The aim of this study was to verify the existence of business and strategic intelligence policies at the level of Congolese companies and at the state level, likely to foster progress and healthy development in the ea...The aim of this study was to verify the existence of business and strategic intelligence policies at the level of Congolese companies and at the state level, likely to foster progress and healthy development in the east of the DRC. The study was based on a mixed perspective consisting of objective analysis of quantitative data and interpretative analysis of qualitative data. The results showed that business and strategic intelligence policies have not been established at either company or state level, as this is an area of activity that is not known to the players in companies and public departments, and there are no units or offices in their organizational structures responsible for managing strategic information for competitiveness on the international market. In addition, there is a real need to establish strategic information management units within companies, upstream, and to set up a national strategic information management department or agency to help local companies compete in the marketplace, downstream. This reflects the importance and timeliness of building business and strategic intelligence policies to ensure economic progress and development in the eastern DRC. Business and strategic intelligence provides companies with an appropriate tool for researching, collecting, processing and disseminating information useful for decision-making among stakeholders, in order to cope with a crisis or competitive situation. The study suggests a number of key recommendations based on its findings. To the government, it is recommended to establish the national policy of business and strategic intelligence by setting up a national agency of strategic intelligence in favor of local companies;and to companies to establish business intelligence units in their organizational structures in favor of stakeholders to foster advantageous decision-making in the competitive market and achieve progress. Finally, the study suggests that studies be carried out to fully understand the opportunities and impact of business and strategic intelligence in African countries, particularly in the DRC.展开更多
Background: The integration of relevant high-quality research evidence into the health decision and policy formulation process is a key strategy for improving health systems especially in developing countries such as ...Background: The integration of relevant high-quality research evidence into the health decision and policy formulation process is a key strategy for improving health systems especially in developing countries such as Zambia. However, the lack of capacity to understand and value research evidence by policy and decision makers makes it difficult for them to find and use research evidence in a timely manner even when motivated to do so. This study aimed to establish the views, attitudes and practices of policy makers on the use of research evidence in policy and decision-making process in Zambia. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Lusaka, Zambia among selected public health decision and policy making institutions. A purposive sample of 21 consenting policy makers who were working in different positions in the Ministry of Health Headquarters, Provincial and District Health Offices, Health Professions Regulatory Bodies, United Nations Agencies, International Non-Governmental Organizations and University Deans from the University of Zambia participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The IBM? SPSS? Statistics for Windows Version 20.0 was used for data analysis. Results: The concept of Evidence Informed Health Policy was not well understood such that only less than half (47.5%) of the participants reported having heard specifically about Evidence Informed Health Policy meanwhile almost two thirds (61.9%) reported that they used research evidence in decision making and policy formulation. Similar discrepancy was expressed in the understanding of and use of rapid response mechanisms such that although (47.6%) of the participants reported having heard about it, (57%) had never used rapid response mechanisms for deci-sion-making. With regard to the sources of information, about half (52.3) of the participants reported scholarly articles as their main source of evidence. Con-clusion and Recommendations: There is need for more sensitization and ca-pacity building among the decision and policy makers on the importance of using research evidence in decision and policy making process as incorporation of relevant high-quality research evidence into the health policy making pro-cess is a key strategy for improving health systems.展开更多
Farmers are the main land managers, and their production decisions crucially affect crop outputs and farmland preservation.Understanding the motivations and factors underlying farmers’ decision making is a fundamenta...Farmers are the main land managers, and their production decisions crucially affect crop outputs and farmland preservation.Understanding the motivations and factors underlying farmers’ decision making is a fundamental to implementation polices of government.This study analyzed factors that influence farmers’ choice of corn reduction under the China’s new agriculture policy in the ‘Liandaowan’ areas of Northeast China.This study collected data from 106 randomly selected households in 34 villages in ‘Liandaowan’ areas of Northeast China using a semi-structured questionnaire.Results showed that the Chinese corn structural adjustment plan confronted with many constraints, and most of farmers insist on planting corn.Drought and low accumulated temperature, no suitable substitution crop, farmers’ preferences, farmers’ education and age, relatively high comparative benefit of corn, the availability of machinery and technical assistance, subsidies and low family incomes all influence farmers’ choice of corn substitution.Based on our experimental results, we derived important policy implications for promoting corn structural adjustment incorporate increase crop diversity, promote soybean and corn rotation, provide adequate agricultural extension services, and increase the corn substitution subsidies and improve farmers’ income.展开更多
A news agency is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organization, such as newspapers, magazines, radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a ...A news agency is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organization, such as newspapers, magazines, radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the security policies and analyze the content of five press agencies in gulf countries which are (Kuwait News Agency (KUNA), Emirates News Agency (WAM), Saudi Press Agency (SPA), Bahrain News Agency (BNA), and Oman News Agency (OMA)) by using a fuzzy VIKOR approach where linguistic variables are applied to solve the uncertainties and subjectivities in expert decision making. Fuzzy VIKOR approach is one of the best Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques working in fuzzy environment. This study benefits security and content analysis experts know which press agency has the mandate and the competence to educate the public on news agencies. Besides, this paper contributes to Gulf agencies in helping them in their resolve to ensure the quality of content information and information security policies over the internet.展开更多
As flood extreme occurrences are projected to increase in intense and frequency due to climate change, the assessment of vulnerability and the identification of the most vulnerable areas, populations, assets and syste...As flood extreme occurrences are projected to increase in intense and frequency due to climate change, the assessment of vulnerability and the identification of the most vulnerable areas, populations, assets and systems are an urgent need. Vulnerability has been widely discussed and several flood projection tools have been developed using complex hydrological models. However, despite the significant contribution of flood projection maps to predicting the impact of potential floods, they are difficult and impractical to use by stakeholders and policy makers, while they have proven to be inefficient and out of date in several cases. This research aims to cover the gaps in coastal and riverine flood management, developing a method that models flood patterns, using geospatial data of past large flood disasters. The outcomes of this research produce a five scale vulnerability assessment method, which could be widely implemented in all sectors, including transport, critical infrastructure, public health, tourism, constructions etc. Moreover, they could facilitate decision making and provide a wide range of implementation by all stakeholders, insurance agents, land-use planners, risk experts and of course individual. According to this research, the majority of the elements exposed to flood hazards, lay at specific combinations between 1) elevation (Ei) and 2) distance from water-masses (Di), expressed as (Ei, Di), including: 1) in general landscapes: ([0 m, 1 m), [0 km, 6 km), [0 m - 3 m), [0 km, 3 km)) and ([0 m - 6 m), [0 km, 1 km)), 2) in low laying regions: ([0 m, 1 m), [0 km, 40 km), [0 m - 3 m), [0 km, 30 km)) and ([0 m - 6 m), [0 km, 15 km)) and 2) in riverine regions: ([0 m, 4 m), [0 km, 3 km)). All elements laying on these elevations and distances from water masses are considered extremely and highly vulnerable to flood extremes.展开更多
自动驾驶车辆决策系统直接影响车辆综合行驶性能,是实现自动驾驶技术需要解决的关键难题之一。基于深度强化学习算法DDPG(deep deterministic policy gradient),针对此问题提出了一种端到端驾驶行为决策模型。首先,结合驾驶员模型选取...自动驾驶车辆决策系统直接影响车辆综合行驶性能,是实现自动驾驶技术需要解决的关键难题之一。基于深度强化学习算法DDPG(deep deterministic policy gradient),针对此问题提出了一种端到端驾驶行为决策模型。首先,结合驾驶员模型选取自车、道路、干扰车辆等共64维度状态空间信息作为输入数据集对决策模型进行训练,决策模型输出合理的驾驶行为以及控制量,为解决训练测试中的奖励和控制量突变问题,改进DDPG决策模型对决策控制效果进行优化,并在TORCS(the open racing car simulator)平台进行仿真实验验证。结果表明:所提出的决策模型可以根据车辆和环境实时状态信息输出合理的驾驶行为以及控制量,与DDPG模型相比,改进的模型具有更好的控制精度,且车辆横向速度显著减小,车辆舒适性以及车辆稳定性明显改善。展开更多
文摘The aim of this study was to verify the existence of business and strategic intelligence policies at the level of Congolese companies and at the state level, likely to foster progress and healthy development in the east of the DRC. The study was based on a mixed perspective consisting of objective analysis of quantitative data and interpretative analysis of qualitative data. The results showed that business and strategic intelligence policies have not been established at either company or state level, as this is an area of activity that is not known to the players in companies and public departments, and there are no units or offices in their organizational structures responsible for managing strategic information for competitiveness on the international market. In addition, there is a real need to establish strategic information management units within companies, upstream, and to set up a national strategic information management department or agency to help local companies compete in the marketplace, downstream. This reflects the importance and timeliness of building business and strategic intelligence policies to ensure economic progress and development in the eastern DRC. Business and strategic intelligence provides companies with an appropriate tool for researching, collecting, processing and disseminating information useful for decision-making among stakeholders, in order to cope with a crisis or competitive situation. The study suggests a number of key recommendations based on its findings. To the government, it is recommended to establish the national policy of business and strategic intelligence by setting up a national agency of strategic intelligence in favor of local companies;and to companies to establish business intelligence units in their organizational structures in favor of stakeholders to foster advantageous decision-making in the competitive market and achieve progress. Finally, the study suggests that studies be carried out to fully understand the opportunities and impact of business and strategic intelligence in African countries, particularly in the DRC.
文摘Background: The integration of relevant high-quality research evidence into the health decision and policy formulation process is a key strategy for improving health systems especially in developing countries such as Zambia. However, the lack of capacity to understand and value research evidence by policy and decision makers makes it difficult for them to find and use research evidence in a timely manner even when motivated to do so. This study aimed to establish the views, attitudes and practices of policy makers on the use of research evidence in policy and decision-making process in Zambia. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Lusaka, Zambia among selected public health decision and policy making institutions. A purposive sample of 21 consenting policy makers who were working in different positions in the Ministry of Health Headquarters, Provincial and District Health Offices, Health Professions Regulatory Bodies, United Nations Agencies, International Non-Governmental Organizations and University Deans from the University of Zambia participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The IBM? SPSS? Statistics for Windows Version 20.0 was used for data analysis. Results: The concept of Evidence Informed Health Policy was not well understood such that only less than half (47.5%) of the participants reported having heard specifically about Evidence Informed Health Policy meanwhile almost two thirds (61.9%) reported that they used research evidence in decision making and policy formulation. Similar discrepancy was expressed in the understanding of and use of rapid response mechanisms such that although (47.6%) of the participants reported having heard about it, (57%) had never used rapid response mechanisms for deci-sion-making. With regard to the sources of information, about half (52.3) of the participants reported scholarly articles as their main source of evidence. Con-clusion and Recommendations: There is need for more sensitization and ca-pacity building among the decision and policy makers on the importance of using research evidence in decision and policy making process as incorporation of relevant high-quality research evidence into the health policy making pro-cess is a key strategy for improving health systems.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41601124,41571152)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SWU019023)+2 种基金135 Planning and Featured Services Projects of IGA,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y6H2091001,IGA-135-04)the Key Deployment Projects of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.ZDBS-SSW-SQC)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA23060405)
文摘Farmers are the main land managers, and their production decisions crucially affect crop outputs and farmland preservation.Understanding the motivations and factors underlying farmers’ decision making is a fundamental to implementation polices of government.This study analyzed factors that influence farmers’ choice of corn reduction under the China’s new agriculture policy in the ‘Liandaowan’ areas of Northeast China.This study collected data from 106 randomly selected households in 34 villages in ‘Liandaowan’ areas of Northeast China using a semi-structured questionnaire.Results showed that the Chinese corn structural adjustment plan confronted with many constraints, and most of farmers insist on planting corn.Drought and low accumulated temperature, no suitable substitution crop, farmers’ preferences, farmers’ education and age, relatively high comparative benefit of corn, the availability of machinery and technical assistance, subsidies and low family incomes all influence farmers’ choice of corn substitution.Based on our experimental results, we derived important policy implications for promoting corn structural adjustment incorporate increase crop diversity, promote soybean and corn rotation, provide adequate agricultural extension services, and increase the corn substitution subsidies and improve farmers’ income.
文摘A news agency is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organization, such as newspapers, magazines, radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the security policies and analyze the content of five press agencies in gulf countries which are (Kuwait News Agency (KUNA), Emirates News Agency (WAM), Saudi Press Agency (SPA), Bahrain News Agency (BNA), and Oman News Agency (OMA)) by using a fuzzy VIKOR approach where linguistic variables are applied to solve the uncertainties and subjectivities in expert decision making. Fuzzy VIKOR approach is one of the best Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques working in fuzzy environment. This study benefits security and content analysis experts know which press agency has the mandate and the competence to educate the public on news agencies. Besides, this paper contributes to Gulf agencies in helping them in their resolve to ensure the quality of content information and information security policies over the internet.
文摘As flood extreme occurrences are projected to increase in intense and frequency due to climate change, the assessment of vulnerability and the identification of the most vulnerable areas, populations, assets and systems are an urgent need. Vulnerability has been widely discussed and several flood projection tools have been developed using complex hydrological models. However, despite the significant contribution of flood projection maps to predicting the impact of potential floods, they are difficult and impractical to use by stakeholders and policy makers, while they have proven to be inefficient and out of date in several cases. This research aims to cover the gaps in coastal and riverine flood management, developing a method that models flood patterns, using geospatial data of past large flood disasters. The outcomes of this research produce a five scale vulnerability assessment method, which could be widely implemented in all sectors, including transport, critical infrastructure, public health, tourism, constructions etc. Moreover, they could facilitate decision making and provide a wide range of implementation by all stakeholders, insurance agents, land-use planners, risk experts and of course individual. According to this research, the majority of the elements exposed to flood hazards, lay at specific combinations between 1) elevation (Ei) and 2) distance from water-masses (Di), expressed as (Ei, Di), including: 1) in general landscapes: ([0 m, 1 m), [0 km, 6 km), [0 m - 3 m), [0 km, 3 km)) and ([0 m - 6 m), [0 km, 1 km)), 2) in low laying regions: ([0 m, 1 m), [0 km, 40 km), [0 m - 3 m), [0 km, 30 km)) and ([0 m - 6 m), [0 km, 15 km)) and 2) in riverine regions: ([0 m, 4 m), [0 km, 3 km)). All elements laying on these elevations and distances from water masses are considered extremely and highly vulnerable to flood extremes.
文摘自动驾驶车辆决策系统直接影响车辆综合行驶性能,是实现自动驾驶技术需要解决的关键难题之一。基于深度强化学习算法DDPG(deep deterministic policy gradient),针对此问题提出了一种端到端驾驶行为决策模型。首先,结合驾驶员模型选取自车、道路、干扰车辆等共64维度状态空间信息作为输入数据集对决策模型进行训练,决策模型输出合理的驾驶行为以及控制量,为解决训练测试中的奖励和控制量突变问题,改进DDPG决策模型对决策控制效果进行优化,并在TORCS(the open racing car simulator)平台进行仿真实验验证。结果表明:所提出的决策模型可以根据车辆和环境实时状态信息输出合理的驾驶行为以及控制量,与DDPG模型相比,改进的模型具有更好的控制精度,且车辆横向速度显著减小,车辆舒适性以及车辆稳定性明显改善。