The Porter Hypothesis,proposed by Michael E.Porter,suggests that stringent environmental regulations can enhance corporate innovation and competitiveness,challenging the traditional view that regulations increase busi...The Porter Hypothesis,proposed by Michael E.Porter,suggests that stringent environmental regulations can enhance corporate innovation and competitiveness,challenging the traditional view that regulations increase business costs.It argues that regulations motivate firms to innovate,leading to improved productivity,cost reductions,and new market opportunities.However,there are proponents and critics in academia regarding the hypothesis.Supporters claim regulations change corporate behavior,reducing agency costs and boosting research and development.Critics argue that if win-win situations exist,businesses would naturally pursue them without regulatory incentives.Key challenges in proving or refuting the hypothesis include its various versions,the difficulty in quantifying innovation and competitiveness,the complex interplay between regulation,innovation,and competitiveness,and the varying impacts across industries and regions.Additionally,the effects may require a long time to manifest,and the hypothesis’s applicability is influenced by evolving environmental policies and market environments.Despite mixed empirical findings,the Porter Hypothesis provides a valuable framework for understanding the relationships among environmental regulation,innovation,and competitiveness,but its validation requires a more comprehensive assessment.展开更多
In light of the rising evidence of the association between viral and bacterial infections and neurodegeneration,we aimed at revisiting the infectious hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease and analyzing the possible impli...In light of the rising evidence of the association between viral and bacterial infections and neurodegeneration,we aimed at revisiting the infectious hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease and analyzing the possible implications of COVID-19 neurological sequelae in long-term neurodegeneration.We wondered how SARS-CoV-2 could be related to the amyloid-βcascade and how it could lead to the pathological hallmarks of the disease.We also predict a paradigm change in clinical medicine,which now has a great opportunity to conduct prospective surveillance of cognitive sequelae and progression to dementia in people who suffered severe infections together with other risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
Soil liquefaction is one of the complex research topics in geotechnical engineering and engineering geology. Especially after the 1964 Niigata earthquake (Japan) induced many soil liquefaction incidents, a variety of ...Soil liquefaction is one of the complex research topics in geotechnical engineering and engineering geology. Especially after the 1964 Niigata earthquake (Japan) induced many soil liquefaction incidents, a variety of soil liquefaction studies were conducted and reported, including the liquefaction potential assessment methods utilizing the shear wave velocity (V<sub>s</sub>) or SPT-N profiles (SPT: standard penetration test). This study used the V<sub>s</sub> and SPT methods recommended by the National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (NCEER) to examine which is more conservative according to the assessment results on 41 liquefiable soil layers at sites in two major cities in Taiwan. Statistical hypothesis testing was used to make the analysis more quantitative and objective. Based on three sets of hypothesis tests, it shows that the hypothesis—the SPT method is more conservative than the V<sub>s</sub> method—was not rejected on a 5% level of significance.展开更多
文摘The Porter Hypothesis,proposed by Michael E.Porter,suggests that stringent environmental regulations can enhance corporate innovation and competitiveness,challenging the traditional view that regulations increase business costs.It argues that regulations motivate firms to innovate,leading to improved productivity,cost reductions,and new market opportunities.However,there are proponents and critics in academia regarding the hypothesis.Supporters claim regulations change corporate behavior,reducing agency costs and boosting research and development.Critics argue that if win-win situations exist,businesses would naturally pursue them without regulatory incentives.Key challenges in proving or refuting the hypothesis include its various versions,the difficulty in quantifying innovation and competitiveness,the complex interplay between regulation,innovation,and competitiveness,and the varying impacts across industries and regions.Additionally,the effects may require a long time to manifest,and the hypothesis’s applicability is influenced by evolving environmental policies and market environments.Despite mixed empirical findings,the Porter Hypothesis provides a valuable framework for understanding the relationships among environmental regulation,innovation,and competitiveness,but its validation requires a more comprehensive assessment.
基金国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于高压人群身心健康的工作环境绿色空间体系研究”(编号51978364)国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“北京地区城市森林疗养空间特征识别及健康效益定量评价”(编号51908310)Tsinghua-Toyota Joint Research Institute Cross discipline Program共同资助。
基金supported by grants to DD from Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación,el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación(ANPCyT,PICT N°03893).
文摘In light of the rising evidence of the association between viral and bacterial infections and neurodegeneration,we aimed at revisiting the infectious hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease and analyzing the possible implications of COVID-19 neurological sequelae in long-term neurodegeneration.We wondered how SARS-CoV-2 could be related to the amyloid-βcascade and how it could lead to the pathological hallmarks of the disease.We also predict a paradigm change in clinical medicine,which now has a great opportunity to conduct prospective surveillance of cognitive sequelae and progression to dementia in people who suffered severe infections together with other risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease.
文摘Soil liquefaction is one of the complex research topics in geotechnical engineering and engineering geology. Especially after the 1964 Niigata earthquake (Japan) induced many soil liquefaction incidents, a variety of soil liquefaction studies were conducted and reported, including the liquefaction potential assessment methods utilizing the shear wave velocity (V<sub>s</sub>) or SPT-N profiles (SPT: standard penetration test). This study used the V<sub>s</sub> and SPT methods recommended by the National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (NCEER) to examine which is more conservative according to the assessment results on 41 liquefiable soil layers at sites in two major cities in Taiwan. Statistical hypothesis testing was used to make the analysis more quantitative and objective. Based on three sets of hypothesis tests, it shows that the hypothesis—the SPT method is more conservative than the V<sub>s</sub> method—was not rejected on a 5% level of significance.
