Factors That Determine the Adoption of Improved Irish Potato Technologies by Farmers in the Western Region of Cameroon

This work examined the determinants of the adoption of improved Irish potato technologies by farmers in three divisions of the Western Region of Cameroon. Data were collected from 170 farmers from 14 villages in our study area using a mixed-method approach—structured questionnaires, focus group discussion, key informant interviews, and participatory observations with individual farmers and farmers belonging to cooperative and common initiative groups. The study employed descriptive statistics and regression analysis to assess the adoption status of farmers and its determinants. The logistic regression analysis showed that farmers’ experience in the cultivation of potatoes, the number of follow-ups, and access to extension facilities after training had a significant positive effect on the adoption of these new technologies while membership to an association had a significant negative effect. Additionally, farmers who received improved seeds from NGOs were more likely to adopt a technology than those who did not. Our results suggested that constant follow-up and training of experienced farmers and the provision of improved potato seeds have the potential of maintaining high rates of Irish potato adoption west in Cameroon irrespective of whether they belong to cooperative or not. We recommend that the number of follow-ups, extension training, and market linkages for farmers should be increased. Additionally, more farmers should join farmer groups such as cooperatives or common initiative groups to increase their awareness rate and adopt improved potato innovation through farm extension.

Social and physical factors influencing malaria incidence among farmers in Bugesera District, Rwanda

Background:In Rwanda,farmers experience health problems due to the consistency increase in mosquitoes which bring about malaria incidence.We researched to realize if there is malaria occurrence among farmers and to assess the factors associated with malaria occurrence among farmers.Methods:In 2019,data collected was done through a descriptive cross-sectional study design among farmers,health center workers and community health workers in rural.A sample of 384 respondents was used to respond the structured questionnaires.We used an interview guide to key informant respondents to support other information related to malaria occurrence.Results:Within 3 months before data collection,342(89.1%)of respondents have had malaria.Multivariate analysis shows that males were highly infected(AoR=19.60;95%CI:9.049–42.452).Those with no formal education(AoR=11.10;95%CI:3.128–39.433)demonstrated high incidence.Farmers aged 15 to 25 years(AoR=13.44;95%CI:5.257–34.358)were highly infected compared to those aged 37 to 47 years.Concerning the household size,4–6 members(AoR=5.97;95%CI:1.919–18.574)showed higher incidence than those above eight members.Public servants(AoR=7.00;95%CI:2.669–18.394)were highly infected compared with traders.Farmers with a monthly income of 0–50,000 rwf(AoR=6.65;95%CI:2.079–21.324)were significantly associated with malaria occurrence.Conclusion:Higher prevalence of malaria was observed among farmers in Bugesera District.Three hundred and forty-two respondents(89.1%)have had malaria within 3 months before data collection.The use of mosquito nets was highlighted by 119(31%)of respondents.Encouraging farming direction can help to reduce malaria as indicated by 81(21.1%)of respondents while using insecticide-spray was helpful as indicated by 172(44.8%)of respondents.

Study on Influence of Farmers' Relational Network on Their Undertaking Process

We elaborate relevant theories of farmers' relational network,including the Differential Model of Association,the Strength of Weak Tie,Strength of Strong Tie and Favor and Face.The farmers' relational network in the Differential Model of Association can be divided into three layers:strong tie,weak tie and irrelative relationship according to Granovetter theory.These three layers have deep influence on opportunity selection during the undertaking,financing and enterprise development.With rational knowledge of these layers,farmers may exploit undertaking resources.On the basis of these,we made detailed analysis on farmers' selection of relations in the opportunity selection,financing and enterprise development stages.

Rural Cooperative Economic Organized United Association: A Case Study of Baoding City of Hebei Province

Taking its development in Baoding City as an example, we introduced service fields of rural cooperative economic organized united association. It mainly includes setting up service platform and providing scientific and technological services; organizing economic and trade negotiation and exchange, and promoting farmer-supermarket partnership; providing financial services and solving fund-raising problems. In line with these fields, we analyzed existing problems: (i) regional development is unbalanced and organization lacks internal connection; (ii) the development in some counties (cities) is to be improved, and the promotion effect is not significant; (iii) there is shortage of talent and the innovation strength is not enough; and (iv) it lacks system and management lacks restriction mechanism. Finally, we put forward countermeasures and recommendations: strengthen propaganda and cultivate farmers' cooperative awareness; incorporate rural cooperative economic organized united association into formal system arrangement, and absorb professional talents; innovate upon organization system of rural cooperative economic organized united association and improve service methods; improve internal operating mechanism and innovate upon working contents of rural cooperative economic organized united association at new development background.

Spatial autocorrelation analysis of 13 leading malignant neoplasms in Taiwan: a comparison between the 1995-1998 and 2005-2008 periods

Spatial autocorrelation methodologies, including Global Moran’s I and Local Indicators of Spatial Association statistic (LISA), were used to describe and map spatial clusters of 13 leading malignant neoplasms in Taiwan. A logistic regression fit model was also used to identify similar characteristics over time. Two time periods (1995-1998 and 2005-2008) were compared in an attempt to formulate common spatio-temporal risks. Spatial cluster patterns were identified using local spatial autocorrelation analysis. We found a significant spatio-temporal variation between the leading malignant neoplasms and well-documented spatial risk factors. For instance, in Taiwan, cancer of the oral cavity in males was found to be clustered in locations in central Taiwan, with distinct differences between the two time periods. Stomach cancer morbidity clustered in aboriginal townships, where the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is high and even quite marked differences between the two time periods were found. A method which combines LISA statistics and logistic regression is an effective tool for the detection of space-time patterns with discontinuous data. Spatio-temporal mapping comparison helps to clarify issues such as the spatial aspects of both two time periods for leading malignant neoplasms. This helps planners to assess spatio-temporal risk factors, and to ascertain what would be the most advantageous types of health care policies for the planning and implementation of health care services. These issues can greatly affect the performance and effectiveness of health care services and also provide a clear outline for helping us to better understand the results in depth.

新农人创业与乡村振兴:逻辑关联与耦合程度

新农人已经成为“三农”领域创新创业的一支重要生力军,探究新农人创业与乡村振兴两系统相互作用关系,对实现乡村全面振兴具有重要意义。在对新农人创业与乡村振兴的逻辑关联进行理论分析的基础上,利用江西、河南和安徽等3省512户新农人创业样本调查数据,运用熵值法、多指标综合评价法和耦合协调模型,实证考察新农人创业与乡村振兴的耦合程度。研究发现:新农人创业与乡村振兴存在密切的逻辑关联,乡村振兴在制度红利、项目平台、效应积累、发展理念、人才需求等方面为新农人创业创造了条件,而新农人创业也推进了乡村产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效与共同富裕;各地区新农人创业成长绩效与乡村振兴发展之间的耦合度与耦合协调度均处于较高水平阶段,但耦合协调度略低于耦合度水平;各地区新农人创业成长绩效与乡村振兴水平发展较为同步,相对于创业绩效而言,乡村振兴发展更为滞后。为此,要进一步推进乡村振兴建设,为新农人创业创造良好的外部环境;努力提升新农人创业水平,充分发挥其促进乡村全面振兴的作用;完善新农人创业与乡村振兴耦合机制,实现二者良性互动发展。

基于灰色关联分析的甘肃省粮食产量影响因素研究

文章基于甘肃省2012—2021年的粮食产量及相关数据,采用灰色关联分析方法,从自然因素、科技因素和经济因素三个方面选取了9个影响甘肃省粮食产量的指标,分析结果表明:有效灌溉面积对甘肃省粮食产量的影响最大,粮食播种面积、化肥施用量和农业机械总动力对粮食产量的影响逐渐增强,而农村人均可支配收入对甘肃省粮食产量的影响最小。基于此,从严守耕地红线、加大科技投入力度、培养高素质农民和大力发展绿色农业等方面提出了提高甘肃省粮食产量的建议。

抗战时期晋绥边区的农会建设

全面抗战时期,中国共产党领导下的农会作为晋绥边区覆盖面最广、代表性最强、力量最大的群众组织,重组了边区农村的权力结构,让农民逐步成为农村真正的主人。农会在政治上广泛吸引农民参政,推进农村民主管理;在经济上进行减租减息,改善了农民的生活状况;在军事上动员农民承担战勤服务和积极参军,有利地推动了边区的抗战。中国共产党充分利用广大农民的力量开展晋绥边区的建设工作,不仅从实践层面证明了“农村包围城市”革命道路的正确性,还扩大了中国共产党在抗战中的影响力。同时中国共产党坚持群众路线,极大地调动了广大农民革命的积极性,壮大了人民革命力量,为抗日战争和解放战争的胜利奠定了基础。

从台湾农民创业园看海峡两岸农业合作——以福建省台湾农民创业园为例

简述了祖国大陆台湾农民创业园的发展概况,重点介绍了福建省台湾农民创业园及其对闽台农业合作和福建现代农业发展的促进作用。针对目前台湾农民创业园存在的问题,提出了台湾农民创业园的发展对策,并展望了其未来发展趋势。

影响农户参与林业合作经济组织因素分析——以福建省为例

采取分组抽样的方法，对福建省主要林区的永安市、将乐县，延平区、建瓯市、松溪县和德化县6个县（市、区）的30个村180户农户的调查结果：30个村共计有正式的林业股份合作经济组织9个，经营的山林占15．4％；非正式林业合作经济组织208个经营的山林占46％；100％的农户自愿参加“三防”专业协会。影响农户是否参与林业合作经济组织的因素可以归结为：其他产业发展对农户收入替代；就业替代水平；农户家庭基本特征和地方林业部门的政策导向。

台湾农民创业园评价指标体系构建与实证分析——以福建为例

运用层次分析法(AHP)构建台湾农民创业园综合评价指标体系,对福建省6个国家级台湾农民创业园进行实证分析,结果表明:(1)影响台湾农民创业园评估的主要因素包括生态农业发展水平、台湾先进技术引进数量、促进区域现代农业发展的效果、培训当地农民的数量、园区产值增长率、园区的台湾特色程度、政策支持力度、台湾企业入驻数量、园区发展规划、基础设施建设等;(2)福建省6个国家级台湾农民创业园可分为3个发展层次,第一档是发展较好的漳浦和漳平(永福),第二档是发展一般的福清、仙游和清流,第二档是发展较慢的惠安。并从发展环境、产业融合、机制体制、交流合作等方面提出相关政策建议,为两岸农业合作提供新思路。

农业产业化背景下的协会发展

协会在农业产业化发展中扮演着重要角色。研究发现,随着农业产业化的发展,我国目前农业生产经营领域存在的各类协会可以划分为农民专业技术协会、农产品行业协会、农业产业化龙头企业协会和农业产业化协会四类。其中农民专业技术协会属于微观层次,纵向发展的农产品行业协会和横向联合的龙头企业协会属于中观层次,由政府牵头的农业产业化协会属于宏观层次。文章论述了农业产业化背景下四类协会的成因、功能及其关系,分析其存在的问题,提出对策建议。

信息技术条件下的农民专业合作组织管理模式

农民专业合作组织在促进农民增收和发展农村经济中起着重要作用。随着《中华人民共和国农民专业合作社法》的实施,农民专业合作组织的管理与组织有了法律依据,但传统的管理模式不能适应合作组织不断发展壮大的需要。为此,在分析合作组织管理流程的基础上,建立了一种以磁卡为载体的农业合作组织信息化管理模式。该模式包括内网和外网两个平台,在不同平台下建立应用系统。以北京市大兴区庞各庄镇西甜瓜产销合作社为实例,说明了该系统的实际应用效果。结果表明,该模式中各系统的应用能显著提高组织的管理效率、增强组织竞争力、提升社员综合素质、保障产品质量安全。该模式的推广应用需要政府支持和培训机制的保障。

农户参与流通型专业协会意愿的影响因素分析——基于陕西5个苹果基地县21个村农户调查数据的分析

利用陕西5个国家级苹果基地县450户苹果种植户的调查数据,采用Logit模型对农户参与流通型专业协会意愿的影响因素进行计量分析。研究发现:农户苹果收入占家庭总收入的比重,是否通过协会销售过苹果,获取市场信息的渠道是否多样,公司到本地收购次数,本村是否是公司基地村与农户参与流通型专业协会的意愿存在正相关关系;而农户苹果销售顺畅情况,本村是否存在果农协会与农户参与流通型专业协会的意愿存在负相关关系。此外,农户参与流通型专业协会的意愿存在明显的地区差异。

山西农民专业合作社发展现状及问题初探

围绕山西农民专业合作社的发展现状和问题进行深入剖析和研究,认为应通过开展完善农民专业合作社的层级建制;加大宣传培训力度,引导农民专业合作社的发展步入法制化轨道;加大财政扶持力度,拓宽融资渠道,提高自身抵御市场风险的能力;实施"一社一品",走特色发展之路;分类指导与典型示范社带动相结合;加强内部管理,促进规范化运行;加大政策扶持力度等,促进山西农民专业合作社健康有序快速地发展。

台湾农地改革的政治经济分析

战后台湾的农地改革是一个应经济社会发展而持续推动的过程,经历了从土地产权再分配、到开放农地自由买卖和放宽土地流转限制、再到"小地主大佃农"的演变。台湾的经验显示,农地改革既是农业和农村经济领域的变革,更是乡村社会结构系统的重建和农民的重塑;在农地改革中,土地"确权"是流转的基础,配套形成提升农民能力的架构和让农民"组织起来"是改革成功的关键。

上海农村合作性金融重构之探索——基于台湾农会信用部经验

基于现有农村金融机构,分析了上海农村金融服务情况;借鉴台湾农会信用部经验,提出了重构上海农村合作性金融服务的思路:现有金融机构没有合适的载体承载合作性金融的功能,建议在现有组织——农业技术服务中心的基础上挖掘其金融功能。

农技协在精准扶贫中的作用机制——兼谈基层科协的改革

农村专业技术协会作为农村居民自发组织成立的合作组织,在帮助农民提高生产的同时,对于推进农村扶贫工作的开展也具有积极作用,但这一机制的现实应用程度还有很大的进步空间。通过对不同地区农技协开办情况的实地调研,可以看到农技协具有依靠土专家发挥作用,扶贫功能,人力和自然资源的利用最大化,沟通农户与市场的作用机制。在这一机制的实施现状中,还存在着技术程度不高、组织资源不足等问题,需要在明确农技协定位的基础上,推动基层科协的转型,进而发掘农技协在改革农民传统生产方式上的重要作用,为打赢脱贫攻坚战提供智力支持。

两岸农民融资的法律制度比较分析

财产的有限性造成大陆农民难以从正规金融机构获得贷款,而融资的"两面性"进一步加剧了农民融资难问题。透过农民融资难的各种表象,其本质原因在于农地使用权、金融体制等方面的制度诱因造成农村金融压抑的现状。本文根据在台期间获取的资料和数据,从比较研究的视角出发,得出台湾土地财产权、农村金融以及农民组织的发展特征,进而总结出有益于大陆解决农民融资难问题的经验,并提出改革建议。

农户参与用水协会管理可持续性影响因素的实证分析——基于江西省农户的调研

利用有序Probit模型分析影响农户参与用水协会管理可持续性的因素。结果表明,水库特性、排灌系统完好率、旱涝保收比例、离水源位置、农户是否参加用水培训、农户对小农水的政策认知、农户对用水协会的评价、农户参与小农水工程建设意愿、农户参与小农水工程维修意愿等因素对农户参与用水协会管理的可持续性有显著正影响;而小农水建设年份、水田种植作物类型、用水协会的规模、用水协会主席(会长)身份、农户是否参加主席选举等因素对农户参与用水协会管理可持续性有显著负影响。