Suitability evaluation of regional coastal ecotourism based on SOM neural network model: a case study of Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai and Rizhao of Shandong Province

Development of coastal ecotourism has been a,focus of Shandong government, and the suitability evaluation of regional eoastai ecotourism is crucial for the reasonable plan and sustainable development of Shandong coastal ecotourism. By using MATLAB language to establish a SOM neural network model, this＇ paper evaluates the eoastal ecotourism suitability of four regions, Qingdao. Yantai, Weihai and Rizhao of Shandong Province and divides 33 subordinate regions of those four cities into four categories, i.e. regions poorly suitable for ecotourism resources, regions highly suitable for coastal ecotourism, regions secondly suitable for coastal ecotourism, regions ordinarily suitable.for coastal ecotourism, Related suggestions on development of regional coastal ecotourism have been given in the final conclusions.

Study on Development of the West of Shandong Province Based on Overall Regional Development Planning Pattern

The overall regional development planning pattern has been considered to be a new and effective pattern as for development of provincial economy.The article analyzed the current conditions of the west of Shandong Province and tried to find the generation mechanisms of current non-balanced economic development of Shandong Province.And then approaches to regional development were put forward according to the theory of regional development pattern as a whole.

Preliminary Research on Biological Characteristics of Scopula subpunctaria in Shandong Tea Region

[Objectives]The paper was to observe the life history and living habits of Scopula subpunctaria in Shandong tea region.[Methods]The occurrence period and duration of each insect state,as well as duration of each instar larvae in various generations were investigated and statistically analyzed.[Results]There were 6 generations of S.subpunctaria per year in Shandong tea region.Different from southern tea region,S.subpunctaria survived the winter as pupae and larvae in tea trees in Shandong,and the duration of overwintering eggs was greatly affected by temperature.The generations of S.subpunctaria overlapped seriously.[Conclusions]The results provide a basis for the comprehensive treatment of S.subpunctaria in Shandong tea region.

Spatial Agglomeration and Diffusion of Population Based on a Regional Density Function Approach:A Case Study of Shandong Province in China

Population density functions have long been used to describe the spatial structure of regional population distributions.Several studies have been conducted to examine the population distribution in Shandong Province,China,but few have applied regional density functions to the analysis.Therefore,based on the 2000,2010,and 2020 population censuses,this study used monocentric and polycentric regional density functions to study the characteristics of population agglomeration and diffusion in Shandong.This is followed by an in-depth discussion based on population growth rate data and hot-and cold-spot analyses.The results showed that the Shandong Province population was spatially unevenly distributed.Population growth rates were higher in urban centers and counties,with more significant changes in population size in the eastern coastal areas than in the inland areas.As verified in this study,the logarithmic form of the single-center regional density function R2 was greater than 0.8,which was in line with the population spatial structure of Shandong Province.During the study period,the estimated population density of the regional center and the absolute value of the regional population density gradient both increased,indicating a clear and increasing trend of centripetal agglomeration of regional centers over the study period.Overall,the R2 value of the multicenter region density function was higher than that of the single-center region density function.The polycentric regional density function showed that the population density gradient of some centers had a downward trend,which reflected the spatial development trend of outward diffusion in these centers.Meanwhile,the variation in the estimated population density and the population density gradient exhibited differences in the central population distribution patterns at different levels.

Late Carboniferous-Early Permian Volcanic Event Deposits and Stratigraphic Correlation in Shandong Province and Its Adjacent Regions

Deposits of 10 volcanic events of 6 stages have been discovered by the authors after detailed field and lab studies of the Benxi and Taiyuan Formations in Shandong Province and its adjacent regions. They show certain temporal-spatial distribution characteristics. Volcanic fragments were probably derived from two different volcanic sources north and south of the North China Platform, while the magma of the two volcanic sources was probably derived from the lower crust. A new stratigraphic correlation scheme is put forward for the Benxi and Taiyuan Formations in this region on the basis of previous biostratigraphic work with the regionally widespread volcanic event layers as the marker bed for the isochronous stratigraphic correlation on a super-regional scale and in conjunction with the maximum transgressive event layers.

ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES AND WATERENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE CONTIGUOUSREGION OF JIANGSU,SHANGDONG,HENANAND ANHUI PROVINCES

Owing to intensive human activities and the floods of the Huaihe River in historic peiod, the contiguous region of Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Anhui provinces is suffering from a variety of environmental problems and naturaldisasters, of which water pollution and drought-flood disasters are most observable. Considering the special location andenvironmental status of the contiguous region, advices are proposed in the paper: perfecting trans-regional managementssystem of water environment incorporating basin management agencies in local government activities; strengthening cooperation of two agencies: water conservancy agency and environment protection agency; enhancing integrated control ofwater pollution and flood-drought disasters; taking the interests of the whole river into acount and paying attention to bothstorage and drainage; broadening sources of water supply and inceasing water delivery; controlling pollutant discharge,developing water saving production system.

Reconstructing Spatial Distribution of Historical Cropland in China′s Traditional Cultivated Region: Methods and Case Study

As an important part of land use/cover change(LUCC), historical LUCC in long time series attracts much more attention from scholars. Currently, based on the view of combining the overall control of cropland area and ′top-down′ decision-making behaviors, here are two global historical land-use datasets, generally referred as the Sustainability and the Global Environment datasets(SAGE datasets) and History Database of the Global Environment datasets(HYDE datasets). However, at the regional level, these global datasets have coarse resolutions and inevitable errors. Considering various factors that influenced cropland distribution, including cropland connectivity and the limitation of natural and human factors, this study developed a reconstruction model of historical cropland based on constrained Cellular Automaton(CA) of ′bottom-up′. Then, an available labor force index is used as a proxy for the amount of cropland to inspect and calibrate these spatial patterns. Applied the reconstruction model to Shandong Province, we reconstructed its spatial distribution of cropland during 8 periods. The reconstructed results show that: 1) it is properly suitable for constrained CA to simulate and reconstruct the spatial distribution of cropland in traditional cultivated region of China; 2) compared with ′SAGE datasets′ and ′HYDE datasets′, this study have formed higher-resolution Boolean spatial distribution datasets of historical cropland with a more definitive concept of spatial pattern in terms of fractional format.

Influencing Factors on Farming System Development in Shandong Province

The developmental situation of the farming system in Shandong Province is introduced.At present,Shandong Province is at the semi-intensive,semi-commercial and semi-sufficiency level of farming system.Eastern coast and central Shandong agricultural zones are moving in the direction of modern farming system,having formed a preliminary new pattern of the coordinated development of grain,feedstuff,economic and other crops.Influencing factors on the development of farming system in Shandong Province is analyzed,which are agricultural production condition and input level,population and food,policy measures,development of natural resources and regions,agricultural industrialization and urbanization level,and scientific and technological level.Total population will be within 100 million at the year 2020;per capita annual share of grain will be 475 kilograms;and there is great pressure on grain production.Therefore,we must change the pattern of agricultural development and accelerate the establishment of modern farming system.Agricultural machinery,water conservancy projects,and chemical fertilizer application have greatly affected the development of farming system.Improvement of production conditions has promoted the adjustment of agricultural structure,increased the planting ratio of winter wheat-summer maize,and improved multiple-cropping index.Development of agricultural industrialization has promoted the transfer of rural labor force and the establishment of modern farming system;while the unbalanced development of cities has restricted the establishment of modern farming system.Therefore,the appropriate policy,scientific and rational regional distribution,and advanced science and technology can help to set up the modern farming system in Shandong Province.

Characteristics of mantle branch structure in western Shandong and its roles in minerogenesis and ore-controlling

This work deals with the characteristics of mantle branch structure in western Shandong Province, China, with respect to the distribution characteristics and ages of the regional strata, the development of ring-like and radial faults, the development of gently inclined detachment-slip structures in the axial part, mantle-source magmatic activities, regional petrology, petrochemistry and isotope geology. The study indicated that the N-W sharply plunged ductile shear zone in the region of western Shandong cuts through the mantle rocks detached from the deep-seated North China mantle sub-plume, hence leading to unloading in response to depressurization and thereafter the formation of anatexis magma. The intense and complete magmatic evolution series not only manifests a variation trend of alkalinity of magma from high to low and its intrusive depth from deep to shallow, but also reflects that the wall-rock alteration shows a general evolution trend from strong to weak. The evolution of mantle structure played an important role in controlling endo-mineralogenesis, accompanied with the rise of the country rocks. As a result, typical mantle branch structures were formed as observed in western Shandong. At the top of the mantle branch structure was developed an obvious detachment-tilt fault block, and some endogenic ores, at the same time, were uplifted onto the shallow levels.

基于REOF分析的山东省年降水区域特征及趋势分析

[目的]探究山东省不同气候分区年降水量的时空特征,为该地区气候分析、防灾减灾提供更加区域性的参考依据。[方法]根据山东省95个国家地面气象观测站1991—2020年降水年值数据,首先对山东省年降水场进行气候分区,然后通过相关统计方法分析各分区降水的时空变化特征。[结果](1)山东省各降水模态降水偏少的年份更多,降水偏多的年份降水强度更大,年代际变化均较为明显,但各模态降水偏多偏少的年份分布及强度变化有所不同。(2)山东省年降水量大致由东南向西北递减,年降水场划分为东南沿海区(Ⅰ区)、西北平原区(Ⅱ区)和中部山地区(Ⅲ区)3个区域,各降水分区年降水均呈不显著增加趋势,趋势率各不相同,突变均不明显。(3)山东省各降水分区年降水量均具有较为明显的周期性特征,东南沿海区年降水场存在2个较为明显的能量中心,中心尺度均为2~3 a,未来变化具有强持续性;西北平原区年降水场存在3个较为明显的能量中心,中心尺度分别为5~7 a, 3 a和2~3 a,未来变化具有持续性;中部山地区年降水场存在2个较为明显的能量中心,中心尺度分别为2~3 a, 6 a,未来变化具有强持续性。[结论]山东省降水偏少的年份更多,降水偏多的年份降水强度更大,年降水场大致可分为3个分区,各分区年降水量均呈不显著增加趋势,均具有较为明显的周期性特征,且未来变化均具有持续性。

山东企业OFDI的区域差异及其影响因素分析

不同地区企业对外直接投资行为的差异有诸多原因。首先按照OFDI流量和经济发展水平将山东省十七地市分成发达和欠发达两大区域,基于2006—2015年这十七地市对外直接投资的面板数据,利用泰尔指数衡量山东省OFDI区域间差异和区域内差异的程度以及各自的贡献率,再对各区域OFDI的影响因素进行实证研究。结果表明:经济发展水平和金融发展水平对山东省企业OFDI有促进作用;工业化程度和研发水平对发达区域影响显著,而对欠发达区域影响均不显著;文化发展水平对发达区域影响不显著,而对欠发达区域影响显著;外商直接投资对这两型区域对外直接投资的影响均不显著。最后,对山东省各区域OFDI的影响因素进行总结并为其发展提出相关建议。

山东省大豆生产地域格局变化及影响因素分析

为给山东省大豆生产的可持续发展提供科学决策依据,本研究运用数理统计和区域比较优势测算方法,分析了山东省大豆生产地域格局的变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明:山东省大豆播种面积从1949年的191.54万hm^(2)下降到2022年的21.496万hm^(2),降幅达88.78%,自2000年以来,降幅为53.09%;大豆总产量从1949年的93.4万t下降到2022年的58.10万t,降幅为37.79%,自2000年以来,降幅为44.43%;山东省大豆单产水平明显高于全国平均水平,1978—2022年,单产增幅为163.01%,高出全国76.06%。山东大豆种植区域,由主要分布在除了滨州的沿海地市及菏泽、枣庄和临沂、济宁等地市,向鲁中地区转移,主要原因是耕地面积的减少、大豆生产的人工成本较高、净利润为负值且低于同期作物。山东省在具有生产大豆的优势背景下,也存在大豆种植收益比较低、产品竞争力弱、单产水平提高难度加大等挑战,文中最后提出了山东省发展大豆产业的对策建议。

太行林蛙地理分布厘定

太行林蛙Rana taihangensis目前已知分布在河南、河北、北京和辽宁等地。根据采自宁夏固原和山东青岛的标本,报道宁夏回族自治区和山东省太行林蛙新分布记录。根据采集自内蒙古通辽和辽宁阜新的太行林蛙标本对其进行形态学补充描述。基于不同地区蛙属Rana标本线粒体cyt b基因的分子系统发育分析结果显示,山西省和陕西省为此前尚未记录的太行林蛙分布区。由此可将太行林蛙在中国的分布范围增加4个省(自治区),目前太行林蛙的分布范围则包括河南省、河北省、北京市、天津市、辽宁省、山东省、山西省、陕西省、宁夏回族自治区和内蒙古自治区。

山东省“南茶北引”研究述评

20世纪50年代以来,山东省开展的“南茶北引”活动一定程度上改变了我国北方地区长期缺乏规模化茶树种植及茶叶生产的局面,具有一定的历史意义。因此,学界针对山东省“南茶北引”的历史进行了一系列研究与讨论。在此基础上,部分学者为当下山东省茶产业的发展提供了建议。此外,20世纪70年代学界曾对“南茶北引”等作物引种活动进行了学理层面的重新审视。总结分析既往研究,可以发现对山东省“南茶北引”这一议题需充分利用档案文献,从基本史实的考证与研究视角的拓展两方面作进一步深入探析。

山东省交通运输-区域经济-生态环境耦合协调时空演变研究

为了研究山东省交通运输、区域经济和生态环境3个子系统发展水平及其耦合协调发展状态时空分异特征,基于2011—2020年山东省交通运输、区域经济和生态环境的面板数据,运用熵值法、耦合协调度模型和核密度估计方法,研究山东省交通运输-区域经济-生态环境的耦合协调度的时空分异特征及其演化规律。结果表明:山东省交通运输、区域经济、生态环境系统的耦合协调度处于稳步上升趋势,生态环境的综合评价水平始终领先于交通运输综合发展水平和区域经济综合发展水平;全省各地市的交通运输、区域经济以及生态环境发展不均衡,在空间上形成双核心和“中心-外围”空间分布特征,青岛、济南在交通运输-区域经济-生态环境系统的耦合协调度上一直保持高位,其他城市耦合协调度发展水平呈现逐渐上升的趋势;全省耦合协调度高低分布格局较为稳定,虽然各地市发展存在分级,但地区发展差异有减小的趋势。

山东省数字乡村发展水平时空演变特征、区域差异与障碍因素研究

选取山东省五大区域16个地级市作为研究区域,从数字乡村基础设施、数字乡村发展环境、乡村数字化应用和农业数字化生产4个维度构建评价指标体系。运用熵权-TOPSIS法、Kernel密度估计法、Dagum基尼系数和障碍度模型,分别对山东省数字乡村发展水平、时空演变特征、区域差异以及影响因素进行分析。结果表明,2015—2021年山东省数字乡村发展水平呈逐步提升的态势,但鲁东、鲁西南地区出现极化现象。山东省及鲁东、鲁中、鲁西南地区的基尼系数呈上升趋势,总体差距主要源于区域间差异,超变密度贡献率逐渐减少。考察期内,农村电商基地数量、电子商务采购额和销售额、邮电业务总量以及地方财政科技支出成为阻碍山东省数字乡村发展的主要因素。因此,应着力改善区域间发展失衡问题,从优化数字乡村发展环境、推动乡村数字化应用发展以及加强区域间合作等方面促进山东省数字乡村高水平均衡发展。

晋冀鲁豫边区刑事司法审查制度的理性与经验

晋冀鲁豫边区是我党按照“三三制原则”建立的第一个边区政府,在刑事司法方面进行了积极探索,这不仅是中国式司法现代化的开端,也为我国刑事司法的发展积累了丰富的经验。通过梳理晋冀鲁豫边区刑事诉讼中的司法审查的制度规范并分析个案,发现该制度蕴含着保障当事人权利、实现公权力制约的价值追求。在当前中国式司法现代化背景下,晋冀鲁豫边区司法审查制度对于明确强制侦查行为的司法权归属、优化检察机关职权配置、完善司法审查的本土化机制构建具有重要的借鉴价值。

山东省粮食生产能力区域差异及障碍因子分析

分析山东省粮食生产能力的区域差异和障碍因子,有利于更好地保证粮食安全,有助于提高粮食生产能力。从生产条件水平、产出水平、农业机械化水平和农用资料投入水平4个方面选取了12个指标构建山东省粮食生产能力指标体系。基于2011—2021年山东省统计数据,运用熵值法、基尼系数、障碍度模型分析山东省粮食生产能力的发展状况及各市发展水平的差异,探讨影响山东省粮食生产能力发展的障碍因子。结果表明,2011—2021年山东省粮食生产能力水平综合得分从0.0751上升到0.1138。鲁南地区相比鲁东、鲁中和鲁北地区的区域差异较小;农业机械化水平的障碍度逐年减少,农用生产资料投入水平的障碍度逐年增加,不同区域制约粮食生产能力的主要障碍因子有所不同。为此,提高种子质量、科学制定粮食生产方案、加强农业基础设施建设、保证农业有效灌溉面积、加快农业科技创新及鼓励依靠科学技术提高作物产量等可有效提高粮食生产能力。

基于MaxEnt模型的福建福鼎白茶种植适宜性区划

【目的】探明福鼎白茶的种植适宜区域,为福建省福鼎白茶的种植规划布局提供科学依据。【方法】应用福鼎白茶地理分布数据与气象资料(热量、光照和水分条件),采用MaxEnt模型研究影响福鼎白茶在福建分布的关键气象因子,并对其潜在分布进行适宜性区划。【结果】MaxEnt模型适用于福鼎白茶种植分布模拟,影响福鼎白茶种植分布的关键气象因子为3月平均气温、最冷月平均气温、≥10℃活动积温、多年平均极端最低气温和年降水量。福鼎白茶在福建的种植分布对生长关键期气温最敏感。福建适宜种植区域关键气象条件为3月平均气温低于15.0℃,最冷月平均气温10.7~11.9℃。福鼎白茶在福建的适宜区分布于24.76°~28.27°N、116.16°~120.45°E。【结论】福鼎白茶适宜及高适宜区域主要分布在宁德市各县(市)、南平市西部和中部、福州市东部和北部,约占全省面积的16.41%;次适宜区域主要分布在南平和三明市大部、福州市南部及莆田、泉州和龙岩市的北部地区,约占全省面积的46.00%。