On the Cultural Contents and Settlements of Northern Taiwan’s Prehistoric Peoples

This paper makes use of the most recent archaeological data to examine and present the lifestyles at prehistoric settlements of northern Taiwan,in order to understand the developmental changes in the appearances of cultural contents and settlement patterns of these prehistoric cultures of northern Taiwan over several thousand years.On the basis of current archaeological data,it is clear that Shuntanpu Early Culture,Shuntanpu Late Culture,Yuanshan Culture,Botanical Garden Culture,and Shihsanhang Culture all had stilt-type(raised-platform)housing.Wooden pillars were erected in round holes of approximately 10-20 cm(though some are larger)dug into the earth,gravel layer,or sandstone bedrock,and it is surmised that these were then made more stable by packing small stones or ramming earth into the holes around the pillars.Coming to the long-standing controversy as to the origins of the Shihsanhang Culture,Shihsanhang Culture clearly inherited important content from the prehistoric cultures that inhabited northern Taiwan over the previous several thousand years and represents the developmental evolution of northern Taiwan archaeological cultures.One other aspect:Shihsanhang Culture has a stronger maritime character.Not only did it have frequent contacts with other contemporaneous archaeological cultures in Taiwan,but also conducted trading interactions with people in China and Southeast Asia,shaping Shihsanhang’s complex and unique cultural appearance.

Interpreting The Clockmaker from the Perspective of Greenblatt’s Cultural Poetics

Thomas·C·Haliburton(1796-1865)establishes a literary fame as“the first Canadian writer to establish an international reputation”and a great humorist,with the publication of his masterpiece The Clockmaker(1836).Centering on Nova Scotia,the origin place of Canadian literature and the first British colony in Canada,the book conveys deep concerns on local reality under the British colonization in the 1830s.Haliburton as a Loyalist firmly opposes violent revolution against the British Empire whereas promotes gradual evolution in the colony.This is a typical demonstration of ideological contradictions in colonies.Greenblatt’s Cultural Poetics generally explores political consciousness and ideology in literary texts.It surpasses the dichotomy mode of Western radical ideology and never views the relationship between domination and resistance as a simple confrontation.From the perspective of Greenblatt’s Culture Poetics,this essay interprets the process of“improvisation of power”,“subversion”and“containment”in the colony reflected in The Clockmaker in order to explore Nova Scotians’awakening of independence awareness in the 1830s.

Bacterial diversity in Arctic marine sediment determined by culture-dependent and-independent approaches

Bacterial diversity in surface sediment from the Arctic Ocean was investigated by culture-dependent and-independent approaches. Conventional culture-dependent techniques revealed 11 strains based on their distinct morphological characteristics on marine Zobell 2216E agar plates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these isolates belonged to three major lineages of the Bacteria,γ-proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, and that they included 10 genera. Most isolates were psychrotrophic, and NaCl was not necessary for their growth. Furthermore, they exhibited activity of at least one extracellular hydrolytic enzyme at 4＆#176;C and had various abilities to assimilate carbon sources. A total of 67 phylotypes were detected among 142 clones based on the 16S rRNA library of the total community DNA and grouped into nine major lineages of bacteria. Phylotypes afifliated withγ-,δ-andε-proteobacteria accounted for 36.7%, 21.8%and 16.9%of the total clones, respectively. The rest of the clones belonged to Bacteroidetes,α-proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Nitrospirae and an unclassiifed group.

Research on the Training Mode of “the Combination of College Students’ Extracurricular English Autonomous Learning and Chinese Culture” Based on WeChat Platform

In today’s college English extracurricular learning,college students often neglect the combination of English language learning and the input of Chinese traditional cultural knowledge,paying too much attention to Western culture learning,ignoring their traditional culture and lead to be speechless when encountering cultural exchange activities.The author believes that college students should pay attention to the input of Chinese traditional cultural content in the process of independent English learning outside the classroom.The creative team of college students led by the author through the WeChat platform,in Xinjiang Agricultural University,conducted a combination of Chinese culture input and English autonomous learning,aiming at strengthening the effectiveness of English learning,improving the self-learning ability and intercultural communication skills.

Comparing results of cultured and uncultured biological methods used in biological phosphorus removal

Increasing attention has been paid to phosphate-accumulating organisms （PAOs） for their important role in biological phosphorus removal. In this study, microbial communities of PAOs cultivated under different carbon sources （sewage, glucose, and sodium acetate） were investigated and compared through culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, respectively. The results obtained using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rDNA fragments revealed that the diversity of bacteria in a sewage-fed reactor （1#） was much higher than in a glucose-fed one （2#） and a sodium acetate-fed one （3#）; there were common PAOs in three reactors fed by different carbon sources. Five strains were separated from three systems by using a phosphaterich medium; they were from common bacteria isolated and three isolates could not be found in DGGE profile at all. Two isolates had good phosphorus removal ability. When the microbial diversity was studied, the molecular biological method was better than the culture-dependent one. When phosphorus removal characteristics were investigated, culture-dependent approach was more effective. Thus a combination of two methods is necessary to have a comprehensive view of PAOs.

中国教育学自主建构的广义认识论条件

中国教育学的自主建构不只是教育学学科发展不可回避的问题,也是中国社会进一步发展的必然需求,在某种意义上,也是全球化时代更好地服务于国家教育发展的理性选择。然而,中国教育学的自主建构以至中国教育学自主性的实现,并不只是一个愿望上的或认识上的问题,还需要做相关的条件上的准备。不过,所谓条件归根到底都是关联着认识活动的,可以称之为广义认识论条件。简而言之,中国教育学的自主建构需要具备三个层面的广义认识论条件:一是教育学学者的精神自立。其操作性的内涵是学者须具有求真至善的学者精神和务实创新的学术精神。二是教育学研究的认识论自觉。研究者不仅须知教育学兼有思想性和科学性,而且须有研究方法论上的理性。三是教育学建构的文化自信。只有这样,中国教育学研究才能够摆脱以往被国外教育学研究带路的局面,进而步入自主发展的阶段。

Theatrical Hybridity, Thy Name Is Conflict： A Case Study on Holo Taiwan Residents Opera Troupe＇s Tai Tzu Fu Chou （The Prince＇s Vengeful Plan）

Holo Taiwan Residents Opera Troupe has produced a series of intercultural performances in Taiwan Residents Opera since the troupe adapted Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol＇s （1809-1852） The Government Inspector in 1996. In fact, there is a huge controversy over these intercultural performances which fuse western drama with traditional Taiwan Residents performing art because such a kind of theatrical hybridity lacks the spirit of the original and damages the aesthetics of native performing art practice. In 2002, Holo adapted William Shakespeare＇s Hamlet into a six-hour-long performance, Tai Tzu Fu Chou （The Prince＇s Vengeful Plan）, which the troupe tried to explore new source for traditional Taiwan Residents Opera and expected to bring something new to Taiwan Residents audience. However, The Prince＇s Vengeful Plan is considered ＂cultural collage＂ as well as an unsuccessful intercultural performance. Besides, The Prince＇s Vengeful Plan is accused to blaspheme Shakespeare because the performance merely maintains the frame of the original and distorts the spirit of the original. According to Rustom Bharucha, the most problematic aspect of intercultural performance is ＂de-historicizing tendency＂, and such a condition explains why Holo＇s The Prince＇s Vengeful Plan cannot transcend the original. In order to detect the problems of intercultural adaptation in Holo＇s The Prince Vengeful Plan, we cover the related issues in three aspects： （1） to discuss the development of Taiwan Residents Opera in Taiwan; （2） to explore the cultural conflicts when the text of the source culture is adapted into the performance of the target culture; and （3） to see how and why the spirit and aesthetics of Shakespeare＇s verses in Hamlet are distorted in Holo＇s theatrical adaptation. After that, we expect to conclude the impossibility of adapting Shakespeare＇s play into traditional Taiwan Residents Opera in the case of Holo＇s The Prince＇s Vengeful Plan.

巩固文化主体性,建构中国自主知识体系

习近平总书记指出,“加快构建中国特色哲学社会科学,归根结底是建构中国自主的知识体系”。中国特色哲学社会科学的核心在于“中国特色”,中国自主知识体系的关键在于“中国自主”。中华文化主体性和中国自主知识体系密切相关、相辅相成,共同促进中华民族现代文明建设。在文化主体性基础上建构中国自主知识体系,要特别注重“三个重构”,即重构史观,以大历史观正确认识和理解文化和文明;重构叙事体系,坚持不忘本来、吸收外来、面向未来;重构话语体系,构建国内主流意识形态话语权和国际话语权。

“台湾400年史”之说的由来、谬误与危害

所谓“台湾400年史”之说,是将中国台湾“有史时代”的长度界定为400年,将十六七世纪葡萄牙、荷兰、西班牙等西方国家对中国台湾的“发现”与殖民侵略视为台湾历史的“开端”,是“台独”分子建构“台独史观”的重要基础。虽然该说与连横《台湾通史》的某些表述有表面相似之处,但是内涵完全不同。“台独”分子宣传“台湾400年史”之说的主要目的,一为鼓吹在西方殖民者的影响下,中国台湾历史发展已“脱离中国”,融入世界;二为淡化乃至抹杀西方殖民者到来之前中国台湾与内地之间的长期往来的交流历史。所谓十六七世纪中国台湾与世界“接轨”,不过是当时中国经贸开始与西方接轨这一庞大历史进程的有机组成部分,也是自古以来两岸有着密切历史联系的证据,更是中国台湾历史不可分割的重要内容。为此,应正本清源,与“台独史观”进行坚决斗争,向两岸人民传递正确的中国史观。

华人本土心理学与中国心理学自主知识体系建构——杨中芳教授专访

发端于中国台湾的华人本土心理学,旨在跳出西方心理学理论、方法及知识体系,“将华人当华人来研究”,最终建构基于中国文化/社会/历史背景的,贴合中国人的心理学知识体系。自20世纪80年代以来,亲历过美国社会心理学文化反思的杨中芳教授长期游走于海峡两岸和香港,在大陆心理学及社会心理学重建之初,即将华人本土心理学介绍给大陆心理学界,并通过培训人才和组建中山大学心理学系,对大陆心理学的发展产生了重要的推动作用。然而,40多年来,大陆的心理学仍然不可避免地经历了以学习西方为主的发展与繁荣,本土心理学的声势却相对微弱。直到最近,我国社会科学界兴起中国自主知识体系建构的大潮,围绕心理学及社会科学本土化的争论高潮迭起。杨中芳教授以其持续40多年的华人本土心理学探索经验,以及围绕中庸心理学所建构的中国文化视角下的心理学知识体系,对当下如何建构中国心理学自主知识体系提供了典范和宝贵的经验借鉴。

《反分裂国家法》非和平方式条款的规范释义

《反分裂国家法》是集反“台独”、反干涉、促和平于一体的法律,在“台独”分裂分子加紧勾连外部势力,谋求“渐进式台独”的新情势下,对《反分裂国家法》非和平方式条款进行解读具有现实意义,具体而言,实体要件方面,基于原则性与灵活性考量,需厘清“台独”分裂势力的内涵与边界,同时结合《反分裂国家法》第8条的法律文本,释明非和平方式及其他必要措施的启动要件;程序要件方面,立足《中华人民共和国宪法》以及《中华人民共和国国防法》《中华人民共和国国家安全法》等军事法的体系解释,明确国务院、中央军事委员会应急处置权的联合属性,并强调中央军事委员会的主导地位。

中国创新文化自主价值的发现及其社会生成

中国创新文化的发展是一个不断更迭演进的过程。新时代我国应在肯定形态下发现中国创新文化的自主价值及其解释力,并基于文化生成性把握其趋势和走向,即将问题视域转向文化自信的提升,建立“以我为主”的创新文化体系;以文化范式为基础寻求并确立新时代创新文化的新思维,真正发挥创新文化的引擎和支撑作用;汲取丰富的文化资源,取得创新文化竞争的主动性。创新文化建设的时代任务已经明确,需要经由文化自信的引领力,巩固创新文化之生成的价值基础;经由创新精神的再启蒙,巩固创新文化之生成的主体基础;经由创新实践,巩固创新文化之生成的本体论基础。

重构中国古代文学自主知识体系

中国古代的“文学”观念源自孔子的经典教育,其功能是以文传道、以文化人、以文辅政、以文抒情,承担着建构、传递精神价值和社会价值的责任。这一传统在近现代以来被人为中断,以“情绪性”“文艺性”为特征的纯文学观念代替了传统文学观念,致使传统文学功能萎缩,成为一门纯粹的知识性学科。学术界为了复兴传统文化,先后提出了建设国学、经学、中国古典学等主张和方案,但都与传统文化根基之学有一定的距离。因此,应回归古代文学传统,以语言文字为前提,以经典文献为载体,以文化传承为目标,以文学审美为特色,形成一个主体突出、层次完整、相互支撑的自主知识体系;同时,对传统文学的话语资源进行清理、提炼,在意义域设定、论题设置、阐释策略、研究者主体性的建构等方面,继承创新,形成民族特色话语方式,将古代文学重构成为一门传统文化的根基之学。

转设背景下独立学院校园体育文化建设的困境与策略思考

文章运用文献资料研究法对转设背景下独立学院校园体育文化建设的困境进行研究,从校园体育文化在独立学院建设的重要功能、转设背景下独立学院校园体育文化建设呈现的困境以及积极推进转设背景下独立学院校园体育文化建设的有效策略等方面进行分析,旨在更好促进转设过程中的独立学院校园体育文化建设和育人成效。

从跨文化哲学的视角看中国自主知识体系的建构

中国自主知识体系的建构不仅关乎文化自信,也关系到中国在全球对话中的参与和贡献。自主知识体系的核心在于摆脱对外来思想的依赖,建构自己的理论体系。但自主知识体系并非意味着文化封闭或学术孤立,而是在批判性吸收外来知识的基础上发展具有中国特色的理论框架和研究范式。当下知识界对自主知识体系存在种种误解,如将其等同于狭隘民族主义或对学术自由的限制,这些误解会妨碍这一宏大工程的顺利实施。跨文化哲学的问题意识、跨学科视角以及对多元、包容、开放、平等、反思、批判等的强调,可以为自主知识体系的建构提供多方面的启示,同时跨文化交流中存在的一些难题也为自主知识体系的建构带来挑战。从跨文化哲学的视角看,自主知识体系的建构要重点处理好文化自主性与文化开放性的关系,只有在保持文化自信的同时,积极吸纳外来文化,才能构建出既具有中国特色又能为全球知识体系贡献智慧的自主知识体系。

赖和文学实践与日据时期台湾地区士人精神的嬗变

赖和既是台湾地区新文学形式的重要创建者,同时又终生不离传统汉诗创作。异族殖民统治与世界民族自决思潮,激发出赖和强烈的民族意识与社会责任感。他既借鉴传统士人的出处进退方式以安顿身心,也以天下情怀投入台湾地区社会运动,推动台湾地区社会文化秩序重建。其新文学实践以断裂方式继承中国士人精神传统,既透露出日据时期台湾地区知识分子精神世界的递嬉流变,同时也反映这种变化与中国士人传统有深刻的联系。日据时期,赖和虽以台湾地区为其文学实践的主要场域,但其文学实践的主体精神不能简单地归结为“台湾意识”,而是融合了遗民气节、现代启蒙思想与抵抗殖民意识的新型士人精神。

中华优秀传统法律文化的创造性转化研究

习近平总书记在文化传承发展座谈会上强调,要“把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际、同中华优秀传统文化相结合”,从而不断推动马克思主义中国化时代化,推动中华优秀传统文化创造性转化、创新性发展。中华文明自古以来就以开放包容著称于世。中华文明突出的包容性,决定了中华民族交往交流交融的历史取向和中华文化对世界文明兼收并蓄的开放胸怀。中华优秀传统法律文化是中华优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要思想源泉。中华优秀传统法律文化的创造性转化,要坚持古为今用、推陈出新的原则,处理好守正与创新之间的辩证关系,通过改革和转化,赋予中华优秀传统法律文化新的时代内涵和现代表达。良法善治彰显了中华民族建构法治秩序的理性态度。中华优秀传统法律文化在司法审判中具有价值引导功能,优秀传统礼仪文化在践行社会主义核心价值观中具有行为规范作用,建成法治国家则是实现中华优秀传统法律文化创造性转化的价值目标。这就要求在中国式现代化建设实践中推动中华优秀传统法律文化创造性转化,在“人的全面发展”进程中推动中华优秀传统法律文化创造性转化,在自主知识体系建构过程中谱写中华文明新华章。

中华文化经典融入国际中文教育自主知识体系的理论思考与实践设计

作为新兴学科,国际中文教育要适应新时代人才培养的需求,在内涵建设上也面临新的发展和挑战。在此背景下,构建国际中文教育的自主知识体系必须以学科和专业特色为本位,形成相应的教学目标、教学内容及教学手段。汉语与中华文化经典存在密不可分的传承关系和相互证释作用,在国际中文教育中融入中华文化经典十分必要。中华文化经典不仅能提供高价值的语言教学资源,起到知识示范性作用,还能引导文化认知,充实教学内容,推动教学方法革新,促进师生教研意识和学术能力的提升,从而产生知识生产性作用。中华文化经典的教学应用可以从资源建设、教学内容、教学方法、测试方式、教师发展等多个角度进行具体设计,从而对国际中文教育发挥其务实作用,具备可操作性。

习近平文化思想对马克思主义的创新性发展

习近平文化思想是在系统把握马克思主义文化理论、创造性转化和创新性发展中华优秀传统文化的基础上,对新时代中国共产党领导中国特色社会主义文化建设实践经验的理论总结。在文化发展的主体性、相对独立性和系统性方面,习近平文化思想实现了对马克思主义文化理论的创新性发展。首先,习近平文化思想以“两个结合”理念创新,阐释了文化发展的主体性原理,解决了马克思主义一元指导与现实文化多样性之间的矛盾。其次,习近平文化思想以文化自觉自信创新,阐释了文化发展的相对独立性原理,全面揭示了经济基础与文化发展之间的辩证关系。再者,习近平文化思想以文化战略谋划创新,阐释了文化发展的系统性原理,对中国特色社会主义文化发展具有整体引领意义。

族源与地缘:闽台新客家建筑

建筑文化的形成离不开其所处地区的自然条件和历史文化,文化也随着人类的迁徙得到传播和发展。本文从族源和地缘的相关性出发,以福建省和台湾地区的新客家建筑为研究对象,从客家民系、地理等学科与建筑学的交叉研究角度出发,比较分析当代闽台地区新客家建筑的异同,探讨族群、地缘与建筑文化的关联性,并探索建立闽台建筑比较研究的基本范式,从而为当代地域建筑研究与设计实践提供一定的理论基础。