Tanreqing injection auxiliary in the treatment of heart failure with pulmonary infection:A systematic review

Objective:To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Tanreqing injection in the treatment of heart failure complicated with pulmonary infection.Methods:The database of CNKI,SinoMed,VIP full text database,Wanfang database,Cochrance Library,Web of Science and PubMed were searched.The retrieval time was from the inception to August 2021.Clinical randomized controlled trial of Tanreqing injection in the treatment of heart failure complicated with pulmonary infection was collected,and two researchers independently screened the document data.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.1 software.Results:A total of 10 documents were included,including 862 cases of heart failure complicated with pulmonary infection,including 431 cases in the test group,and 431 cases in the control group.The Meta analysis showed that compared to the control group,the test group increased clinical efficiency[OR=4.56,95%CI(2.79,7.52),P<0.00001],reduced the value of C-reactive protein[MD=-7.55,95%CI(-11.40,-3.69),P=0.0001],reduced the time required to correct heart failure[OR=-4.04,95%CI(-4.59,-3.49),P<0.00001],reduced the number of days of the average hospitalization[MD=-4.78,95%CI(-6.67,-2.89),P<0.00001],and there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions.Conclusion:Tanreqing injection,as an auxiliary treatment for heart failure complicated with pulmonary infection,has significantly effective effect on improving efficiency.Tanreqing injection has a certain advantage in reducing C-creative protein values,shortening the time of correcting heart failure,and reducing the number of days of the average hospitalization,and the adverse reactions are smaller.However,the overall quality of the included studies is low,and more high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to increase the evidence-based basis.

Effect of Tanreqing Injection(痰热清注射液)on Treatment of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Chinese Medicine Syndrome of Retention of Phlegm and Heat in Fei(肺)

Objective：To explore the effect of Tanreqing Injection（痰热清注射液,TRQI） on the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（AECOPD） with Chinese medicine syndrome of retention of phlegm and heat in Fei（痰热阻肺证,RPHF）.Methods：In a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial,90 patients with AECOPD of RPHF syndrome were randomly assigned to 3 groups,TRQI and controls A and B,each with 30 cases.The TRQI group was administered with the intravenous injections of 20 mL TRQI once a day and conventional Western medicine treatment.Control group A was administered with the intravenous injection of 15 mg ambroxol hydrochloride twice a day and conventional Western medicine treatment,and control group B was administered with conventional Western medicine treatment only.The treatments were administered for 10 days.Chinese medical symptoms and signs were scored,and plasma concentrations of interleukin（IL）-8 and neutrophil elastase（NE） were recorded.Results：（1） The Chinese medical symptoms （cough,sputum amount,expectoration,dyspnea and fever） and signs（tongue and pulse） improved significantly in the TRQI group（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）,and improvements in cough,sputum amount and expectoration were better in the TRQI group than control group B（P〈0.05）;there was no significant difference between the TRQI group and control group A（P〉0.05）.The sign of tongue was also improved significantly in the TRQI group （P〈0.05）.（2） The overall effects in the TRQI group and control group A were significantly better than in control group B（P〈0.05）,with no significant differences between the TRQI group and control group A（P〉0.05）.There was no significant difference in the total effective rate among the three groups（P〉0.05）.（3） After treatment, the plasma concentrations of IL-8 and NE decreased in the TRQI group and control group A（P〈0.05）,and the concentration of IL-8 in control group B decreased（P〈0.05）.The difference in IL-8 was greater in the TRQI group than in control group A and B before and after treatment,and the change in NE was greater in control group A than in the TRQI group and control group B,but there was no statistical significance among the three groups with regards to the change in IL-8 or NE（P〉0.05）.Conclusion：TRQI could improved the Chinese medical signs and symptoms in the patients with AECOPD,possibly because of the decreasing plasma levels of IL-8 and NE which could improve response to airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion.

LC-MS/MS analysis and pharmacokinetic study on five bioactive constituents of Tanreqing injection in rats

Tanreqing injection(TRQ), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine formula, is commonly used to treat respiratory diseases. In the present study, a rapid, selective, and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to simultaneously determinate the plasma contents of 5 major constituents of TRQ, including chlorogenic acid(CHA), caffeic acid(CFA), baicalin(BA), ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA) in rats after intravenous administration of TRQ. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent Zorbax SB-C_(18) column(3.5 μm, 100 mm × 2.1 mm), with acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous formic acid as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.3 m L·min^(^(-1)). The calibration curves were linear over the ranges of 27.0–13 333.0 ng·m L^(-1) for CFA, 30.0–14 933.0 ng·m L^(-1) for CHA, 50.0–50 333.0 ng·m L^(-1) for BA, 550.0–55 000.0 ng·m L^(-1) for UDCA, and 480.0–48 000.0 ng·m L^(-1) for CDCA, respectively. Intra- and inter-day precisions(relative standard deviations, RSDs) were from 3.11% to 14.08%. The extraction recoveries were greater than 71% and accuracy(relative recovery) was from 89% to 137% for all analytes, except endogenous bile acids. This validated method was successfully applied to the first pharmacokinetic study of CFA, CHA, BA, UDCA and CDCA in rat plasma after intravenous administration of TRQ.

Screening and identification of multiple components in Tanreqing injection using RP-HPLC combined with DAD and ESI-TOF/MS

A liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector(DAD) and electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(ESI-TOF/MS) method was developed for the screening and identification of the multiple components in Tanreqing injection, a well-known Chinese medicine injection in China. By combining the DAD spectrum and the accurate mass measurement of ESI-TOF/MS, twelve components in Tanreqing injection were identified. This study contributes to clarifying the nature of Tanreqing injection, and provides an effective and reliable process for the comprehensive and systematic characterization of complex traditional Chinese medicine preparations.

Tanreqing Injection(痰热清注射液) for Patients with Influenza: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tanreqing Injection(痰热清注射液,TRQI)combined with conventional treatment on clinical outcomes in the treatment of patients with influenza.Methods:The electronic databases searched were Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL,The Cochrane Library),MEDLINE(PubMed),EMbase(OvidSP),Chinese Bio-medical Literature and Retrieval System(Sinomed),China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database(CNKI),China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP)and WanFang Data Knowledge Service Platform,and we checked the reference sections of the retrieved articles as well.The search was performed in October 2018,and we used the randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that corresponded to the new diagnostic criteria for influenza.Two review authors independently screened the internalized articles in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis(PRISMA)statement checklist.We evaluated the quality of the articles and extracted the data from the studies using the Revmen5.3 software.Results:We included 12 RCTs of over 882 cases in this meta-analysis.Compared to conventional treatment,TRQI combined with conventional treatment could increase the total effective rate[9 RCTs,n=648,odds ratio(OR):4.92,95%confidence interval(CI):2.94,8.24,P<0.0001,random effects model],decrease the average time for fever clearance[7 RCTs,n=564,mean difference(MD):–1.08,95%CI:–1.68,–0.48,P=0.0004,random effects model]and decrease the time for resolution of cough(5 RCTs,n=362,MD:–1.76,95%CI:–2.63,–0.90,P<0.0001,random effects model).Conclusion:Based on this meta-analysis of RCTs,TRQI combined with conventional treatment had a statistically significant benefit in increasing the total effective treatment rate and reducing the time for fever clearance as well as time for resolution of cough.