The Major Western Cultural Influences on the Incubating Process of Ezra Pound＇s Early Poetics

This paper intends to study Ezra Pound＇s early poetics and his modernist poetry through a close research of the various elements in the shaping process of his poetics, and the significance and influence of his poetic thoughts on the American New Poetry Movement. It studies firstly the early translations and romantic lyrics of Pound, trying to demonstrate that part of the influence on his early poetics is from the Western traditional cultural inheritance and that the emphasis on musicality that Pound inherited from traditional forms of poetry turns out to be one of the major principles that Pound advocates in his early poetics; then it comes to the discussion of the new translation concepts and poetics in ＂The Seafarer＂ （1911）, which is a great work Pound translated based on an Old English poem; next this paper will focus on the influence of Robert Browning＇s dramatic monologues and Yeats＇ Symbolism on Pound＇s transition from subjectivity to objectivity.

Interpreting The Clockmaker from the Perspective of Greenblatt’s Cultural Poetics

Thomas·C·Haliburton(1796-1865)establishes a literary fame as“the first Canadian writer to establish an international reputation”and a great humorist,with the publication of his masterpiece The Clockmaker(1836).Centering on Nova Scotia,the origin place of Canadian literature and the first British colony in Canada,the book conveys deep concerns on local reality under the British colonization in the 1830s.Haliburton as a Loyalist firmly opposes violent revolution against the British Empire whereas promotes gradual evolution in the colony.This is a typical demonstration of ideological contradictions in colonies.Greenblatt’s Cultural Poetics generally explores political consciousness and ideology in literary texts.It surpasses the dichotomy mode of Western radical ideology and never views the relationship between domination and resistance as a simple confrontation.From the perspective of Greenblatt’s Culture Poetics,this essay interprets the process of“improvisation of power”,“subversion”and“containment”in the colony reflected in The Clockmaker in order to explore Nova Scotians’awakening of independence awareness in the 1830s.

The Travelling Muse Cathay and the Influence of Chinese Classical Poems on Ezra Pound＇s Poetics＊

This paper intends to study Ezra Pound＇s early poetics and his modemist poetry through a close research of the Eastern elements in the shaping process of his poetics and the significance and influence of his poetic thoughts on the American New Poetry Movement. In order to clarify the essence of Pound＇s early poetics under the influence of Chinese classical poems, the paper starts from the discussion of the influence of Cathay （1915） and his translation of Cathay; then it provides a detailed analysis of the relationship between Chinese classical poems and Pound＇s creation; and finally it has given an analysis of ＂In a Station of the Metro＂. Pound absorbed different poetic concepts from all of them and transformed his poetry from the conventional Romanticism to the innovative Modemism. What Pound innovated in the poetry composition is of great importance if the new era wishes to shake off the banality and out-of-date tradition in literature. Pound changed a whole generation of poets and set a good example for those who desire to write in a new way

Urban Poetics in John Updike’s Sonnet“New York City”

Based on Robert E.Park’s theoretical frame of social urban study,the“psychophysical mechanism”,urban poetics mainly researches the mutual relations between the physical and the moral organizations of a city in urban poems,novels and dramas.This article considers John Updike as an urban poet since his poem collection Americana(2001)is a collection of urban poems.One of the representative poems,the sonnet“New York City”,depicts a despairing“separate nation”by presenting three typical physical cityscapes:television,beggars and skyscrapers.Each physical cityscape reveals its cultural value and social tradition of the city,and the psychological problems of the city dwellers.Tracing Updike’s personal urban experience and the poem’s intertextual space,this article explores his criticism on American big city:the alienated human relations,the anxiety of city life and the smallness of solipsism.His intention to parody John Milton’s Pandemonium in Paradise Lost,and to pay homage to Walt Whitman,reveals that this sonnet embodies rich connotations of urban poetics.

An Analysis of the Non-mandatory Explicitation in Two English Versions of Chuanxilu from the Perspective of Poetics

Chuanxilu is a collection of Wang Yangming’s questions&answers and letters on learning.It is a masterpiece of Neo Confucianism since the pre-Qin period.This paper,from the perspective of translation poetics,takes two English versions of Chuanxilu as the main research objects,makes quantitative statistics and qualitative analysis of the non-mandatory explicitation in the translation,aiming to explore the influence of poetics on the translator’s English translation of Chuanxilu,so as to provide some enlightenment for the external translation and interpretation of Wang Yangming’s theory of mind.

Interpreting the Merits In Aristotle's Poetics

Aristotle's Poetics represents the first major work of literature criticism. In this masterpiece,Aristotle expresses his literary and aesthetical theories. By introducing the merits in Aristotle's Poetics,this thesis tends to reveal Aristotle's large and enduring influence on modern literary criticism.

The Three Stages of John Keats＇s Poetics

Apart from poetry, John Keats＇s concise remarks on poetics scatter miscellaneously in his other writings, whichhave been less studied compared with that of Keats＇s contemporary romantic poets. However, those terse remarksconstitute his deep perception on romantic poetry, many of which are now still glistening with their unique value.Based upon close reading upon Keats＇s poetical works and letters as well as later critics＇ books on poetry, thispaper intends to make a systematic study of Keats＇s poetics. Aiming at illustrating Keats＇ poetics, this paper fallsinto three parts--the first part being ＂Inspiration： Poetry as John Keats＇s Life＂, the second ＂Perspiration： NaturalGenius Plus Exquisite Revision＂, and the third ＂Perfection： the Aeolian Lyre＂.

Borges＇ Poetics of Visible Unrealities

Close reading and inter-textual analysis of Borges＇ essays, fiction, and poetry suggest a poetics of visible unrealities, a fiction that calls attention to its own artifice. Borges＇s poetics of reading and dreaming require another poetics of the work as a text that calls attention to its own artifice. In reading Borges＇ fiction, the separate roles and identities of reader, writer, and work of fiction merge and exchange roles, powers, and identities and are transformed into a single act of dreaming, which assumes cosmogonic and apocalyptic risks. In the dominant role given to the reader, the work of fiction as an object or work of art does not exist unless it is read. There is no determinate text, only a version of our own we re-write and invent every time we read the text. The author＇s reading is not a spontaneous evocation of vision, but an artifice, as artificial as the writing of the fiction. As writers and readers we are composed of texts and schemata, alphabets and artifacts, not merely mental perceptions and ideas. The reader requires a prior text to copy, translate, and recreate, and that text only exists as a fictional microcosm in so far as it is being read by a Reader who is able to actualize the revelation only imminent within it.

The Negotiation between Greenblatt and Jameson on Politics and Poetics in Contemporary China

Stephen Greenblatt who first introduces the term“New Historicism”,for these years has gradually entered the mainstream from the edge of the academic and has influenced many fields fundamentally.For Greenblatt,the relationship between society and literature,politics and poetics,is the key to the study of Cultural Poetics.Therefore,in the thesis of“Towards a Poetics of Culture”,he debated with Jameson,considering him asalien,and taking the contemporary China as an argument in order to demonstrate that the functional distinctions between politics and poetics should be separated.Moreover,he deemed that these two must be adjusted in order to adapt to each other.If we learn from the methodology of New Historicism that focuses on contexts and interpretation patterns,we will find that the divergence of their views can be eventually traced back to the theoretical,political and ideological differences.

Yuan Kejia＇s Poetics and the western influence

Yuan Kejia＇s poetics is the theory about the modernization of the new poetry. Some of his specific views on ＂the poetry and non poems＂, ＂the reality and the poetry＂, ＂the experience and the poetry＂, ＂the logic of the imagination＂, and ＂the drama doctrine＂ and other problems and the poetics texts are influenced by the western poetry, poetics or the literary theories. But it is not the summary of the Chinese theories of the western poetry or the Chinese version of the western poetry or the literary theories, but an attempt to ＂use all the cultural and academic achievements to come close to the literature and understand the literature＂, to develop the Chinese noetics.

Two Dimensions to Interpret the Poem “Mountain Graveyard” Based on Structuralist Poetics

To interpret and appreciate a poem from the perspective of Structuralist Poetics, its value will be revealed from two dimensions: its static structure and dynamic meaning. On one hand, Structuralist Poetics following the critic mode of New Criticism by analyzing its structure and language; on the other hand Structuralist Poetics goes beyond that static way of criticism and combines a poem with other literary works, readers'capabilities of reading and other factors together, thus constructs more meanings.

The Analysis of the Symbol Meaning of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince—From the Perspective of Poetics

The Analysis of the Symbol Meaning of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince—From the Perspective of

A Comparative Analysis of Chinese and English Concrete Poetry Based on Cognitive Poetics and Multimodality——a Case Study of A War Symphony and l(a

Traditional approaches to interpret poetry have been poet-oriented, appearing alien to reader's understanding and appreciation, which are generally insensitive to the aesthetic and emotional reflection during the process of analyzing poetry. This essay aims to combine cognitive poetics with multimodal discourse analysis(MDA) to analyze concrete poems from readers' angle. In this research, figure and ground, conceptual metaphor, and image schema of cognitive poetics are adopted to interpret A War Symphony and l(a from the perspective of visual modality and auditory modality. Meanwhile, the differences between Chinese and English concrete poetry in modality choosing and meaning conveying as well as the reasons are explored. This research reveals that readers are able to comprehend poetic meaning according to their life experiences. The multi-dimensional perspective of visual and auditory modalities is conductive to exploring how readers challenge traditional reading mode to interpret poetic ideas. Meanwhile, three theories of cognitive poetics facilitate readers to perceive poetics effect with a cognitive mechanism.Therefore, all of these efforts are bound to arouse readers' interest in such a kind of anti-traditional poetry and broaden its popularity.

Adrienne Rich＇s Quest for Feminist Poetics

Adrienne Rich has been regarded as a foremost poet,essayist and feminist in contemporary America.Her poetry of the 1970s marks the shift of her poetic stance from the imitation and inheritance of the modern male poetic tradition to feminist poetics.The formation of Rich's feminist poetics is the outcome of her life experiences and the social context around the 1970s.Rich adheres to the principle of"writing as revision"on the part of women,shows much concern for the poetic depiction of women's experiences,and questions the materiality of life.Rich's quest for feminist poetics is directed both towards the outer world in which women live and women's inner world.She tries to remap the"cartography"of women's own in the patriarchal world by weaving her feminist thoughts into the poems.And simultaneously,she provides her profound thinking about women's existence as integral human beings,thus expressing her life philosophy in poetry writing.

From Diction to Form —— The Influence of Aristotle's Poetics on Formalism

Aristotle's Poetics exerts great influence upon literary critical theories.What he discussed in the Poetics has been direct or indirect sources for the later literary critical theories.Formalism Criticism,the first contemporary literary critical theory,mainly takes linguistics as an approach to study literature and especially takes the form of literature as their research focus.This approach can be traced back to what Aristotle discussed about diction in Poetics.Aristotle's deliberate discussion about diction in Poetics,actually lays a foundation for Formalism Criticism.From diction to form shows the influence of Aristotle's poetics upon Formalism.

The Violation of Poetics by Waiting for Godot—From the Perspective of the Authenticity of Poetry

Poetics by Aristotle sets the dogmas for literature,while Waiting for Godot,the representative of the Theater of the Ab⁃surd,violates the former’s principles to achieve certain effects.The thesis will analyze the violation from the angle of Solidity or Authenticity of art and poetry,which are the likelinessandnecessity,and credibility.By digressing from the traditional rules,Wait⁃ing for Godot helps to create absurdity reflecting the inner loss of people after the war and to form a sense of alienation from reality.

On the Central Position of“Chanting to Express One's Qing and Xing”in Classical Chinese Lyrical Poetics

“Chanting to express one's qing(emotions)and xing(natural inclination)”holds a central position in a series of lyrical theories in Chinese classical poetics.Based on the philosophy of emotions and dispositions,this concept marks the development from the expression of aspirations and emotions in general and collective poetics prevalent in the pre-Qin period to the lyrical theory of individual poetics.The poetry of literati in the Han and Wei dynasties originated from the view of“expressing aspirations”and gave rise to the view of“springing from emotions.”During the Southern and Northern dynasties,poetic thought centered on qing and xing began to be established,and people often associated poetry with“chanting to express one's qing and xing”in addition to the concepts of“expressing aspirations”and“springing from emotions.”The poetics of the Tang Dynasty absorbed the view of“Introduction to Mao's Version of The Book of Odes”on the ballads and court hymns composed in the decline of the Zhou Dynasty and the theory of qing and xing from the Southern and Northern dynasties.Its fundamental assertion regarding poetry is“chanting to express one's qing and xing,”and it endowed the traditional theory of qing and xing with an emphasis on individuality and a reverence for natural aesthetics.Despite advocating the didactic purpose,the poetics of the Tang Dynasty essentially aligned with the ballads composed in the decline of the Zhou Dynasty,“chanting to express one's qing and xing.”In the Song Dynasty,the theory of qing and xing was combined with individual ethical essence,serving as the ideological foundation of the emphasis on reason in Song poetry.In the Ming and Qing dynasties,poets still followed the traditional theory of qing and xing,considering qing and xing as the foundation of poetry.Among them,the school of“expressing one's inner self”emphasized the natural expression of individuality and valued inspiration and innovation.

A poetics of“Wind in a Box”

This essay is a re-application of the language codes of Roland Barthes and Jonathan Culler’s concept for Structuralist Poetics.The approach I use explores the codes demonstrated in Barthes’well-known text,S/Z with slight modifications for their application to poetry.The concepts borrowed from Mr.Culler are from his book of the same title:Structuralist Poetics:Structuralism,Linguistics and the Study of Literature(Cornell University Press,1975).Culler’s main argument is that there must be other,un-attempted strategies combined with conventional approaches in literature of that time period.His answer to this problem was to develop a set of linguistic-based concepts to compensate for the reader in the analysis of literary works.I have applied in this essay my approach based on Culler’s methodology and the language codes of Roland Barthes:semantic,symbolic,cultural-referential,actional and hermeneutic.I apply Culler’s concepts to a reading of poetry followed by an application of the language codes as a further development of my work in revitalizing this never-before applied method.

中华美学史的性质及内在逻辑论

对于中华美学史的性质及内在逻辑,可以从五个方面展开论述:第一,中华美学的民族性。中华美学是中华民族的美学,中华民族文化以汉文化为灵魂,却绝不只是汉族文化,它熔铸了生活在中国大地上的诸多民族的文化精神,突出体现了中华民族共同的理念、精神、传统。第二,中华美学的国家性。中华美学的国家性奠基于周朝,周朝的礼乐文化既是政治文化,又是审美文化。中华文化中的主要学派儒、道、墨等的美学思想均见出鲜明的国家性。第三,中华美学的文化骨架。其根植于中华文化的三大流派:儒、道、释。儒家美学重社会,道家美学重自然,释家美学重心性。三者相对而又互补,共同构成中华美学的文化骨架。第四,中华美学的诗性品位。《诗经》《楚辞》和唐诗的巨大影响构建了中华美学的诗性品位。第五,中华美学的基本精神。其体现在对审美本体论的认识上,道家的美在自然与儒家的美在文明的统一,构成了中华美学的基本精神。

On the Construction of World Poetics

Since ＂world literature＂ has in recent years become a topic of heated international discussion in the humanities, we need to formulate a concept of world poetics. This is for the following theoretical reasons. Firstly, world poetics is a natural theoretical sublation of research achievements in the field of world literature and comparative poetics. The current dominance of Western literary theories does not do justice to the experience of the literatures and literary theories of other countries and peoples. Secondly, to date, all influential literary interpretations and theories have been produced in a Western setting. However, due to the limitations of the linguistic and cultural background of such interpretations, they cannot simultaneously cover the categories and experiences of Eastern and Western literatures and literary theories. Thirdly, Chinese scholars have a long history of research in cutting-edge Western literary theories and abundant experience in indigenous Eastern literatures and critical theory. Formulating the concept of world poetics will improve world literary theories and concepts and will remap the scenario of existing world literatures and literary theories.