IZO films were deposited onto PET substrate at room temperature with the inclined opposite target type DC magnetron sputtering equipment,in which a sintered oxide IZO target(doped with 10% ZnO,packing density of 99.99...IZO films were deposited onto PET substrate at room temperature with the inclined opposite target type DC magnetron sputtering equipment,in which a sintered oxide IZO target(doped with 10% ZnO,packing density of 99.99%) was used.The effects of total sputtering pressure and film thickness on IZO films properties were studied.All the films produced at room temperature have a amorphous structure,irrespective of the total sputtering pressure and film thickness.A resistivity of the order of 10-4 Ωcm was obtained for IZO films deposited at lower pressure(film thickness of 190 nm).The resistivity of IZO films deposited at room temperature depends on film thickness and shows a minimum at a thickness of 530 nm.展开更多
2013年美国癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)完成了子宫内膜癌(endometrial carcinoma,EC)分子分型,将患者分为POLE(DNA polymerase epsilon)突变型、微卫星不稳定高突变(microsatellite instability-high,MSI-H)型、低拷...2013年美国癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)完成了子宫内膜癌(endometrial carcinoma,EC)分子分型,将患者分为POLE(DNA polymerase epsilon)突变型、微卫星不稳定高突变(microsatellite instability-high,MSI-H)型、低拷贝数(copy number low,CN-L)型和高拷贝数(copy number high,CN-H)型,后西方学者改良为更贴合临床应用的ProMisE及Trans-PORTEC分型。POLE突变型患者预后较好,复发率较低,可合理减少患者手术范围,术后降级治疗,当患者合并MSI-H或CN-H时仍归为POLE突变型;MSI-H型患者肿瘤突变负荷高,免疫治疗临床获益显著;CN-L型患者最常见,预后仅次于POLE突变型患者,该类患者为保留生育功能行激素治疗缓解率较高;CN-H型患者预后最差,肿瘤具有侵袭性特征及高复发风险,对于该类患者术后需积极补充治疗,避免治疗不足,此外靶向治疗对CN-H患者疗效较好。TCGA分子分型突破了子宫内膜癌传统病理组织学分型评估预后的局限性,为子宫内膜癌的病理特征、预后及临床诊疗决策提供了全新见解。展开更多
Targeted drug delivery to solid tumors is a very active research area, focusing mainly on improved drug formulation and associated best delivery methods/devices. Drug-targeting has the potential to greatly improve dru...Targeted drug delivery to solid tumors is a very active research area, focusing mainly on improved drug formulation and associated best delivery methods/devices. Drug-targeting has the potential to greatly improve drug-delivery efficacy, reduce side effects, and lower the treatment costs. However, the vast majority of drug-targeting studies assume that the drug-particles are already at the target site or at least in its direct vicinity. In this review, drug-delivery methodologies, drug types and drug-delivery devices are discussed with examples in two major application areas:(1) inhaled drug-aerosol delivery into human lung-airways; and(2) intravascular drug-delivery for solid tumor targeting. The major problem addressed is how to deliver efficiently the drug-particles from the entry/infusion point to the target site. So far, most experimental results are based on animal studies. Concerning pulmonary drug delivery, the focus is on the pros and cons of three inhaler types, i.e., pressurized metered dose inhaler, dry powder inhaler and nebulizer, in addition to drug-aerosol formulations. Computational fluid-particle dynamics techniques and the underlying methodology for a smart inhaler system are discussed as well.Concerning intravascular drug-delivery for solid tumor targeting, passive and active targeting are reviewed as well as direct drug-targeting, using optimal delivery of radioactive microspheres to liver tumors as an example. The review concludes with suggestions for future work, considereing both pulmonary drug targeting and direct drug delivery to solid tumors in the vascular system.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Education,Science Technology (MEST) and Korea Industrial Technology Foundation (KOTEF) through the Human Resource Training Project for Regional Innovation
文摘IZO films were deposited onto PET substrate at room temperature with the inclined opposite target type DC magnetron sputtering equipment,in which a sintered oxide IZO target(doped with 10% ZnO,packing density of 99.99%) was used.The effects of total sputtering pressure and film thickness on IZO films properties were studied.All the films produced at room temperature have a amorphous structure,irrespective of the total sputtering pressure and film thickness.A resistivity of the order of 10-4 Ωcm was obtained for IZO films deposited at lower pressure(film thickness of 190 nm).The resistivity of IZO films deposited at room temperature depends on film thickness and shows a minimum at a thickness of 530 nm.
文摘2013年美国癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)完成了子宫内膜癌(endometrial carcinoma,EC)分子分型,将患者分为POLE(DNA polymerase epsilon)突变型、微卫星不稳定高突变(microsatellite instability-high,MSI-H)型、低拷贝数(copy number low,CN-L)型和高拷贝数(copy number high,CN-H)型,后西方学者改良为更贴合临床应用的ProMisE及Trans-PORTEC分型。POLE突变型患者预后较好,复发率较低,可合理减少患者手术范围,术后降级治疗,当患者合并MSI-H或CN-H时仍归为POLE突变型;MSI-H型患者肿瘤突变负荷高,免疫治疗临床获益显著;CN-L型患者最常见,预后仅次于POLE突变型患者,该类患者为保留生育功能行激素治疗缓解率较高;CN-H型患者预后最差,肿瘤具有侵袭性特征及高复发风险,对于该类患者术后需积极补充治疗,避免治疗不足,此外靶向治疗对CN-H患者疗效较好。TCGA分子分型突破了子宫内膜癌传统病理组织学分型评估预后的局限性,为子宫内膜癌的病理特征、预后及临床诊疗决策提供了全新见解。
基金Supported by National Science Foundation,No.NSF-CBET 1232988 and ANSYS Inc.(Canonsburg,PA)
文摘Targeted drug delivery to solid tumors is a very active research area, focusing mainly on improved drug formulation and associated best delivery methods/devices. Drug-targeting has the potential to greatly improve drug-delivery efficacy, reduce side effects, and lower the treatment costs. However, the vast majority of drug-targeting studies assume that the drug-particles are already at the target site or at least in its direct vicinity. In this review, drug-delivery methodologies, drug types and drug-delivery devices are discussed with examples in two major application areas:(1) inhaled drug-aerosol delivery into human lung-airways; and(2) intravascular drug-delivery for solid tumor targeting. The major problem addressed is how to deliver efficiently the drug-particles from the entry/infusion point to the target site. So far, most experimental results are based on animal studies. Concerning pulmonary drug delivery, the focus is on the pros and cons of three inhaler types, i.e., pressurized metered dose inhaler, dry powder inhaler and nebulizer, in addition to drug-aerosol formulations. Computational fluid-particle dynamics techniques and the underlying methodology for a smart inhaler system are discussed as well.Concerning intravascular drug-delivery for solid tumor targeting, passive and active targeting are reviewed as well as direct drug-targeting, using optimal delivery of radioactive microspheres to liver tumors as an example. The review concludes with suggestions for future work, considereing both pulmonary drug targeting and direct drug delivery to solid tumors in the vascular system.
