Capital Account Openness,Exchange Rate Volatility and Economic Growth:International Experiences and Implications

Based on the Barro classical growth model, this paper introduces capital account openness and exchange rate volatility to conduct an empirical analysis using the panel data of 182 countries(regions) during 1970-2013 to examine the combined effects of capital account openness and exchange rate risks on economic growth. Our findings are as follows:(1) Without considering exchange rate volatility, capital account openness is subject to a threshold effect, i.e. capital account openness significantly promotes the economic growth of middle-and high-income countries but exerts the opposite effect on low-income countries; and(2) after exchange rate volatility is taken into account, the growth effect of capital account openness is reduced and the greater the exchange rate volatility is, the smaller the marginal effect of capital account openness will be; sample-specific results also proved the existence of the threshold effect. This paper offers the following implications:(1) The effect of capital account openness can be better examined based on risk factors;(2) moderately controlling exchange rate volatility is conducive to acquiring greater benefits from capital account openness; and(3) the threshold effect of capital account openness cannot be overlooked.

Threshold Effects in the Capital Account Liberalization and Foreign Direct Investment Relationship

This paper examines how capital account liberalization （CAL） affects foreign direct investment （FDI） inflows. Authors use a dynamic panel model encompassing 14 Middle East countries over the period from 1985 to 2009. The findings suggest that countries that are able to reap the benefits of the capital openness policy satisfy certain threshold conditions regarding the level of financial development and institutional quality. Thus to promote FDI, governments in this region should develop a set of policies that not only focus on financial openness, but also on the improvement of the financial system and legal institutions.

How to Prepare the Accounting Entry on the Basis of Capital Movement

It is well known that economic transactions must be prepared the accounting entries before they are registered in account books. Therefore, it＇s the most important procedure in the whole accounting work to prepare the accounting entries correctly. This paper puts forward how to prepare the accounting entry on the basis of capital movement because the traditional method is so complex, abstract and incomprehensible to be mastered by beginners. The research shows that the new method proposed in the paper is very direct, pictorial, and concrete. It is very easy to be mastered by a beginner of accounting.

Factor Capitalization,Industry Development and Targeted Poverty Alleviation——Based on the Investigation of Danzhai County,Guizhou Province

At present,targeted poverty alleviation is a major development strategy in China.Based on the investigation of Danzhai County in Guizhou Province,this paper argues that industry development is the fundamental measure through which to implement the poverty alleviation program.Industry development includes both the development of local industries in povertystricken areas and the development of industries in other regions of China.Local development is mainly achieved when the invisible superior resources become visible and the notable superior resources are capitalized in povertystricken areas,in which,the capitalization of factors and resources relies on fundamental governmental investments which will create a profit space for the poverty-stricken areas through the down-to-countryside cadres' precise guidance for the use of poverty alleviation funds to help identify a breakthrough for industry development,and particularly the attempts to focus on the development of high-end industries under the lower-end production mode to form a community with common interests aiding poverty alleviation.Development in other regions can be mainly achieved through various modes such as "tax-finance-poverty alleviation," "industry-employment-poverty alleviation" and "industry-enterprise direct investment-poverty alleviation" to offer indirect or direct support for poverty alleviation in poverty-stricken areas.An appropriate handling is required to deal with many problems related to the local industry development in targeted poverty alleviation and the targeted poverty alleviation in industry development.

Triptych Knowledge—Skills—Payroll and Business Performance: Application of an Operational Model for an Accounting Rating of the Human Capital in the Area of Distribution

The human capital’s accounting could allow companies to better manage the acquired knowledge and the skills developed by the employees when they join the firm.An operational model,suitable for a business enterprise’s HR manager and validated by its headboard,needs to include the employees’expertise and skills relative to their“cost”for the employer—the wage bill—and an assessment of the commercial performance.The human capital’s valuation includes methodological issues.Besides,the notion of human capital seems hardly understandable as a whole:The human capital gathers nevertheless components,such as knowledge—skills for which a first valuation can be proposed to test an accounting evaluation model for the operational human capital.In a perspective of a responsible management and a good HR policy,the method used must be able to better manage the knowledge and the competences employees acquired by accompanying them with the appropriate human resource management practices.This paper aims to show that the accounting valuation of human capital can become a tool in order to manage the knowledge and skills acquired and able to support a company’s human resources policy while being useful to its commercial performance—here in the distribution sector.In a research-intervention frame led in a responsible group,we use a model based on a triptych—wage bill,knowledge,and skills—to evaluate the human capital’s accounting,with an analytical highlight on the components measurement of the used“knowledge”and“skills”indexes in particular.A reflection on the operational model’s enrichment is proposed.

Rethinking Intellectual Capital Accounting Through Professional Sport Organizations

The purpose of this paper is to systematize sport accounting literature with intellectual capital(IC)lenses.Professional sport organizations are knowledge-based institutions,in which the IC plays a central role.IC is a significant driver for value creation for professional sport organizations and it is the expression of their market value.The relevance of IC in professional sport organizations allows us to delve into IC accounting research.Growing but highly fragmented literature focuses on accounting and reporting practices inside professional sport organizations,and analyzes single aspects of IC.As a starting point,we analyze the sport organizations’literature with the aim of investigating the IC value creation process.We then investigate IC accounting and reporting practices and the role of IC disclosure in relation to information transparency.The present work contributes to the extant literature by providing the“state of the art”of sport studies in accounting for IC.It also contributes to the extant literature by offering future avenues for advances in IC accounting research and theories.

扩大金融领域制度型开放的运行机理、现实风险和实施路径

扩大金融领域制度型开放是开放型经济发展的必然要求,是实现国民经济高质量发展和中国式现代化的重要保证。以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,结合数字科技产业发展与中国积极加入CPTPP、DEPA的趋势要求,以国际高标准规则和中国金融开放的问题为导向,厘清金融领域制度型开放的瓶颈和基于RTA规则的差距,从金融服务业务、金融市场和资本账户等领域分析扩大金融领域制度型开放的运行机理和现实风险,并在此基础上提出金融领域制度型开放有序扩大的长中短期目标、实施路径、战略规划和方案设计。文章的研究为中国克服金融开放瓶颈,推进“金融深化”,建设金融强国,建立和完善中国特色的自主性开放型金融理论知识体系提供有益贡献。

经济增长目标调整促进了资本流动吗——基于企业跨地区投资的视角

地方政府“为增长而竞争”的发展模式是造成市场分割的重要因素,那么经济增长目标下调能否缓解这一局面、促进要素资源自由流通?为了回答这一问题,本文以上市公司在异地设立子公司的行为衡量资本要素的流动性,系统考察经济增长目标下调对企业跨地区投资的影响。研究发现,经济增长目标下调能够促进资本流动,表现为经济增长目标下调显著提升了辖区内上市公司设立异地子公司的比例;影响机制分析表明,经济增长目标下调提高了政府放权意愿,降低了市场分割程度,进而促进了企业跨地区投资;进一步的异质性分析揭示,在地区行政壁垒较低、行业竞争程度较高及民营企业样本中,经济增长目标下调对企业跨地区投资的促进作用更加明显。本文丰富了制度性政府行为影响资源配置的相关研究,为当前推进全国统一大市场建设提供了直接的政策思路。

国有资本授权经营体制改革能提高国企会计信息质量吗?

以管资本为主改革国有资本授权经营体制是深化国资国企改革的重要突破口。本文利用手工搜集的国有资本投资运营公司试点数据,以2009—2022年沪深A股国有上市公司为研究对象,采用多期双重差分模型考察了国有资本授权经营体制改革对国有企业会计信息质量的影响。结果显示,国有资本授权经营体制改革能够显著提高国有企业会计信息质量。进一步研究发现,国有资本授权经营体制改革对会计信息质量的提升作用受到行政层级、功能界定与分类、非国有股东治理的影响。本文丰富了国有资本授权经营体制改革经济后果以及会计信息质量影响因素的相关研究,对深化国资国企改革、促进资本市场平稳健康发展具有启示意义。

“双碳”目标引领下家庭碳账户体系的构建对策及建议

碳账户体系建设是践行国家“双碳”目标的重要路径。随着个人碳账户的不断完善,开展家庭碳账户的试点探索,有助于个人碳账户应用体系与碳市场的建立与完善。从家庭碳账户体系构建的背景及意义出发,通过文献调研与实证调查等方法,分析个人碳账户存在问题及对家庭碳账户体系构建的启示。研究结果表明,个人碳账户建设存在多平台重复建设及标准不统一问题、公平性与合理性问题、信息准确性与偏差问题、以及减排政策框架的有效融合欠缺问题。在“双碳”目标引领下,应设立家庭碳户主并建立家庭碳共济总账户,整合碳账户平台并完善家庭碳账户数据信息,创新家庭碳普惠模式,以构建并完善家庭碳账户体系,促进全民参与绿色低碳生态文明行动。

资本账户开放对企业投资效率的影响研究

依据2001—2017年95个国家的上市企业数据,考量资本账户开放对企业投资效率的作用。结果显示:资本账户开放能提高企业投资效率,缓解投资不足,抑制过度投资;机制检验表明,资本账户开放通过提高市场竞争、缓解融资约束以及提高风险承担水平三个渠道提高企业投资效率。异质性检验显示,流入方向的资本账户开放对企业投资效率的提升更大,资本账户开放主要提高了金融市场发展程度高的国家、外部融资依赖度高的行业以及高杠杆率企业的投资效率。鉴于此,建议有序开放资本账户,加快金融市场建设,积极融入全球资本市场发展。

考虑无形资产框架下全要素生产率对经济增长质量的贡献

在知识经济时代,无形资本被视为促进经济增长的重要决定因素。本文在对无形资产进行分类的基础上,估算了我国宏观层面的无形资产投资规模及无形资本存量,并将其引入增长核算模型,测算各类要素以及全要素生产率(TFP)对经济增长的贡献。研究得到以下结论:2003—2021年,我国无形资产投资规模增长快速,高于同时期的固定资产投资增速以及国内生产总值增速。从结构看,无形资产投资中创新资产占比最高,但其中的研究与试验发展支出还需要加强;计算机信息化资产和经济竞争力资产占比相对较低,尤其是经济竞争力资产中的员工人力资本和企业组织资本投资支出还有较大提升空间。从贡献率看,无形资本深化对经济增长质量的贡献率显著上升,近10年来贡献率上升近10个百分点;TFP对经济增长质量起到重要作用,在考虑无形资产要素后,TFP的贡献率有所下降,这表明以往TFP的测算可能被高估。

外资股东愿意参与精准扶贫吗?

精准扶贫是近年来中国上市公司履行社会责任的特殊表现形式,以2016—2021年沪深A股上市公司为样本,实证检验了外资股东与精准扶贫之间的关系。研究发现,外资股东愿意积极地参与精准扶贫。具体而言,与没有外资股东的上市公司相比,有外资股东的上市公司参与精准扶贫的概率与精准扶贫投入力度都更大,而且外资股东数量越多的上市公司,其参与精准扶贫的概率与精准扶贫投入力度也更大,这一结论在控制了稳健性因素与内生性因素同样成立。不同情境异质性检验结果表明,外资股东对精准扶贫的推动作用,在非国有企业、低制度环境地区、低股价崩盘风险企业中表现得更为明显。研究结论提供了外资股东对精准扶贫影响的经验证据,拓展了精准扶贫影响因素的研究视角。

“双碳”目标下企业碳排放权交易会计核算问题研究

随着全球气候变化问题的日益严峻和国家“双碳”目标的逐步推进,碳排放权交易作为通过碳定价策略解决企业相关碳排放问题、推动“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的有效市场化方式之一,明晰企业碳排放权交易会计核算状况显得十分重要。本文通过研究分析当前碳排放权交易会计核算的现状和存在的问题,同时在结合现行碳排放权交易市场准则的基础上,提出了一些关于解决碳排放权交易会计核算问题的建议。

资本管制的理论依据与实践选择

全球金融危机造成国际资本剧烈波动并严重影响各国经济,对新兴市场国家的影响尤为明显,引发对资本管制政策必要性的重新思考。而重大突发公共卫生事件暴发导致的新一轮资本流出给新兴市场国家带来的巨大冲击,以及中国不断推进的金融市场双向开放引起的对全球金融状况的敏感性逐步增加,都凸显出合理使用资本管制政策的重要意义。通过梳理近年来关于资本管制政策实施的理论基础、国际货币基金组织对待资本管制政策的态度、新兴市场国家资本账户管理的经验,以及中国资本账户开放实践等方面的文献,发现现有文献在资本管制政策的有效性上尚未达成共识,未来应从资本管制政策与其他宏观经济政策的配合使用、资本管制政策的溢出效应与国际经济政策协调等方面进一步开展研究。

力微任重:目标责任考核下的基层官员避责行为研究

研究基层官员避责行为的产生机理有助于完善我国官员激励机制,激发干部积极履职、敢于担当的意识。既有研究多集中于对危机情境中基层官员的避责行为进行探究,依托危机事件采取案例分析等质性研究方法,但忽视或未实证检验感知问责作为心理机制的中介作用。基于此,本文从目标责任考核这一日常治理情境出发,以计划行为理论和目标设置理论为基础,以基层官员为研究对象,发现目标设置合理性对避责行为存在显著的负向影响。其中,感知问责在目标合理性与避责行为之间存在中介作用;权责匹配在目标合理性与感知问责之间起正向调节作用,在感知问责与避责行为之间起负向调节作用。由此,本文建构了目标责任制下基层官员避责行为的解释性框架,认为基层官员避责行为实质上是在特定目标设置与资源匹配下基于心理感知的一种主动性调适,是对目标任务的一种消极反馈。该框架可能会对抑制和矫治基层官员避责行为具有一定启示意义。

“双碳”目标背景下工业企业的绿色技术创新效率研究

选取全国30个省份(除西藏)的2009—2018年面板数据,基于含松弛变量的SBM-SuperSBM模型计算出各省份绿色创新效率,根据结果将30个省市分为:绿色创新效率在0.95以上、绿色创新效率在0.6~0.95,绿色创新效率在0.6以下三类,并选择三类省份的代表省份进行具体分析,结果发现政府应在技术、资金等方面支持企业绿色技术创新,加大企业在绿色技术创新方面的投入,引进科技人才,在研发方面投入资金助力企业进行绿色技术创新。

澳大利亚环境经济核算发展路径及启示

环境经济核算是绿色发展理念下统筹考虑环境保护与经济发展的必然选择,能够为环境与经济综合决策提供有力支撑。文章重点从澳大利亚环境经济核算体系建设、国家战略及工作概况、应用领域等方面阐述和分析澳大利亚环境经济核算的进展和成效,并结合我国发展现状,提出要在试点基础上统筹部门合作,充分考虑国际公认的环境经济核算体系标准和可持续发展目标,促进国际合作,持续改进并逐步建立核算框架和运行机制等。

万金账名实考:以商书及账簿史料为中心

基于商书及账簿史料,考察论证晋商“万金账”的名实特点、源起、历史演变等。“万金账”是山西商人在数百年经营实践中创造和发展起来的一种极具特色的账簿。它具有一般会计账簿常见的外在形式,却表现出与普通账簿极不相同的内容表达及深刻意涵。该账簿源于明万历时期平阳、泽、潞商人“一人出本,众伙共而商之”的商业理念,一账到底贯穿始终,记录对商号生命存续具有重要意义的资料如合同、铺规、股俸构成及股权变更、利润分配、清单等,作为商业经营之基础及核心材料的聚集,是一种对商号整体经营和资本流转起根本性统御作用的特殊账簿。

资本账户开放对人民币国际化的非线性影响--基于金融市场发展视角

党的二十大报告提出,要“有序推进人民币国际化”。在此背景下,现选取人民币、美元、欧元、日元、英镑共五种国际货币1999年-2021年的相关数据,基于金融市场发展视角研究资本账户开放对人民币国际化的非线性影响。研究发现,当金融市场处于不同发展阶段时,资本账户开放会对人民币国际化产生非线性的双门槛效应。对此,本研究提出审慎放松资本账户管制,提升金融市场发展水平和健全金融市场风险防控机制等政策建议。