Patterns,magnitude,and controlling factors of hydraulic redistribution of soil water by Tamarix ramosissima roots

Tamarix spp. （Saltcedar） is a facultative phreatophyte that can tolerate drought when groundwater is not accessed. In addition to deep water uptake, hydraulic redistribution （HR） is another factor contributing to the drought tolerance of Tarnarix spp. In this study, data on soil volumetric moisture content （0）, lateral root sap flow, and relevant climate variables were used to investigate the patterns, magnitude, and controlling factors of HR of soil water by roots of Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. in an extremely arid land in Northwest China. Results showed evident diurnal fluctuations in 0 at the depths of 30 and 50 cm, indicating ＂hydraulic lift＂ （HL）. 0 increased remarkably at 10 and 140 cm but decreased at 30 and 50 cm and slightly changed at 80 cm after rainfall, suggesting a possible ＂hydraulic descent＂ （HD）. However, no direct evidence was observed in the negative flow of lateral roots, supporting HR （including HL and HD） of T. ramosissima. The HR pathway unlikely occurred via lateral roots; instead, HR possibly occurred through adventitious roots with a diameter of 2-5 mm and a length of 60-100 cm. HR at depths of 20-60 cm ranged from 0.01-1.77 mm/d with an average of 0.43 mm/d, which accounted for an average of 22% of the estimated seasonal total water depletion at 0-160 cm during the growing season. The climate factors, particularly vapor pressure deficit and soil water potential gradient, accounted for at least 33% and 45% of HR variations with depths and years, respectively. In summary, T. ramosissima can be added to the wide list of existing species involved in HR. High levels of HR may represent a considerable fraction of daily soil water depletion and substantially improve plant water status. HR could vary tremendously in terms of years and depths, and this variation could be attributed to climate factors and soil water potential gradient.

Intra-annual stem diameter growth of Tamarix ramosissima and association with hydroclimatic factors in the lower reaches of China's Heihe River

High-resolution observations of cambial phenology and intra-annual growth dynamics are useful approaches for understanding the response of tree growth to climate and environmental change. During the past two decades, rapid socioeconomic development has increased the demand for water resources in the oases of the middle reaches of the Heihe River in northwestern China, and the lower reaches of the Heihe River have changed from a perennial river to an ephemeral stream with a decreased and degraded riparian zone. Tamarisk（Tamarix ramosissima） is the dominant shrub species of the desert riparian forest. In this study, the daily and seasonal patterns of tamarisk stem diameter growth, including the main period of tree ring formation, were examined. Observations concerning the driving forces of growth changes, along with implications for the ecology of the dendrohydrological area and management of desert riparian forests in similar arid regions, are also presented. The diurnal-seasonal activity of stem diameter and the dynamics of growth ring formation were studied using a point dendrometer and micro-coring methods during the 2012 growing season in shrub tamarisk in a desert riparian forest stand in the lower reaches of the Heihe River in Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia of northwestern China. Generally, the variation in diurnal diameter of tamarisk was characterized by an unstable multi-peak pattern, with the cumulative stem diameter growth over the growing season following an S-shaped curve. The period from late May to early August was the main period of stem diameter growth and growth-ring formation. Among all of the hydroclimatic factors considered in this study, only groundwater depth was significantly correlated with stem diameter increment during this period. Therefore, for the dendrochronological study, the annual rings of the tamarisk can be used to reconstruct processes that determine the regional water regime, such as river runoff and fluctuations in groundwater depth. For the management of desert riparian forests, suitable groundwater depths must be maintained in the spring and summer to sustain tree health and a suitable stand structure.

Water use measurement by non-irrigated Tamarix ramosissima in arid regions of Northwest China

Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. is a typical hardy desert plant growing in arid regions of Northwest China. Sap flow in stems of Z ramosissima plants were measured continuously to determine the diurnal and seasonal variations of sap flow and to understand the water requirements of this species and the response of sap flow to meteorological factors. This article compared the sap flow rate measured by the heat balance method with the transpiration rate measured by rapid weighing, and validated that heat balance sap flow gauges were reliable for monitoring transpiration. The influence of meteorological factors on stem sap flow during the growing season was： solar radiation 〉 vapor pressure deficit 〉 air temperature 〉 rela- tive humidity 〉 wind speed. Bidirectional sap flows occurred at night, and negative sap flow generally corresponded to high atmospheric humidity. The average error in predicted sap flow rate ranged from -0.78% to 14.00% from June to September and for transpiration the average error was 8.19%. Therefore, based on the functional equations between sap flow and meteorological factors as well as sapwood area, transpiration of an individual plant, and even the stand-level transpiration, can be estimated accurately through extrapolation.

不同土壤水盐条件下多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)对胡杨(Populus euphratica)幼苗的影响

目前胡杨更新困难,种群处于退化阶段,而与其生态位高度重叠的多枝柽柳却在扩张。为探讨多枝柽柳对胡杨生长的影响,本研究设置了3个水平的水分、盐分梯度,对胡杨进行了单种和混种的盆栽控制实验,通过测定胡杨幼苗的生长和存活状况,分析不同水、盐梯度下多枝柽柳如何影响胡杨生长。结果表明:(1)多枝柽柳伴生降低当年生胡杨幼苗的存活率,随着水分条件改善,胡杨存活率提高,而盐分对存活率没有显著的影响。(2)水分、盐分和伴生模式几个因子对胡杨的生长特征的影响存在显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。各水盐条件下,多枝柽柳会不同程度降低胡杨幼苗的株高、主根长和地上地下生物量,而根冠比增大。混种条件下,胡杨幼苗对水盐的响应更为敏感。(3)相对竞争强度对水盐环境有明显的响应(P<0.05),随水分条件改善,地上、地下相对竞争强度降低。多枝柽柳对胡杨的生长产生不良影响的机制是通过快速消耗土壤的水分,从而导致胡杨幼苗水分亏缺。土壤水分条件是胡杨和多枝柽柳幼苗共存的关键因素,在水分供给不足的情况下,对水分偏好的差异导致胡杨无法通过实生苗进行有效的更新从而加剧胡杨种群的衰退,而多枝柽柳更为耐旱的特性使其逐步占据河岸的生境。我们的研究结果强调了两个树种对环境因子的适应性差异决定了河岸带植被发育过程中植物-土壤的相互作用导致胡杨在演替过程中表现出的衰退现象。

NaCl处理对多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)生长及生理的影响

以1年生多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)幼株为材料,采用盆栽试验研究不同浓度(0、50、100、200、400mmol·L–1)NaCl处理对多枝柽柳生长状况及叶片过氧化氢(H2O2)、丙二醛(MDA)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性,水势,可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量的影响。结果表明:低浓度(≤100mmol·L-1)的NaCl处理对多枝柽柳株高、冠幅面积、分枝数和叶、枝干重具有促进效应;高浓度(≥200mmol·L-1)的NaCl处理抑制了多枝柽柳生长,对侧根干重的抑制作用大于对冠幅面积、分枝数、叶干重、枝干重及株高的抑制。H2O2和MDA含量在低浓度(≤100mmol·L-1)NaCl处理下较对照未出现积累现象,随NaCl浓度升高(≥200mmol·L-1)二者含量较对照出现显著积累。低浓度(≤100mmol·L-1)NaCl处理下,多枝柽柳叶片SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性较对照均有所提高,高浓度的NaCl处理下SOD和POD活性开始降低。多枝柽柳叶片水势随NaCl处理浓度升高呈显著下降趋势。低浓度(≤100mmol·L-1)NaCl处理下脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量较对照呈上升趋势。

塔里木河上游胡杨(Populus euphratica、柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)水分来源的稳定同位素示踪

通过分析塔里木河上游胡杨(Populus euphratica)、柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)茎干水和各潜在水源(河水、土壤水、地下水)的δD、δ^(18)O同位素组成,应用多水源混合模型(IsoSource模型)研究了胡杨、柽柳的水分来源和对各潜在水源的利用比例。结果表明:0~100cm土壤水受蒸发影响大,土壤水δ^(18)O值偏大;100~300cm土壤水和地下水δ^(18)O值偏小且各点不存在显著差异。柽柳茎干水的δ^(18)O值小于胡杨,且均随河岸距离增加而减小;在河岸,胡杨最多能利用14.2%的河水,柽柳对河水的利用比例最大达到35.3%,二者对浅层0~100cm土壤水的利用比例较高;远离河岸,胡杨主要利用大于120cm的土壤水和地下水,对地下水的利用比例40%~50%,柽柳以地下水作为其主要水源,最大利用比例达到94.5%。胡杨生长需要适宜的地下水埋深条件(350~420cm),柽柳在浅地下水埋深和大于450cm的深地下水埋深条件下均能良好生长,对不同水分条件的适应能力优于胡杨。

绿洲沙漠过渡带柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)灌丛沙堆-丘间地系统土壤盐分含量特征

以塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘策勒绿洲西部过渡带为研究区,选取植被盖度为30%、15%~20%、10%、<5%的4个典型样地,对各样地的柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)灌丛沙堆-丘间地系统典型部位0~10cm和10~20cm土壤进行系统采样,测定土壤pH值及总盐、Cl^-、Na^+、K^+、SO_4^(2-)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、CO_3^(2-)、HCO_3^-含量,从风沙地貌的角度探讨过渡带沙漠化进程中土壤盐分分异规律。结果表明:随着植被总盖度的降低,0~10cm层土壤pH值及总盐、Cl^-、K^+、Na+含量总体呈先升高后降低的趋势;土壤SO2-4和Ca^(2+)含量呈先降低后升高的变化趋势;Mg^(2+)含量随着植被盖度的变化没有明显的变化规律。灌丛下→沙堆边缘→丘间地→风影区,总盐、Cl^-、K^+、Na^+、SO_4^(2-)、Ga^(2+)、Mg^(2+)含量呈先减小后增大的变化规律,最大值均位于灌丛下,最小值位于丘间地;pH值和HCO_3^-含量大体呈先升高后降低的趋势,最小值位于灌丛下,最大值多位于丘间地,二者存在中度相关(r=0.644)。与0~10cm土层相比,10~20cm总盐、Cl^-、K^+、Na^+含量明显增加,SO_4^(2-)、HCO_3^-、Ga^(2+)含量降低,Mg^(2+)含量和pH值没有明显的变化。两土层各盐分含量随植被盖度的梯变呈相对一致的变化趋势。在不同的环境条件下,以蒸腾作用、泌盐作用和根系的选择性吸收作用等为主的生物积盐作用与地下水蒸发聚盐以及地表风蚀强度等非生物因素之间的平衡关系,应该是影响绿洲沙漠过渡带柽柳灌丛沙堆盐岛效应强弱的关键因素。

高光谱指数法用于确定多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)蒸腾速率

蒸腾速率(Tr)是植物生理生态学研究中表征蒸腾耗水的常用指标,研究植物的蒸腾耗水有助于了解当地生态系统稳定性和水资源的可持续利用,但在遥感应用尤其在干旱区遥感应用中很少被使用。本文以古尔班通古特沙漠南缘的主要建群种多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)作为研究对象,应用高光谱指数法对其Tr日变化过程进行研究,寻找和确定最佳的Tr光谱指数。选择的6个光谱指数判定系数R2介于0.06~0.73,其中简单比值(SR)光谱指数有最高的判定系数(R2=0.73)、较低的均方根误差(RMSE=0.24)和较为简单的形式,光谱范围处于近红外波段(1 645~1 655nm)/(1 775~1 785nm)。SR作为Tr最佳光谱指数,对植被水分关系变化敏感,能够较好地记录和监测Tr日变化过程,有益于揭示光谱指数物理和生理机制。

Impacts of predictor variables and species models on simulating Tamarix ramosissima distribution in Tarim Basin, northwestern China

Aims Preserving and restoring Tamarix ramosissima is urgently required in the Tarim Basin,Northwest China.Using species distribution models to predict the biogeographical distribution of species is regularly used in conservation and other management activities.However,the uncertainty in the data and models inevitably reduces their prediction power.The major purpose of this study is to assess the impacts of predictor variables and species distribution models on simulating T.ramosissima distribution,to explore the relationships between predictor variables and species distribution models and to model the potential distribution of T.ramosissima in this basin.Methods Three models—the generalized linear model(GLM),classification and regression tree(CART)and Random Forests—were selected and were processed on the BIOMOD platform.The presence/absence data of T.ramosissima in the Tarim Basin,which were calculated from vegetation maps,were used as response variables.Climate,soil and digital elevation model(DEM)data variables were divided into four datasets and then used as predictors.The four datasets were(i)climate variables,(ii)soil,climate and DEM variables,(iii)principal component analysis(PCA)-based climate variables and(iv)PCA-based soil,climate and DEM variables.Important Findings The results indicate that predictive variables for species distribution models should be chosen carefully,because too many predictors can reduce the prediction power.The effectiveness of using PCA to reduce the correlation among predictors and enhance the modelling power depends on the chosen predictor variables and models.Our results implied that it is better to reduce the correlating predictors before model processing.The Random Forests model was more precise than the GLM and CART models.The best model for T.ramosissima was the Random Forests model with climate predictors alone.Soil variables considered in this study could not significantly improve the model’s prediction accuracy for T.ramosissima.The potential distribution area of T.ramosissima in the Tarim Basin is;3.57310^(4) km^(2),which has the potential to mitigate global warming and produce bioenergy through restoring T.ramosissima in the Tarim Basin.

Effect of Vigna radiata, Tamarix ramosissima and Carthamus lanatus extracts on Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica: An in vitro study

Objective:Current therapy strategies of leishmaniasis have some problems such as high cost,toxicity and side effects.Plant extracts can be a source of drugs to control leishmaniasis.In this study,the effect of hydroalcoholic and chloroformic extracts of Vigna radiata,Tamarix ramosissima,and Carthamus lanatus on Leishmania major and L.tropica was studied.Methods:The plant samples were collected from west of Iran and their extracts were prepared.Antipromastigote activity assay of all extracts was done using tetrazolium-dye assay.Results:Only high concentrations of V.radiata and C.lanatus were able to inhibit Leishmania,while both high and low concentrations of T.ramosissima had antileishmanial effect.No difference was observed between hydroalcoholic with chloroformic extract of each plant.Conclusion:Altogether,the results revealed the antileishmanial activity of T.ramosissima extracts against L.major and L.tropica,indicating its potential as an antileishmanial agent.

胡杨(Populus euphratica)与柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)径向生长特征对比

基于对额济纳旗胡杨(Populus euphratica)和柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)生长季树干的径向生长变化监测,以及气温、空气相对湿度和地下水位等环境因子的同步监测,利用突变检验和相关分析方法,对两树种日-季节尺度径向生长时间节点、阶段等特征及其环境因子响应模式进行了对比研究。结果显示:在两树种径向生长变化特征方面,日尺度上,胡杨每日径向生长最大值点出现和结束时间均比柽柳早3h左右;季节尺度上,胡杨进入快速生长阶段的时间迟于柽柳,并且比柽柳结束要早,持续时间短于柽柳。在环境响应机制方面,胡杨日收缩极值(eMDV)、日膨胀极值(iMDV)和日净生长量(ΔR)阶段变化平均值为柽柳的3倍以上,变化幅度也相对较大;两树种上述径向生长参数与气温和地下水埋深等因子日-季节尺度的响应模式基本一致,快速生长期的地下水位变化影响更为显著,尤其对于柽柳。研究结果对于荒漠河岸林可持续发展及内陆河流域水资源管理具有重要意义。

Influence of moisture on the growth and biomass allocation in Haloxylon ammodendron and Tamarix ramosissima seedlings in the shelterbelt along the Tarim Desert Highway, Xinjiang, China

The authors studied the effects using three different levels of irrigation on the growth and biomass allocation in H. ammodendron and T. ramosissima seedlings in the shelterbelt along the Tarim Desert Highway. The three irrigation amounts were 35 (CK), 24.5 (treatment 1), and 14 (treatment 2) kg·ind. plant-1·once-1, respectively. The results show that (1) the vertical depth of the two seedlings’ root increased with lower levels of irrigation showing that the two species adapted to decreased irrigation by root elongation in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert, and the vertical root depth of H. ammodendron under treatment 2 was notably higher than CK. (2) Compared with CK, the belowground biomass of treatment 1 and 2 both showed a significant increase as follows: H. ammodendron seedlings in- creased by 14.51% and 37.03% under treatment 1 and 2, respectively, while T. ramosissima seedlings increased by 68.19% and 25.78% under treatment 1 and 2, respectively. This means that H. ammoden- dron seedlings were more adapted to the conditions in treatment 2 while T. ramosissima seedlings were better adapted to treatment 1 conditions. (3) When compared with CK, the fine root bomass of these two species all exhibited some increase under both treatments, and ANOVA analysis showed that the biomass of deep layer root of the two species under treatment 2 was notably higher than CK and treatment 1. This should help seedlings to more effectively absorb soil water from deep layers during dry conditions. (4) The root-shoot ratio was different for these two species. For H. ammodendron seed- lings, the root-shoot ratio was less than 1, while for T. ramosissim seedlings it was larger than 1. The root-shoot ratio of H. ammodendron seedlings increased with decreasing levels of irrigation, and that of T. ramosissim seedlings also increased under treatment 2. (5) With decreasing levels of irrigation, due to the difference of species, the growth variation of aboveground indexes was also different, while compared with CK, it was not significant.

Physiological response of Tamarix ramosissima under water stress along the lower reaches of Tarim River

Tamarix ramosissima is one of the con- structive species growing on both sides of Tarim River which is favorable to constituting a natural bar- rier containing local deserts and protecting the oasis. By analyzing characteristics of the main physiological indexes, such as chlorophyll, soluble sugar, proline (Pro), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismu- tase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), C3-gibberellins (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA), at different sections with different water tables in the lower reaches of Tarim River, it has been found that these physiological indexes have close correlations with water tables. In addition, the rational ecological, coercing and critical water tables of T. ramosissima are 2-4 m, 6 m and 10 m, respectively, which pro- vides an important theoretical basis for the ecological conservation of extremely arid regions.

古尔班通古特沙漠西南缘多枝柽柳生理特性对沙堆不同堆积阶段的响应

多枝柽柳作为干旱荒漠区重要的防风固沙灌木,其长期与风沙作用过程中形成了柽柳灌丛沙堆,在维持区域生态环境稳定及遏制沙漠蔓延方面发挥着重要作用。以古尔班通古特沙漠西南缘地区不同发育阶段沙堆上生长的多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)为研究对象,以空间序列代替时间序列的方法模拟沙堆堆积发育过程,揭示多枝柽柳生理特征对沙堆不同堆积发育阶段的响应及适应机制。结果表明:(1)在沙堆堆积发育过程中,多枝柽柳叶片相对含水量(RWC)及自由水/束缚水(Vs/Va)均呈先上升后下降的变化,其中,在增长阶段沙堆上最高,衰退阶段沙堆上最低,水分饱和亏(WSD)则呈相反趋势;组织含水量(TWC)呈逐渐上升的变化,清晨水势(Ψ_(PD))及正午水势(Ψ_(MD))呈逐渐降低的变化。(2)在沙堆堆积发育过程中,多枝柽柳的光合有效辐射(PAR)、叶片温度(TL)、光合电子传递速率(ETR)以及调节性能量耗散[Y_((NPQ))]日变化均呈先上升后下降的变化,衰退阶段沙堆上多枝柽柳各参数的日均值最大;各发育阶段沙堆上多枝柽柳的非调节性能量耗散[Y_((NO))]日变化均呈先下降后上升的变化,实际光化学效率[Y_((II))]日变化均呈“N”型,且Y_((II))日均值大小依次为增长阶段沙堆(0.489)>稳定阶段沙堆(0.463)>雏形阶段沙堆(0.455)>衰退阶段沙堆(0.439)。(3)气温(TEMP)和PAR与叶片Y_((II))均呈显著负相关,与ETR均呈显著正相关;Y_((II))与ETR、Y_((NO))与Y_((NPQ))均呈现显著负相关;PAR、TEMP是影响不同堆积阶段沙堆上多枝柽柳生理特性的主要环境因子。综合分析表明,在沙堆堆积发育过程中,多枝柽柳可通过调节光合作用和水分利用之间的协同关系来响应微环境的变化,从而减少其脱水风险以实现最大程度资源利用。

基于网络药理学和分子对接技术初探红柳治疗酒精性肝损伤的作用机制及实验验证

目的 基于网络药理学和分子对接技术,研究天然植物红柳治疗小鼠酒精性肝损伤(ALI)的作用机制。方法 使用TCMSP平台,以口服利用度≥30%和类药性≥0.18分别作为预设条件,对红柳活性化学成分进行筛选;使用GeneCards、DrugBank等数据库,筛选ALI相关靶点;通过VennDiagram软件获得交集靶点(红柳和ALI);根据疾病-活性成分-交集靶点网络数据,最终遴选出主要活性成分和致病的关键靶点进行分子对接。动物实验采用慢性酒精喂养加急性灌胃法建立C57BL/6J小鼠ALI模型。通过丙二醛(MDA)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、肝脏指数、HE染色、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平等指标验证红柳对ALI的作用机制。结果 通过网络药理学从红柳中筛选获得活性成分12个,与ALI交集靶点共151个。推测红柳的主要活性成分为槲皮素、山柰酚、异鼠李素等,通过RELA/NF-κB p65、JUN、MAPK1、AKT1等关键靶点调节脂质-动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病并发症AGE-RAGE以及流体剪切应力-动脉粥样硬化等信号通路来发挥抗ALI作用。分子对接显示红柳主要活性成分与通路关键靶点蛋白结合能量均≤-28.8696 kJ·mol^(-1)。动物实验结果显示,与模型组相比,红柳组肝脏指数、MDA、ALT、AST和NF-κB p65水平均有所下降,HE染色显示肝组织变性情况减轻。结论 本研究初步揭示了红柳可通过多化学成分、多靶点、多通路对ALI起一定的保护作用,为天然药用植物的开发和利用提供了理论参考。

极端干旱条件下柽柳种群蒸散量的日变化研究

利用波文比能量平衡法对额济纳绿洲柽柳种群蒸散进行测定。结果表明,在晴朗无云的条件下,蒸散速率日变化呈单峰型。蒸散从早晨630以后出现,上午蒸散率上升过程缓慢,到中午达到峰值,随后蒸散速率迅速下降,到1600蒸散速率降到最小,夜间无蒸散,常出现负值,呈大气凝结过程。净辐射对蒸散起决定作用,蒸散速率的变化趋势与净辐射变化基本一致,其日变化具有相同的峰型。柽柳种群蒸散量随风速的增加而增加。土壤温度对柽柳种群蒸散速率的影响不大,但土壤温度的增加值的变化与蒸散速率的变化基本一致。土壤含水量的变化对蒸散速率产生影响,土壤含水量降低,蒸散速率减弱,土壤含水量增加,蒸散速率加快。相关分析表明,环境因子对蒸散速率影响的贡献依次为土壤温度的升高值>净辐射>风速>土壤含水量>空气温湿度。

克里雅河流域荒漠-绿洲交错带3种不同生活型植物的光合特性

利用LI-6400光合仪测定新疆克里雅河流域荒漠-绿洲交错带自然生长的芦苇、柽柳、胡杨叶片的气体交换参数及环境影响因子,通过对比3种植物光合特性的差异及其与环境因子间的关系,探讨3种植物对荒漠环境的适应特性和机制。结果表明:(1)3种植物叶片Pn日变化均呈不对称的双峰曲线,"午休"现象明显,Pn日均值的大小依次为胡杨>芦苇>柽柳,种间差异不显著。(2)Tr、PAR和Gs与3种植物Pn的日变化存在极显著或显著的相关关系,其中影响芦苇Pn的主要因子是Tr、PAR和Gs,作用效应为Tr>Gs>PAR;影响柽柳Pn的主要因子是Tr、Gs,作用效应为Tr>Gs;影响胡杨Pn的主要因子是Tr。(3)3种植物的光合作用对光强和CO2的响应特征可用二次方程描述;光补偿点和饱和点均为柽柳>胡杨>芦苇;CO2补偿点为胡杨>柽柳>芦苇,饱和点为胡杨>芦苇>柽柳。(4)3种植物的表观量子效率在0.0341—0.0411 mol/mol之间,羧化效率在0.0480—0.0546 mol m-2s-1之间。综合比较表明,3种干旱区植物在自然条件下日均净光合速率、光能利用率和CO2同化能力差异不显著,气孔限制是光合"午休"现象产生的主要原因;影响3种植物光合作用的主导因子各不相同,但Tr与Pn间的关系较其它因子更为密切。

两种立地条件梯田埂坎红柳根系特征研究

我国黄土高原为治理水土流失、改善农业生态环境修建了大面积的梯田 .坡改梯后 ,梯田埂坎占很大比重 ,在裸露的梯田埂坎配置埂坎林具有重要意义 .该文介绍了梯田埂坎林的研究状况 ,运用三维坐标根系全部挖掘法和 3D数据图像处理技术 ,对黄土丘陵区阳坡和阴坡下部两种立地条件埂坎红柳根系进行了研究 .研究结果认为 ,两种立地条件下的埂坎红柳都具有深根性的特点 ,但阴坡埂坎红柳根系的水平分布范围远大于阳坡 ,吸收根所占比重较大 ,根系的生长发育状况明显优于阳坡 ,造成对梯田作物的较大负面影响 。

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地多枝柽柳茎干液流及耗水量

2005年4—11月,利用植物茎流计研究了塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙漠公路防护林植物多枝柽柳的茎干液流特性和耗水量.结果表明:在极端干旱的沙漠腹地,土壤水分充足时,直径为3.5和2.0cm的多枝柽柳在整个生长季的日平均耗水量分别为6.322和1.179kg;多枝柽柳的茎干液流呈单峰曲线型,有明显的昼夜变化规律,茎干液流随环境因子变化而波动;在土壤水分充足的条件下,总辐射、风速、温度是影响茎干液流变化的主要环境因子,可以用总辐射和风速的线性回归模型预测茎干液流的变化.沙漠腹地多枝柽柳的蒸腾耗水量相对较高,是因为在较为充足的水分供应条件下,多枝柽柳通过大量的水分消耗来抵御干燥高温的沙漠环境.

策勒绿洲多枝柽柳灌溉前后水分生理指标变化的初步研究

在位于塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘的策勒绿洲对引洪灌溉后多枝柽柳清晨叶水势、水势日变化和蒸腾速率的变化特点进行了研究 .结果表明 ,灌溉后柽柳的清晨水势值 (- 0 .93MPa)比灌溉前的清晨水势值(- 1.0 4MPa)有所增加 ,但幅度不大 .因此 ,灌溉对柽柳清晨水势的恢复有一定的作用 .灌溉后柽柳水势的日变化均值 (- 2 .2 9MPa)比灌溉前的水势日变化均值 (- 1.6 9MPa)有较大降低 .灌溉后柽柳蒸腾速率的日变化值 (0 .5 0 5mmol·m-2 s-1)比灌溉前的蒸腾速率日变化值 (0 .18mmol·m-2 s-1)有较大增加 .从灌溉前后样地土壤含水量的变化和柽柳的根系分布情况看 ,这是柽柳利用地下水的结果 .柽柳通过深根系和地下水相接 。