[Objective] Study on control efficacy and inhibitory effect of Bacillus cereus strain JK14^·against wheat take-all disease, investigating its antifungal mechanism. [Method] B. cereus JK14^· was isolated from...[Objective] Study on control efficacy and inhibitory effect of Bacillus cereus strain JK14^·against wheat take-all disease, investigating its antifungal mechanism. [Method] B. cereus JK14^· was isolated from soil in the rhizosphere of wheat, inhibitory effects of whose nutrient solution form against Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici strains 9862 and 9812 were measured in laboratory and then for its antifungal mechanism. The strain JK14^· with rifampicin and wheat take-all disease resistance was screened by increasing concentration of the two substrates, and colonization of JK14^·was studied. [Result] In pot experiment, the control effects of JK14^·, against 9862 and 9812 are 63% and 59%, respectively, which are higher than that of chemical fungicides, with 55% and 51% , respectively. JK14^· could deform mycelium and causes degradation of cell wall. And there are also dynamic change of JK14^· in root system. JK14^· on seed could extend to root along with seed germination and rooting, but per unit tissue mycelium number decreased gradually. [Conclusion] The results indicate some control efficacy of B. cereus strain JK14^· against wheat take-all disease.展开更多
在足球机器人运动过程中,足球机器人处于一个实时对抗的复杂环境中,这就需要机器人有较高的实时运动过程应对能力。需要对每个关键时刻,例如:多机器人抢球过程、单机器人控球过程等,做出合理的应对措施。许多策略的研究都只注重单机器...在足球机器人运动过程中,足球机器人处于一个实时对抗的复杂环境中,这就需要机器人有较高的实时运动过程应对能力。需要对每个关键时刻,例如:多机器人抢球过程、单机器人控球过程等,做出合理的应对措施。许多策略的研究都只注重单机器人控球过程的路径规划,没有考虑到多机器人竞争的过程,导致足球机器人整个运动过程中的一些关键步骤的缺失,丧失了完整性,忽略了实时的对抗性。拟采用新的策略解决上述问题:第一步是将采用WTA(Winner Take All)竞争模型去有效的解决多机器人竞争问题;第二步将采用一种改进的APF(Artificial Potential Field)路径规划法来进行避障。解决了传统APF算法的弊端,提高了效率。通过仿真实验,验证了理论的正确性,也验证了所提理论的科学性和实用性,为以后在其他科学领域的实践奠定了基础。展开更多
Take-all is a devastating soil-borne disease of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).Cultivating resistant line is an important measure to control this disease.Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng is a valuable germplasm resource w...Take-all is a devastating soil-borne disease of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).Cultivating resistant line is an important measure to control this disease.Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng is a valuable germplasm resource with high resistance to take-all.This study reported on a wheat-/R huashanica introgression line H148 with improved take-all resistance compared with its susceptible parent 7182.To elucidate the genetic mechanism of resistance in H148,the F_(2)genetic segregating population of H148×XN585 was constructed.The mixed genetic model analysis showed that the take-all resistance was controlled by two major genes with additive,dominant and epistasis effects.Bulked segregant analysis combined with wheat axiom 660K genotyping array analysis showed the polymorphic SNPs with take-all resistance from P.huashanica alien introgression were mainly distributed on the chromosome 2A.Genotyping of the F_(2)population using the KASP marker mapped a major QTL in an interval of 68.8-70.1 Mb on 2AS.Sixty-two genes were found in the target interval of the Chinese Spring reference genome sequence.According to the functional annotation of genes,two protein genes that can improve the systematic resistance of plant roots were predicted as candidate genes.The development of wheat-P.huashanica introgression line H148 and the resistant QTL mapping information are expected to provide some valuable references for the fine mapping of disease-resistance gene and development of take-all resistant varieties through molecular marker-assisted selection.展开更多
This paper proposes novel floating-gate MOSFET (FGMOS) based Voltage Buffer, Analog Inverter and Winner-Take-All (WTA) circuits. The proposed circuits have low power dissipation. All proposed circuits are simulated us...This paper proposes novel floating-gate MOSFET (FGMOS) based Voltage Buffer, Analog Inverter and Winner-Take-All (WTA) circuits. The proposed circuits have low power dissipation. All proposed circuits are simulated using SPICE in 180 nm CMOS technology with supply voltages of ±1.25 V. The simulation results demonstrate increase in input range for FGMOS based voltage buffer and analog inverter and maximum power dissipation of 0.5 mW, 1.9 mW and 0.429 mW for FGMOS based voltage buffer, analog inverter and WTA circuits, respectively. The proposed circuits are intended to find applications in low voltage, low power consumer electronics.展开更多
【目的】为小麦抗全蚀病育种提供更有效的抗病鉴定方法和便于利用的抗源材料。【方法】以感病小麦品种宁春4号为供试材料,将小麦全蚀病(G.graminis var tritici)菌种制成菌饼或菌粒,设菌饼法、菌粒法、菌粒+菌饼法和空白对照4个处理,调...【目的】为小麦抗全蚀病育种提供更有效的抗病鉴定方法和便于利用的抗源材料。【方法】以感病小麦品种宁春4号为供试材料,将小麦全蚀病(G.graminis var tritici)菌种制成菌饼或菌粒,设菌饼法、菌粒法、菌粒+菌饼法和空白对照4个处理,调查统计病根率、严重度和病茎率,用于筛选有效的抗病鉴定方法;选择22个遗传背景不同的小麦材料,采用优选出的抗病鉴定方法对其进行抗性鉴定,筛选便于利用的抗源材料。【结果】菌饼+菌粒法对宁春4号的致病力明显高于菌饼法和菌粒法,其病根率、严重度和病茎率分别达到100.0%,57.3%和28.6%。22个遗传背景不同的小麦材料间抗病性差异较大,其中小麦-簇毛麦易位系Pm97033的抗病性最强,病根率和严重度分别为11.3%和5.4%;代换系Wan7107次之,病根率和严重度分别为21.4%和10.6%;硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体(TH1)与普通小麦品种杂交后代的抗病性强于粗山羊草与普通小麦品种杂交后代。【结论】菌饼+菌粒法是较佳的小麦抗全蚀病鉴定方法;TH1是一个很好的抗全蚀病育种材料。展开更多
从小麦根际土壤分离得到枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)B2-47拮抗菌株,室内测定其带菌培养液对小麦全蚀病菌(Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici)9826菌株和9812菌株的抑制效果分别为61%和56%,盆栽试验中,其防治效果为63%和64%,高...从小麦根际土壤分离得到枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)B2-47拮抗菌株,室内测定其带菌培养液对小麦全蚀病菌(Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici)9826菌株和9812菌株的抑制效果分别为61%和56%,盆栽试验中,其防治效果为63%和64%,高于化学杀菌剂处理的56%和54%的效果.实验表明,该菌株可以造成病菌菌丝发生畸变和菌丝细胞壁瓦解.展开更多
文摘[Objective] Study on control efficacy and inhibitory effect of Bacillus cereus strain JK14^·against wheat take-all disease, investigating its antifungal mechanism. [Method] B. cereus JK14^· was isolated from soil in the rhizosphere of wheat, inhibitory effects of whose nutrient solution form against Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici strains 9862 and 9812 were measured in laboratory and then for its antifungal mechanism. The strain JK14^· with rifampicin and wheat take-all disease resistance was screened by increasing concentration of the two substrates, and colonization of JK14^·was studied. [Result] In pot experiment, the control effects of JK14^·, against 9862 and 9812 are 63% and 59%, respectively, which are higher than that of chemical fungicides, with 55% and 51% , respectively. JK14^· could deform mycelium and causes degradation of cell wall. And there are also dynamic change of JK14^· in root system. JK14^· on seed could extend to root along with seed germination and rooting, but per unit tissue mycelium number decreased gradually. [Conclusion] The results indicate some control efficacy of B. cereus strain JK14^· against wheat take-all disease.
文摘在足球机器人运动过程中,足球机器人处于一个实时对抗的复杂环境中,这就需要机器人有较高的实时运动过程应对能力。需要对每个关键时刻,例如:多机器人抢球过程、单机器人控球过程等,做出合理的应对措施。许多策略的研究都只注重单机器人控球过程的路径规划,没有考虑到多机器人竞争的过程,导致足球机器人整个运动过程中的一些关键步骤的缺失,丧失了完整性,忽略了实时的对抗性。拟采用新的策略解决上述问题:第一步是将采用WTA(Winner Take All)竞争模型去有效的解决多机器人竞争问题;第二步将采用一种改进的APF(Artificial Potential Field)路径规划法来进行避障。解决了传统APF算法的弊端,提高了效率。通过仿真实验,验证了理论的正确性,也验证了所提理论的科学性和实用性,为以后在其他科学领域的实践奠定了基础。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571650 and 31771785)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0100701)+1 种基金the Key Projects in Shaanxi Provincial Agricultural Field,China(2018ZDXM-NY-006)the Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province,China(2019ZDLNY04-05).
文摘Take-all is a devastating soil-borne disease of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).Cultivating resistant line is an important measure to control this disease.Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng is a valuable germplasm resource with high resistance to take-all.This study reported on a wheat-/R huashanica introgression line H148 with improved take-all resistance compared with its susceptible parent 7182.To elucidate the genetic mechanism of resistance in H148,the F_(2)genetic segregating population of H148×XN585 was constructed.The mixed genetic model analysis showed that the take-all resistance was controlled by two major genes with additive,dominant and epistasis effects.Bulked segregant analysis combined with wheat axiom 660K genotyping array analysis showed the polymorphic SNPs with take-all resistance from P.huashanica alien introgression were mainly distributed on the chromosome 2A.Genotyping of the F_(2)population using the KASP marker mapped a major QTL in an interval of 68.8-70.1 Mb on 2AS.Sixty-two genes were found in the target interval of the Chinese Spring reference genome sequence.According to the functional annotation of genes,two protein genes that can improve the systematic resistance of plant roots were predicted as candidate genes.The development of wheat-P.huashanica introgression line H148 and the resistant QTL mapping information are expected to provide some valuable references for the fine mapping of disease-resistance gene and development of take-all resistant varieties through molecular marker-assisted selection.
文摘This paper proposes novel floating-gate MOSFET (FGMOS) based Voltage Buffer, Analog Inverter and Winner-Take-All (WTA) circuits. The proposed circuits have low power dissipation. All proposed circuits are simulated using SPICE in 180 nm CMOS technology with supply voltages of ±1.25 V. The simulation results demonstrate increase in input range for FGMOS based voltage buffer and analog inverter and maximum power dissipation of 0.5 mW, 1.9 mW and 0.429 mW for FGMOS based voltage buffer, analog inverter and WTA circuits, respectively. The proposed circuits are intended to find applications in low voltage, low power consumer electronics.
文摘【目的】为小麦抗全蚀病育种提供更有效的抗病鉴定方法和便于利用的抗源材料。【方法】以感病小麦品种宁春4号为供试材料,将小麦全蚀病(G.graminis var tritici)菌种制成菌饼或菌粒,设菌饼法、菌粒法、菌粒+菌饼法和空白对照4个处理,调查统计病根率、严重度和病茎率,用于筛选有效的抗病鉴定方法;选择22个遗传背景不同的小麦材料,采用优选出的抗病鉴定方法对其进行抗性鉴定,筛选便于利用的抗源材料。【结果】菌饼+菌粒法对宁春4号的致病力明显高于菌饼法和菌粒法,其病根率、严重度和病茎率分别达到100.0%,57.3%和28.6%。22个遗传背景不同的小麦材料间抗病性差异较大,其中小麦-簇毛麦易位系Pm97033的抗病性最强,病根率和严重度分别为11.3%和5.4%;代换系Wan7107次之,病根率和严重度分别为21.4%和10.6%;硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体(TH1)与普通小麦品种杂交后代的抗病性强于粗山羊草与普通小麦品种杂交后代。【结论】菌饼+菌粒法是较佳的小麦抗全蚀病鉴定方法;TH1是一个很好的抗全蚀病育种材料。
文摘从小麦根际土壤分离得到枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)B2-47拮抗菌株,室内测定其带菌培养液对小麦全蚀病菌(Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici)9826菌株和9812菌株的抑制效果分别为61%和56%,盆栽试验中,其防治效果为63%和64%,高于化学杀菌剂处理的56%和54%的效果.实验表明,该菌株可以造成病菌菌丝发生畸变和菌丝细胞壁瓦解.
