Strategies for Fostering Interaction in Online Classrooms:A Conversation Analysis of Teacher-Student Verbal Interaction in Random Questioning in Pandemic-Initiated Online Teaching

This paper aims to explore how a veteran teacher organizes online teaching initiated by the pandemic and how she deals with the problems in online teacher-student verbal interaction.By analyzing a corpus of 20 audio-recorded online lessons between a math teacher and her students during the COVID-19 pandemic from April 11 to May 10,2022,four interactional segments are selected as the focus of the study.The results of the conversation analysis of the segments showed that students’modesty,lack of confidence,lack of ability,and network delay are the main factors affecting online teacher-student interaction.By encouraging students to answer questions,enlightening students to give answers,enriching students’answers,and entertaining the teaching atmosphere(“4Es”strategies),the teacher solved the problems successfully.The findings from this study can provide pedagogical experience and implications for practical teaching.

Numerical investigation of the effects of soil-structure and granular material-structure interaction on the seismic response of a flat-bottom reinforced concrete silo

In this work,a numerical study of the effects of soil-structure interaction(SSI)and granular material-structure interaction(GSI)on the nonlinear response and seismic capacity of flat-bottomed storage silos is conducted.A series of incremental dynamic analyses(IDA)are performed on a case of large reinforced concrete silo using 10 seismic recordings.The IDA results are given by two average IDA capacity curves,which are represented,as well as the seismic capacity of the studied structure,with and without a consideration of the SSI while accounting for the effect of GSI.These curves are used to quantify and evaluate the damage of the studied silo by utilizing two damage indices,one based on dissipated energy and the other on displacement and dissipated energy.The cumulative energy dissipation curves obtained by the average IDA capacity curves with and without SSI are presented as a function of the base shear,and these curves allow one to obtain the two critical points and the different limit states of the structure.It is observed that the SSI and GSI significantly influence the seismic response and capacity of the studied structure,particularly at higher levels of PGA.Moreover,the effect of the SSI reduces the damage index of the studied structure by 4%.

A Case Study of Computer-based Teacher-Student Interaction outside Class

This case study examines the interaction through emails between a professor and one of his third-year students outside of the classroom to explore the problems in the teacher-student interaction.It shows that confronted with difficulties,the student turns directly to her teacher,yet failing to make her specific difficulties known,and the teacher spares no pains to exemplify the doing of assignments,yet knowing little about his student’s knowings and unknowings.At the end of the article are some enlightenments:seeking help after self-attempting and helping after knowing.

An Action Research Report on Teacher-Student Interaction in EFL Class

This essay is an action research report, focusing on the analysis of a common problem in EFL teaching---passive class. By analyzing the data collected in an EFL class, the author testifies the hypotheses, reflects on some possible reasons for the passive class and proposes suggestions to improve the teacher-student interaction.

Enthalpies Estimation of Formation of Monosubstituted Alkanes by Interaction Potential Index

The interaction potential index IPI（X） of 16 Br, C1, I, NO2, CN, CHO, COOH, CH3, CH： kinds of substituents X （X---OH, SH, NH2, ：CH2, C-CH, Ph, COCH3, COOCH3） were proposed, which are derived from the experimental enthalpies of formation △fHФ （g） values of monosubstituted straight-chain alkanes. Based on the IPI（X） and polarizability effect index, a simple and effective model was constructed to estimate the △fHФ （g） values of monosubstituted alkanes RX （including the branched derivatives）. The present model takes into account not only the contributions of the alkyl R and the substituent X, but also the contribution of the interaction between R and X. Its stability and prediction ability was confirmed by the results of leave-one-out method. Compared with previous reported studies, the obtained equation can be used to estimate enthalpies of formation for much more kinds of monosubstituted alkanes with less parameters. Thus, it is recommended for the calculation of the △fHФ（g） for the RX.

The Impact of Lipid-metabolizing Genetic Polymorphisms on Body Mass Index and Their Interactions with Soybean Food Intake: A Study in a Chinese Population

Objective To evaluate the association of known polymorphisms in the lipid metabolic pathway with body mass index （BMI）, and estimate their interactions with soybean food intake. Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in a Chinese Han population. BMI, soybean food intake, and single nucleotide polymorphisms of rs599839, rs3846662, rs3846663, rs12916, rs174547, rs174570, rs4938303, and rs1558861 were measured in 944 subjects. A multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association of the studied polymorphisms with BMIs. The expectation-maximization algorithm was employed to evaluate the extent of linkage disequilibrium between pairwise polymorphisms. The gene-environment interaction was assessed in the general multifactor dimensionality reduction model. Results The polymorphisms of rs3846662 and rs3846663 were associated with 10% highest BMIs when comparing to the 10% lowest values both in individuals and haplotype-based association tests. Although no statistically significant gene-environment interactions were found, people with the haplotype composed of C allele in rs3846662 and T allele in rs3846663 and low frequency of soybean intake had significantly hisher risk to overweight and obesity as compared with those with the haplotype consisting of T allele in rs3846662 and C allele in rs3846663 and highly frequent soybean food intake, with an odds ratio of 1.64 （95% confidence interval： 1.15-2.34, P〈0.01） after adjusting for the common confounders. Conclusion Our study has sugsested that rs3846662 and rs3846663 may be the potential candidate polymorphisms for obesity, and their effect on the pathogenesis could be mediated by the frequency of soybean food intake.

Estimating the properties of weathered bedrock and pile-rock interaction from the geological strength index

The effect of variable rock mass properties on pile-rock interaction poses a great challenge to the design of stabilizing piles and numerical analysis of pile-rock interaction. The paper presents a novel method to estimate the properties of weathered bedrock, which can be applied to routine design of landslide-stabilizing piles for collivial landslides. The Ercengyan landslide located in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China, is the area of interest for this study. A geological investigation and triaxial tests were conducted to estimate the basic parameters, including Geological Strength Index(GSI), uniaxial compressive strength σ_(ci) and Hoek-Brown constant m_i of intact bedrock in the study area. Hoek-Brown criterion was used to estimate mechanical properties of the weathered rock, including elastic modulus E_m, cohesion c, friction angle Φ, and normal ultimate lateral resistance p_(max). A parametric study was performed to evaluate the effect of parameterizations of GSI, σ_(ci) and m_i on the bedrock properties and p-y curves. The estimated rock mass properties were used with PLAXIS 2D software to simulate pile-rock interaction. Effect of GSI on stress at the pile-rock interface and in the rock, pile bending moment, pile shear force, and p-y curve were analysed.

A new monitoring index for ecological vulnerability and its application in the Yellow River Basin,China from 2000 to 2022

The ecological environment of the Yellow River Basin has become more fragile under the combined action of natural and manmade activities.However,the change mechanisms of ecological vulnerability in different sub-regions and periods vary,and the reasons for this variability are yet to be explained.Thus,in this study,we proposed a new remote sensing ecological vulnerability index by considering moisture,heat,greenness,dryness,land degradation,and social economy indicators and then analyzed and disclosed the spatial and temporal change patterns of ecological vulnerability of the Yellow River Basin,China from 2000 to 2022 and its driving mechanisms.The results showed that the newly proposed remote sensing ecological vulnerability index had a high accuracy,at 86.36%,which indicated a higher applicability in the Yellow River Basin.From 2000 to 2022,the average remote sensing ecological vulnerability index of the Yellow River Basin was 1.03,denoting moderate vulnerability level.The intensive vulnerability area was the most widely distributed,which was mostly located in the northern part of Shaanxi Province and the eastern part of Shanxi Province.From 2000 to 2022,the ecological vulnerability in the Yellow showed an overall stable trend,while that of the central and eastern regions showed an obvious trend of improvement.The gravity center of ecological vulnerability migrated southwest,indicating that the aggravation of ecological vulnerability in the southwestern regions was more severe than in the northeastern regions of the basin.The dominant single factor of changes in ecological vulnerability shifted from normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)to temperature from 2000 to 2022,and the interaction factors shifted from temperature∩NDVI to temperature∩precipitation,which indicated that the global climate change exerted a more significant impact on regional ecosystems.The above results could provide decision support for the ecological protection and restoration of the Yellow River Basin.

Information Transfer Index-A Promising Measure of the Corticomusclar Interaction

It is generally believed that a major cause of motor dysfunction is the impairment in neural network that controls movement. But little is known about the underlying mechanisms of the impairment in cortical control or in the neural connections between cortex and muscle that lead to the loss of motor ability. So understanding the functional connection between motor cortex and effector muscle is of utmost importance. Previous study mostly relied on cross-correlation, coherence functions or model based approaches such as Granger causality or dynamic causal modeling. In this work the information transfer index (ITI) was introduced to describe the information flows between motor cortex and muscle. Based on the information entropy the ITI can detect both linear and nonlinear interaction between two signals and thus represent a very comprehensive way to define the causality strength. The applicability of ITI is investigated based on simulations and electroencephalogram (EEG), surface electromyography (sEMG) recordings in a simple motor task.

An Analysis on Teacher-student Role Changing in Interactive Teaching Mode

Teachers and students play important roles in teaching activity,and they are the most essential parts of the system.The relationship between teachers and students,the core schooling interpersonal relationship,directly determines whether the teach ing activities can go smoothly or not,and is an important index to measure the quality of teachers and students'school life,and also is an important factor that affects the social function of education.For a long time,relationship between teachers and students has been a hot topic in education and in different sectors of the society.This dissertation aims at discussing the teacher-student role changing in interactive teaching mode to provide reference for building a harmonious relationship between teachers and stu dents.

Interaction of genotype and environment effects on important traits of cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz)

General and specific environmental adaptation of genotypes is the main goal of breeders.However, genotype-by-environment(G x E) interaction complicates the identification of genotypes for release. This study aimed at analyzing the effects of G x E interaction on the expression of important cassava traits using two multivariate analyses: additive main effects and multiplicative interaction(AMMI) and genotype stability index(GSI). Total carotene content(TCC), postharvest physiological deterioration(PPD), and reaction to viral diseases were significantly affected by G x E interaction effects. The low percent(%)variation due to genotype for cassava brown streak disease(GBSD) explained the influence of environment on CBSD expression. The % variation due to genotype for TCC was higher(96%) than variation due to environment(1.7%) and G x E interaction(2.4%) indicating a low interaction effect of environment on TCC accumulation. The % variation due to genotype was higher than % variation due to environment for all traits but CBSD root necrosis and CBSD on stems, indicating the influence of environment on the severity of the viral diseases. These findings indicate that screening for disease resistance requires multi-environment trials, whereas a single-environment trial suffices to screen for total carotene content.

Evaluation Indices of Interaction Ability of Asphalt and Aggregate Based on Rheological Characteristics

In order to find a parameter as the evaluation index that can capture the effect of the interaction between asphalt and aggregate, the rheological properties of asphalt mastics using two kinds of asphalts and four kinds of aggregates under different filler-asphalt ratios were measured by a dynamic shear rheometer （DSR）. Moreover, four rheological parameters of K.Ziegel-B, Luis Ibrarra-A, complex shear modulus ΔG＊and complex viscosity Δη＊ for evaluating the interaction ability were studied. Results indicate that all the four parameters can characterize the interaction ability of asphalt and aggregate correctly and feasibly. Through the comparison of sensitivities and physical meanings of the four parameters, K.Ziegel-B with high sensitivity and exact physical meaning is finally selected as the evaluation index for interaction ability of asphalt and aggregate.

Physical Properties of [AMIM] Cl with Different Organic Solvents to Account for Underlying Interactions

In order to understand the interactions of the mixtures of ionic liquids with different organic solvents,density,conductivity and refractive index have been investigated for binary mixtures of 1-allyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride( [AMIM]Cl) with acetonitrile,ethanol,and dimethyl sulfoxide( DMSO) at 298. 15 K. Density and refractive index were found to increase with increasing [AMIM]Cl concentration. Conductivity was found to increase initially by the addition of [AMIM]Cl. However,as the amount of [AMIM]Cl increases,a gradual decrease in conductivity of the mixtures has been observed. The resultant properties were caused by subsequent ion-ion and / or ion-solvent interactions depending on the extent of polarity,dielectric constants and miscibility of organic solvents being used.

An Empirical Study on Interaction in EFL Classrooms in Middle Schools in Western Areas of China

Interaction in EFL （English as a foreign language） classrooms has received much attention in recent years However, little research exists that has investigated interaction in Chinese EFL classrooms. To bridge this gap, the current research investigates interaction in EFL classrooms in middle schools in China in terms of： （1） the amount of teacher talk and interaction; （2） the type of teacher questions and teacher feedbacks; and （3） the amount and forms of meaning negotiation. The data set include observation records and observation reports of 140 naturally occurring lessons in middle schools in China. The findings reveal that there is not much interaction in EFL lessons in middle schools in western areas of China, which is shown by class time dominated by TTT （teacher talking time）, teacher questions and feedbacks that do not encourage students＇ responses and very little negotiation of meaning Possible causes are analyzed, and implications of this research for EFL teaching in China, teacher development and further research are also discussed

多馈入直流换相失败与同步电网交互影响机理研究评述

换相失败场景下交直流交互影响机理是多馈入直流系统安全稳定控制决策前提。从直流换相失败分类及机理、换相失败影响因素、换相失败评价指标及风险评估4个方面梳理了换相失败与同步电网交互影响机理研究现状,并从直-交、交-直两个角度分析了交直流电网的交互影响,最后介绍了基于受扰轨迹知识提取的交直流系统量化分析方法及应用现状,实例分析单直流换相安全评估方法推广至多直流连续换相失败的可行性,指出基于关断角受扰轨迹提取的量化分析方法能实现多馈入直流换相安全量化评估和换相安全性与系统稳定性的交互影响分析,后续应该理论分析多馈入直流换相失败场景下电压和频率跌落可接受性量化评估的适应性,在多维量化指标空间内,深入探讨同步电网多时间尺度复杂动态响应对多馈入直流换相安全的影响规律,揭示多馈入直流换相失败与同步电网动态响应相互作用机理。

TyG指数、血压、血糖相关指标与单纯性超重/肥胖患者早期肾功能损伤的关系

目的:探讨TyG指数、血压、血糖相关指标与单纯性超重/肥胖患者早期肾功能损伤(ERFI)的关系及交互作用。方法:选取2017年1月至2021年12月于郑州大学第一附属医院体检的BMI≥24 kg/m 2者3956例为研究对象,按尿白蛋白与肌酐比值(UACR)分组,<3 mg/mmol为对照组(n=3844),3~≤30 mg/mmol为ERFI组(n=112)。采用Logistic回归分析甘油三酯葡萄糖(TyG)指数、血压和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)与ERFI的关联,并进一步分析各因素的交互作用。结果:ERFI组的BMI、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、空腹血糖(FPG)、HbA1c、总胆固醇(TG)、TyG指数高于对照组,HDL-C低于对照组(P<0.05)。TyG指数>8.77(OR=2.138,95%CI:1.411~3.240)、正常血压高值(OR=2.450,95%CI:1.652~3.635)和HbA1c 5.61%~<7.00%(OR=1.510,95%CI:1.024~2.226)是单纯性超重/肥胖患者ERFI的危险因素。TyG指数与血压有交互作用(RERI=1.754,95%CI:-0.126~3.636;APAB=0.405,95%CI:0.068~0.741)。结论:TyG指数≥8.77、正常血压高值和HbA1c 5.61%~<7.00%可增加单纯性超重/肥胖患者ERFI的患病风险,且血压与TyG指数存在交互作用。

北京市滨水空间环境品质提升的潜力分析探索

城市滨水空间的综合治理工作越来越表现出持续性、系统性、复杂性的特点,行业对滨水空间治理提升的重点以及建设时序的把握仍存在偏差。本文以北京市中心城重要河道为例,首先甄别滨水空间环境品质核心评价指标,运用时空大数据并结合GIS空间分析方法,对滨水空间现状情况进行定量化的全要素评价。短板指标统计发现,新时期河道及滨水空间品质提升的主要关注焦点为交通可达性的提升、人文及配套服务设施的完善、绿地开放空间的营造等。其次调研剖析滨水空间环境品质优劣的内驱动力,提出了多维度、多层次、全要素的城市滨水空间潜力分析指标体系,构建了“供给-需求”耦合互动模型,建立了城市滨水空间潜力分析研究方法。通过供需匹配分析发现并非高需求河道都得到了相应的治理,另外也存在治理超前或者过度治理的情况。最后,基于滨水空间潜力分析评价结果和两岸土地资源,制定了“三级-两类”治理行动方案,突出规划引领作用,注重滨水空间提升改造与城市片区整体的发展建设和需求的匹配,形成良性互动的机制。

深度报道中河南形象的立场表达——以转述语为对象

立场研究历经对言/作者主体性、交互主体性和话语主体性的关注,凝练了立场主体、立场客体和立场表达三个要素。以这三个要素为主要节点,可以建构包括主体定位、交互程度和索引指向为一级指标的系统,用以描述西方网络媒介涉豫深度报道中以转述语为载体的立场表达。这些报道主要依靠以公众为主体的转述语来确定自己的身份认同,使用占据绝对优势的扩展类非叙实转述词语来获取读者的承认,征用大量的描述性报道句来实现对涉豫事实的话语性改造。与河南形象相关的呈现、认同和承认都是在事实的基础上以话语为依归而动态交互的。

PIWI蛋白相互作用RNA-47851在胃腺癌中的表达及其对增殖的影响

目的探讨PIWI蛋白相互作用RNA-47851(piR-47851)在胃腺癌中的表达、临床病理意义及其对增殖的影响。方法通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检查79例胃腺癌组织中piR-47851的表达情况,分析piR-47851的表达水平与临床特征和生存预后的关系。通过细胞增殖实验观察piR-47851对胃癌细胞增殖活性的影响。应用信息学网站预测piR-47851的下游靶基因。建立MAPK1基因3′非翻译区(UTR)的野生型和突变型质粒,应用双荧光素酶报告系统验证piR-47851与MAPK1基因3′UTR结合从而抑制MAPK1蛋白合成。应用Rescue实验确认piR-47851对MAPK1直接调控作用,并探讨piR-47851/MAPK1对胃癌细胞增殖的影响。通过实验性裸鼠皮下荷瘤实验观察降低piR-47851表达对移植瘤体积和质量的影响;通过增殖指标Ki-67染色观察降低piR-47851表达对移植瘤细胞增殖活力的影响。结果qRT-PCR实验结果提示,79例胃腺癌组织中piR-47851的表达水平显著高于癌旁正常胃组织(P<0.05)。piR-47851表达水平与肿瘤大小、分化程度和生存预后密切相关(P<0.05)。生物信息学提示piR-47851与MAPK1基因3′UTR有互补的结合位点。双荧光素酶报告基因实验得出在MAPK1野生型转染组中,piR-47851能显著抑制荧光酶活性,而在MAPK1突变组中无抑制作用。CCK-8增殖活性实验表明,过表达piR-47851后,胃癌细胞增殖活性升高;降低piR-47851后,细胞增殖活性下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Rescue实验提示,在改变piR-47851和(或)MAPK1的表达后再通过qRT-PCR检测MAPK1的表达水平,MAPK1都能受到piR-47851的调控。在功能上过度表达MAPK1可以降低piR-47851对胃癌细胞的增殖促进作用,而减低MAPK1表达可进一步提升胃癌细胞的增殖活性。在裸鼠荷瘤实验中,降低piR-47851表达后肿瘤生长体积和质量显著减小(P<0.05)。增殖指数Ki-67染色表明减低piR-47851表达后增殖活性细胞数目显著低于对照组(P<0.05),验证了piR-47851能促进细胞增殖。结论胃腺癌组织中piR-47851表达水平升高,与肿瘤大小和生存预后密切相关。piR-47851通过与MAPK1的3′UTR结合来下调MAPK1蛋白表达,从而促进胃癌的细胞增殖。

代谢健康状态转变及其与BMI的交互作用对心血管疾病发生的影响

目的探讨代谢健康状态转变与体质指数(BMI)交互作用及与心血管疾病(CVD)的关联。方法基于“新疆多民族自然人群队列建设及健康随访研究”和田调查现场,进行前瞻性队列研究。经过3年随访,根据代谢状态转变将研究对象分为保持代谢健康(MH)、代谢健康转为代谢不健康(MH-MU)、保持代谢不健康(MU)、代谢不健康转为代谢健康(MU-MH)4组,多因素Logistic回归分析不同组代谢状态对CVD发生的影响。应用限制性立方样条探讨BMI为连续变量与CVD风险的关联,分析代谢状态转变和BMI交互作用与CVD的关联。结果共10232人纳入本研究,平均年龄为(52.43±10.29)岁。在随访3年期间新发心血管疾病349例(3.41%);其中MH、MH-MU、MU和MU-MH 4组心血管疾病发生率分别为2.48%、4.21%、5.13%、3.30%。与MH组相比,MH-MU、MU组心血管疾病发生风险分别为OR=1.42(95%CI:1.05~1.93)和OR=1.41(95%CI:1.03~1.92)。限制性立方样条分析表明,基线BMI与心血管疾病发生为非线性关联(P=0.023)。BMI分组与代谢状态转变存在交互作用(χ2=26.025,P=0.001),其归因于交互效应比例为3%[RERI=0.032(95%CI:0.005~0.06)、AP=0.031(95%CI:0.007~0.05)、S=2.157(95%CI:1.194~3.897)]。结论保持或转变为代谢不健康状态均可增加心血管疾病的风险。保持或转为代谢不健康状态与超重、肥胖交互作用能够增加心血管疾病的风险。