8个县域2005-2020年粮食供给和碳固定服务的供给量和需求量,对供需关系的时空特征进行研究,并为保定太行山区的生态系统服务管理提出合理建议。研究结果显示:(1)2005-2020年保定太行山区的粮食供给服务供给量呈现波动上升的趋势,需求量和供需比呈现持续上升的趋势;产水服务供给量和需求量呈现逐步上升的趋势,而供需比呈先上升后下降的趋势;碳固定服务供给量呈现先下降后上升的趋势,需求量呈现持续增长的趋势,供需比呈先上升后下降的趋势。(2)2005-2020年保定太行山区的粮食供给-产水-碳固定服务和3种生态系统服务的供需比均呈现"西北高,东南低"的分布特征。(3)2005-2020年保定太行山区的3种生态系统服务均以高供给低需求的供需特征为主,粮食供给-产水-碳固定服务的供需以供给大于需求为主。研究结果有助于了解保定太行山区的生态系统服务供需均衡匹配状况,并指导生态系统的管理和规划。

河北省太行山区绿色农业发展问题与路径优化研究

发展绿色农业是推动现代农业高质量发展的必然要求。作为京津冀生态屏障的太行山区要统筹农业发展与生态保护,将山区资源优势转化为产业优势,推动农业绿色发展。河北省太行山区具备发展绿色农业的资源优势和产业基础,也存在着土地细碎化、产业化程度低、劳动力老龄化等问题。着力培育新型经营主体以发挥示范带动作用、加快土地流转以实现规模化作业、成立科技创新联盟以突破共性关键技术、打造区域公用品牌以提升产品市场竞争力,从而推动河北省太行山区绿色农业发展。

基于域—生物群系—功能群分类的生态系统类型识别及时空格局变化分析——以河北省太行山区为例

[目的]科学识别河北省太行山区生态系统类型,是理解河北省太行山区生态系统时空分布格局和支撑生态系统分类管理的基础。[方法]基于域—生物群系—功能群(RBE)的分类原理,构建了包括3个1级,8个2级和24个3级类的生态系统分类体系,并集成多源数据,开展了2000和2020年的河北省太行山区生态系统的分类制图。基于RUSLE模型、InVEST模型和热点分析等方法,分析生态系统服务的时空格局演变。[结果]①河北省太行山区20 a间建设用地生态系统增加最多,主要来自农田生态系统。农田生态系统缩减了61105.95 hm^(2),以雨养农田为主。受人类活动的影响,河流和人工湿地面积分别增加了5584.32和2535.66 hm^(2),而林地和草地生态系统减幅分别为0.96%和8.18%。未利用地生态系统受研究区生态保护措施影响减少5800.68 hm^(2)。②生态系统服务值受生态系统类型分布影响总体呈现西高东低的分布格局,除粮食供给服务为西低东高,主要是由于农田主要分布在东部地区。③冷热点区域空间分布整体上具有重叠性,但仍有差异。[结论]提出的分类体系具有可行性,分类精度达到80%以上,符合研究区的生态系统类型变化趋势,可为识别山区生态系统分类和生态系统保护修复政策提供科学支撑,进而促进山区生态发展目标和可持续发展的实现。

太行山北段赤瓦屋铜钼矿及外围地-物-化-遥综合信息找矿靶区预测

【研究目的】赤瓦屋铜钼矿位于太行山北段成矿带,属于找矿突破战略的重点勘查区域,目前找矿工作进入瓶颈期,本研究对下一步找矿突破具有重要指导意义。【研究方法】本文基于对赋矿岩体、矿床地质特征、地球物理、地球化学和遥感地质的综合研究,分析找矿标志。【研究结果】认为赤瓦屋铜钼矿与深部花岗斑岩有关,具有斑岩型矿床的典型矿化特征,形成于早白垩世;研究区环形构造发育,大型环形构造与赤瓦屋岩体及外围隐伏岩体有关,小微型环形构造多数与隐蔽爆破角砾岩或隐伏小岩株有关;地球化学异常及遥感蚀变异常的空间分布吻合程度高,对矿化具有显著的控制作用;提出了4个找矿靶区。【结论】在赤瓦屋岩体内部应把确定隐爆角砾岩体和隐伏花岗斑岩体的空间位置作为找矿工作的重点,以寻找Cu、Mo矿为主;外围应以Cu、Au、Ag多金属矿为主。

山西省太行山区和吕梁山区灌草生境昆虫种类及多样性研究

于2022年7月,对山西省太行山区和吕梁山区典型灌草生境的昆虫种类进行调查,并开展多样性研究。结果表明,在太行山区灌草生境中共采集到1702头昆虫,隶属于8目40科78种,优势目为直翅目、半翅目和鞘翅目,优势科为叶蝉科、网翅蝗科和剑角蝗科;在吕梁山区灌草生境中共采集到1958头昆虫,隶属于8目36科74种,优势目为直翅目、鞘翅目和半翅目,优势科为网翅蝗科、斑翅蝗科和芫菁科。总体来看,吕梁山区昆虫的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数较高,表明吕梁山区的昆虫物种丰富,有较为稳定的群落结构。太行山区昆虫的Simpson优势度指数较高,表明太行山区昆虫群落集中性较高,存在明显的优势种群。

河北省太行山域白瓷艺术研究

作为中国北方重要的白瓷生产区,太行山白瓷以其鲜明的艺术风格和精湛技艺而知名。通过分析邢窑白瓷历史起源、艺术表现、技术发展及对陶瓷艺术史的贡献,揭示了其艺术与文化价值,为理解和研究中国北方陶瓷艺术提供了新视角。

太行山区河谷内居民点的特征及其分布格局的研究——以河北省阜平县为例

以河北省阜平县的 5条河流主流河谷为案例 ,全面分析了河谷内居民点的斑块特征和分布格局。表明 ,河谷内的居民点位置基本是在的向阳一侧靠近坡脚的地方 ,一般以狭长形状为主 ;居民点面积在河谷面积中所占的比例在各个河段的变化很大 ,但不同河流居民点面积占河谷面积的比例十分接近 ,在 10 %～ 17%的范围内变动。在研究区内 ,河段内居民点的面积与河谷面积、河谷内农田面积是呈正相关的 ,表明本地区河谷内的居民对河谷土地具有很强的依赖性 ;河谷内的居民点增加使河谷林木急剧减少 ,但居民点内部和周围的河谷林木为其安全性。

河北太行山区土地利用/覆被变化及其环境效应

根据1996—2001年土地调查数据,分析太行山区土地利用变化特征。阐述城乡建设用地增加、土地过度垦殖、林草覆盖减少导致水土流失加剧、耕层土壤遭到破坏、水利设施受损、水旱灾害频繁等不良后果。对不同土地覆被盖度下的减灾效应进行比较,提出发展生态农业的对策与建议。

土壤水对降水和地表覆盖的响应

该文试图通过坡面径流场试验,对无覆盖、秸秆覆盖和石子覆盖的径流小区内土壤水进行连续定位观测,以期探讨太行山区土壤水对降水和覆盖方式的响应.结果表明,长期干旱条件下,特别是当30cm土层土壤含水量低于20%时,单次降水很难入渗至30cm以下;从响应时间看,在30cm深处,石子覆盖响应最快,秸秆覆盖次之,无覆盖响应最慢;在60cm深处则不同,秸秆覆盖响应最快,石子覆盖次之,无覆盖响应最慢;100cm处石子覆盖土壤水最先增加,而秸秆覆盖则滞后了10h,无覆盖响应最慢;无覆盖处理30cm土壤含水量比石子覆盖平均低0.13cm3cm3,比秸秆覆盖平均低0.07cm3cm3,表明覆盖有利于土壤水的保存.秸秆覆盖对60cm土层入渗的效果比石子好,然而,石子覆盖的保水效果却好于秸秆覆盖.

燕山-太行山片区旅游精准扶贫识别案例实证——以河北涞水县为例

旅游精准扶贫是区域通过旅游产业发展实现精准扶贫的一种策略和手段。然而,旅游精准扶贫具有明确的适用条件,区域能否通过旅游实现精准扶贫,需要进行科学识别。目前,已经有学者从理论上构建了旅游精准扶贫的识别体系,但相关案例实证较少。基于此,文章以河北涞水县为例,借鉴学者构建的旅游精准扶贫识别体系,对燕山-太行山片区旅游精准扶贫识别进行了案例实证。研究表明,在开发条件层面,涞水县域内包含一个5A级景区,周边京、津、冀、内蒙古客源充足,且基础设施较为完善;旅游开发项目上,涞水县所采取的方式主要为"自下而上",即在驻村帮扶干部的带动下,让村民表达自身在旅游扶贫项目选择上的意见,参与到旅游扶贫项目开发识别决策中;在目标人群层面,涞水县的旅游扶贫对象不局限于贫困村的贫困人口,对于已经发展得较好的非贫困村的贫困人口,也给予了较大关注。涞水县的案例实证研究,为其他县域旅游精准扶贫提供了可以借鉴的经验,具有重要的现实价值。

邢台西部太行山区种子植物区系及与其它山区区系的关系

邢台西部太行山区位于河北省西南部,属于太行山脉南段。区内植物种类丰富,地理成分复杂,具明显的温带性质,同时,与热带又有一定的历史渊源。运用R/T值、区系谱等方法对本区及部分山区地理成分进行比较研究,结果表明邢台西部太行山区植物区系与山西太岳山和中条山、北京东灵山及河北雾灵山关系最为密切,与河北小五台山、甘肃六盘山和崆峒山及吉林长白山关系次之,与湖北神农架和湖南八大公山关系较远,与福建龙栖山关系最远。