This paper analyses the capital costs, power consumption and operation costs of municipal wastewater land treatment systems, including rapid infiltration, slow-rate infiltration, overflow and constructed wetland, by m...This paper analyses the capital costs, power consumption and operation costs of municipal wastewater land treatment systems, including rapid infiltration, slow-rate infiltration, overflow and constructed wetland, by means of series engineering design. The results show that land treatment can save 50-70% of capital costs, 80-90% of power and 75-85% of operation costs when compared with secondary treatment.展开更多
The HyFrance Group was originally formed in France to support the European project HyWays, by providing （former projects HyFrancel and HyFrance2） the French data and possible hydrogen pathways according to national ...The HyFrance Group was originally formed in France to support the European project HyWays, by providing （former projects HyFrancel and HyFrance2） the French data and possible hydrogen pathways according to national specificities. HyFrance3 is a new project that focuses on the economic competitiveness of different steps of the hydrogen chain, from the production to end usage, at the time horizon of 2030 in France. The project is coordinated by CEA with the other partners being： ADEME （co-funding）, AFH2, CNRS, IFP, Air Liquide, EdF, GdF Suez, TOTAL, ALPHEA. The project is divided into 4 sub-projects, that address present and future French hydrogen industrial markets for chemical ＆ refinery uses, the analysis of the interplay between wind energy production and storage of hydrogen for different automotive requirements （refuelling stations, BtL plants, H2/NG mix）, massive hydrogen storage to balance various offer and demand characteristics, and the supply network （pipeline option competitiveness vs. trucked in supply） to distribute hydrogen in a French region for automotive applications. Technical and economical issues, as well as GHG emissions, are addressed.展开更多
文摘This paper analyses the capital costs, power consumption and operation costs of municipal wastewater land treatment systems, including rapid infiltration, slow-rate infiltration, overflow and constructed wetland, by means of series engineering design. The results show that land treatment can save 50-70% of capital costs, 80-90% of power and 75-85% of operation costs when compared with secondary treatment.
文摘The HyFrance Group was originally formed in France to support the European project HyWays, by providing （former projects HyFrancel and HyFrance2） the French data and possible hydrogen pathways according to national specificities. HyFrance3 is a new project that focuses on the economic competitiveness of different steps of the hydrogen chain, from the production to end usage, at the time horizon of 2030 in France. The project is coordinated by CEA with the other partners being： ADEME （co-funding）, AFH2, CNRS, IFP, Air Liquide, EdF, GdF Suez, TOTAL, ALPHEA. The project is divided into 4 sub-projects, that address present and future French hydrogen industrial markets for chemical ＆ refinery uses, the analysis of the interplay between wind energy production and storage of hydrogen for different automotive requirements （refuelling stations, BtL plants, H2/NG mix）, massive hydrogen storage to balance various offer and demand characteristics, and the supply network （pipeline option competitiveness vs. trucked in supply） to distribute hydrogen in a French region for automotive applications. Technical and economical issues, as well as GHG emissions, are addressed.
