New Temperature Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Lines with Better Outcrossing Ability for Production of Two-Line Hybrid Rice

An investigation was carried out with three newly developed temperature sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） lines for their floral traits, seed production potential and outcrossing ability in ten cross combinations. In the TGMS lines, fertile pollens had an average diameter of 0.89 mm while the sterile pollens was with 0.02 mm diameter.TS-29-150GY produced the biggest fertile pollens with 0.92 mm and other two lines produced relatively smaller pollens with 0.91 and 0.85 ram. Pollen fertility during the fertility reversion period was an average of 60.7%. TS-29-150GY had the maximum of 66.9% spikelet fertility whereas other two lines （TNAU18S and TNAU60S） had relatively lower spikelet fertility of 27.8% and 26.7%, respectively. Average of 17.00 g of seed yield was obtained in the TGMS lines during the fertility reversion period. TS-29- 150GY had the highest value of 21.20 g of seed yield while TNAU18S and TNAU60S produced 16.6 g and 13.2 g of seed yield, respectively. The low seed production ability of these three TGMS lines was attributed only to the environmental conditions prevailing during the period. All three TGMS lines had considerable outcrossing potential of 41.2%, 24.6% and 25.0%, respectively. The cross combinations viz. TNAU18S/IET21508 （36 g/plant）, TNAU18S/IET21044 （13 g/plant）, TNAU18S/IET21009 （26.5 g/plant）, TNAU60S/CB-09-106 （26.2 g/plant）, TNAU60S/IET21009 （14 g/plant） and TS29-150-GY/DRR 3306 （39.2 g/plant） showed perfect synchronization with acceptable hybrid seed yield, indicating suitability of TGMS system under Indian condition. Based on the outcrossing related traits viz. panicle exertion, angle of glume opening, stigma length and pollen size, TNAU18S was identified as the best, followed by TS-29-150GY.

Plant Temperature and Its Simulation Model of Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice

Plant temperature （Tp） and its relations to the microclimate of rice colony and irrigation water were studied using a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） rice line, Pei＇ai 64S. Significant differences in the daily change of temperature were detected between Tp and air temperature at the height of 150 cm （TA）. From 8：00 to 20：00, Tp was lower than TA, but they were similar during 21：00 to next 7：00. The maximum Tp occurred one hour earlier than the maximum TA, though they both reached the minimum at 6：00. Tp fluctuated less than TA. At the same height, during 6：00-13：00, Tp was higher than air temperature （Ta）, and Tp reached the maximum one hour earlier than Ta. During the rest time on sunny day, Tp was close to or even a little lower than Ta. On overcast day, Tp was higher than Ta in the whole day, and both maximized at the same time. In addition, Tp was regulated by solar radiation, cloudage and wind speed in daytime, and by irrigation water at night. The present study indicated that a TA of 29.6℃ was the critical point, at which Tp was increased or decreased by irrigation water. Tp and the difference between water and air temperatures showed a conic relation. Tp fluctuation was also regulated by the absorption or reflection of solar radiation by leaves during daytime and release of heat energy during nighttime. By analysis on correlation and regression simulation, two models of Tp were established.

Thermal Error Modeling Method with the Jamming of Temperature-Sensitive Points'Volatility on CNC Machine Tools

Aiming at the deficiency of the robustness of thermal error compensation models of CNC machine tools, the mechanism of improving the models＇ robustness is studied by regarding the Leaderway-V450 machining center as the object. Through the analysis of actual spindle air cutting experimental data on Leaderway-V450 machine, it is found that the temperature-sensitive points used for modeling is volatility, and this volatility directly leads to large changes on the collinear degree among modeling independent variables. Thus, the forecasting accuracy of multivariate regression model is severely affected, and the forecasting robustness becomes poor too. To overcome this effect, a modeling method of establishing thermal error models by using single temperature variable under the jamming of temperature-sensitive points＇ volatility is put forward. According to the actual data of thermal error measured in different seasons, it is proved that the single temperature variable model can reduce the loss of fore- casting accuracy resulted from the volatility of tempera- ture-sensitive points, especially for the prediction of cross quarter data, the improvement of forecasting accuracy is about 5 μm or more. The purpose that improving the robustness of the thermal error models is realized, which can provide a reference for selecting the modelingindependent variable in the application of thermal error compensation of CNC machine tools.

Compact temperature-insensitive modulator based on a silicon microring assistant Mach-Zehnder interferometer

On the silicon-on-insulator platform, an ultra compact temperature-insensitive modulator based on a cascaded microring assistant Mach-Zehnder interferometer is proposed and demonstrated with numerical simulation. According to the calculated results, the tolerated variation of ambient temperature can be as high as 134 ℃ while the footprint of such a silicon modulator is only 340 μm2.

Plant Temperature for Sterile Alteration of a Temperature-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice,Peiai64S

The forecast of sterile alteration for the temperature-sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） line in two-line hybrid rice seed production was traditionally based on screen temperature determined by weather station. The article put forward a new approach based on plant temperature, which was more exact and direct than the traditional method. The result of the simulation of the self-seeded setting rate of a widely used TGMS line, Peiai64S, by several temperature parameters and durations, showed that the fertility was directly affected by the plant temperature at a height of 20 cm or the air temperature around it in three days duration. Using the stem temperature of three days at a height of 20 cm as the simulation parameter, the fertility of Peiai64S had the maximum, minimum and optimum temperatures as 22.8, 21.7 and 22.5℃, respectively, whereas 23.2, 21.5 and 21.8℃ when using the air temperature of three days around the height of 20 cm as the parameter. Such temperature indices can be used to conclude the sterile alteration of TGMS for safeguarding seed production of twoline hybrid rice. The article also established a statistic model to conclude plant temperature by water temperatures at inflow and outflow, and air temperature and cloudage from weather station.

Preparation and Properties of Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate Chemically Modified Temperature-Sensitive Microgels

A novel series of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (p(NIPAM-co-HEMA)) microgels were prepared through precipitation polymerization. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were employed to characterize the microgels. The experimental results indicate that the prepared microgels with narrow distribution remain good temperature sensitivity after incorporation of functional-OH groups. In marked contrast to the general rule, incorporation of hydrophilic HEMA makes the volume-phase-transition temperature shift to the lower temperature due to the strong intermolecular H-bonding between amide and -OH groups, -OH and -OH groups.

Characterization of the role of Smu1 in nuclear localization of splicing factors in the mammalian temperature-sensitive mutant

A temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of the CHO-K1 cell line, tsTM18, grows at 340C but not at 390C. Smu1 is the gene responsible for ts defects of tsTM18 cells. Previously, we found that the Smu1 ts defect altered the localization (as indicated by enlargement of speckles) of SRSF1 (SF2/ASF) in tsTM18 cells cultured at 390C, suggesting a functional association between Smu1 and SRSF1. Speckles are subnuclear structures that may function as storage/assembly/ modification compartments to supply splicing factors to active transcription sites. The effect of the ts defect of Smu1 on the localization of other factors related to splicing has not been characterized yet. The mechanisms underlying the enlargement of speckles of SRSF1 remain unclear. In the present study, we found that the ts defect of Smu1 affected the nuclear localization of a splicing factor, SRSF2 (SC35), and factors involved in the exon-exon junction complex, Y14 and ALY. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that the ts defect of Smu1 affected alternative splicing of endogenous Clk1/ Sty and SRSF2 genes. Mammalian Clk family kinases are shown to phosphorylate serine/arginine (SR) proteins in vitro and SRSF1 in vivo. RT-PCR analysis of Clk1/Sty showed an accumulation of the truncated form lacking kinase activity in tsTM18 cells incubated at 39?C. These data indicate that an accumulation of kinase-negative Clk1/Sty may lead to alteration of the localization of factors related to splicing resulting in the enlargement of speckles.

Effect of day length and temperature on the pollen fertility in photo(thermo)-sensitive genic male-sterile rice

The effect of day length and temperature on the pollen fertility of five photoperiod-sensitive genic male-sterile japonica rice lines (PGMSR) and three temperature-sensitive genic malesterile indica rice lines (TGMSR) were investigated in phytotron. The light source used for illumination was xenon lamp, and the light intensity which plant accepted on the leaf surface was 300—350μmol photons ms. The results indicated that pollens of PGMSR 7001S and E47S aborted completely whereas a little part of 31116S pollens appeared normal under long day photoperiod (LD,25℃,15h) (Table 1). High temperature (HT, 30℃, 12h) and lower temperature (LT,

Skin Sensitive Difference of Human Body Sections under Clothing— Smirnov Test of Skin Surface Temperatures' Dynamic Changing

Skin sensitive difference of human body sections under clothing is the theoretic foundation of thermal insulation clothing design. By a new method of researching on clothing comfort perception, the skin temperature live changing procedure of human body sections affected by the same cold stimulation is inspected. Furthermore with the Smirnov test the skin temperatures dynamic changing patterns of main human body sections are obtained.

Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 to different temperatures

This study was designed to investigate the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 to different temperatures,to provide basic data and a scientific basis for the control of COVID-19 epidemic.The virus was dispersed in 1 mL basal DMEM medium at a final concentration of 103.2 TCID 50/mL and then incubated at 4,22,30,35,37,38,39 and 40°C for up to 5 days.The infectivity of residual virus was titrated using the Vero E6 cell line.The results showed that the virus remained viable for 5 days at 4°C,and for 1 day only at 22 and 30°C.We found that the infectivity of the virus was completely lost after less than 12 hours at 37,38 and 39°C,while at 40°C,the inactivation time of the virus was rapidly reduced to 6 hours.We show that SARS-CoV-2 is sensitive to heat,is more stable at lower temperatures than higher temperature,remains viable for longer at lower temperatures,and loses viability rapidly at higher temperatures.

Estimation of enhanced low dose rate sensitivity mechanisms using temperature switching irradiation on gate-controlled lateral PNP transistor

The mechanisms occurring when the switched temperature technique is applied, as an accelerated enhanced low dose rate sensitivity （ELDRS） test technique, are investigated in terms of a specially designed gate-controlled lateral PNP transistor （GLPNP） that used to extract the interface traps （Nit） and oxide trapped charges （Not）. Electrical characteristics in GLPNP transistors induced by 60Co gamma irradiation are measured in situ as a function of total dose, showing that generation of Nit in the oxide is the primary cause of base current variations for the GLPNP. Based on the analysis of the variations of Nit and Not, with switching the temperature, the properties of accelerated protons release and suppressed protons loss play critical roles in determining the increased Nit formation leading to the base current degradation with dose accumulation. Simultaneously the hydrogen cracking mechanisms responsible for additional protons release are related to the neutralization of Not extending enhanced Nit buildup. In this study the switched temperature irradiation has been employed to conservatively estimate the ELDRS of GLPNP, which provides us with a new insight into the test technique for ELDRS.

Sensitivity of the Number of Snow Cover Days to Surface Air Temperature over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

基于雪盖子天(NSCD ) 的数字并且一致为时期的表面空气温度数据 19512004，这研究在 Qinghai 西藏的高原(QTP ) 上在 NSCD 的敏感上执行定量分析到表面空气温度。结果证明在当前的气候下面的极端敏感和敏感比在 QTP 的中央区域在边是更高的。在那里存在在车站举起和批评温度，敏感在到达极值之间的强壮的否定关联。在举起和极端敏感之间的否定关联不象以前的一样强壮。当前，在许多车站的 climatological 温度不到达批评阶段。在这些车站的敏感将在温暖的气候的当前的背景下面变得更大，它意味着 NSCD 将对表面空气温度更敏感。引证妈， L. ， D。Qin， L。Bian，等， 2010：到在 Qinghai 西藏的高原上的表面空气温度的雪盖子天的数字的敏感。副词。Clim。变化物件， 1， doi：10.3724/SP .J.1248.2010.00076。

Determination of Trace Titanium by Solid Substrate-Room Temperature Phosphorimetry with 4,5-Dibromophenylfluorone as Luminescent Ligand and Triton X-100 as Sensitizer

A new highly sensitive solid substrate room temperature phosphorimetry for the determination of trace titanium is proposed based on the sensitization of Triton X-100 to the SS-RTP intensity of 4,5-dibromophenylfluorone-titanium complex adsorbed on the filter paper substrate modified by gelatin. When Triton X-100 was added into the luminescence system, the RTP intensity was raised 3 times stronger than that of the system without Triton X-100. The linear dynamic range of the new method is 0 64~3 2 fg/spot(0 4 μL) with a detection limit of 12 8 ag/spot, and the regression equation of the working curve is Δ I p =482 0+119 5 m Ti(Ⅳ) (fg/spot), the correlation coefficient r =0 9992, n =6. The phosphorescence lifetime( τ =0 85 ms) was also determined. The recoveries(and RSD) for the determinations of titanium in human hair and tea samples were 101 0%(3 0%) and 99 97%(4 2%), respectively.

Tunable and highly sensitive temperature sensor based on graphene photonic crystal fiber

Optical fiber temperature sensors have been widely employed in enormous areas ranging from electric power industry,medical treatment,ocean dynamics to aerospace.Recently,graphene optical fiber temperature sensors attract tremendous attention for their merits of simple structure and direct power detecting ability.However,these sensors based on transfer techniques still have limitations in the relatively low sensitivity or distortion of the transmission characteristics,due to the unsuitable Fermi level of graphene and the destruction of fiber structure,respectively.Here,we propose a tunable and highly sensitive temperature sensor based on graphene photonic crystal fiber(Gr-PCF)with the non-destructive integration of graphene into the holes of PCF.This hybrid structure promises the intact fiber structure and transmission mode,which efficiently enhances the temperature detection ability of graphene.From our simulation,we find that the temperature sensitivity can be electrically tuned over four orders of magnitude and achieve up to~3.34×10^(-3) dB/(cm·℃)when the graphene Fermi level is~35 meV higher than half the incident photon energy.Additionally,this sensitivity can be further improved by~10 times through optimizing the PCF structure(such as the fiber hole diameter)to enhance the light–matter interaction.Our results provide a new way for the design of the highly sensitive temperature sensors and broaden applications in all-fiber optoelectronic devices.

Monitoring of steam chamber in steam-assisted gravity drainage based on the temperature sensitivity of oil sand

Thermosensitivity experiments and simulation calculations were conducted on typical oil sand core samples from Kinosis,Canada to predict the steam chamber development with time-lapse seismic data during the steam-assisted gravity drain-age(SAGD).Using an ultrasonic base made of polyether ether ketone resin instead of titanium alloy can improve the signal en-ergy and signal-to-noise ratio and get clear first arrival;with the rise of temperature,heavy oil changes from glass state(at-34.4℃),to quasi-solid state,and to liquid state(at 49.0℃)gradually;the quasi-solid heavy oil has significant frequency dis-persion.For the sand sample with high oil saturation,its elastic property depends mainly on the nature of the heavy oil,while for the sand sample with low oil saturation,the elastic property depends on the stiffness of the rock matrix.The elastic property of the oil sand is sensitive to temperature noticeably,when the temperature increases from 10℃ to 175℃,the oil sand samples decrease in compressional and shear wave velocities significantly.Based on the experimental data,the quantita-tive relationship between the compressional wave impedance of the oil sand and temperature was worked out,and the tem-perature variation of the steam chamber in the study area was predicted by time-lapse seismic inversion.

ON SWELLING CHARACTERISTICS AND MECHANISM OF TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE HYDROGELS

A series of N-substituted acrylamide monomers and the temperature sensitive hydrogels of their copolymer with N, N'-methylene-bis -acrylamide (Bis) have been synthesized. The effects of monomer structures, composition of the initial monomer mixture, polymerization temperature, the extent of ionization of the network and the presence of acid, base, salt or organic compound on the formation and the swelling characteristics of the temperature sensitive hydrogels have been systematically studied. The mechanism of the temperature sensitive phase transformation of the hydrogels was also investigated.

Studies on the Relation between the Composition of Thermal Sensitive MnZn Ferrite and Curie Temperature

Thermal sensitive MnZn ferrite is a kind of soft magnetic ferrite material with lower Curie temperature (Tc) and can be used to make many kinds of magnetic thermal sensitive sensors with high sensitivity. In this paper, the relation between the composition of thermal sensitive ferrite and TC was studied. It was found that TC changes linearly with ZnO extent when the content of Fe2O3 is fixed. Based on lots of experiments, an experimential formula to determine was given out.

Construction and Genetic Analysis of Murine Hepatitis Virus Strain A59 Nsp16 Temperature Sensitive Mutant and the Revertant Virus

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are generally associated with respiratory and enteric infections and have long been recognized as important pathogens of livestock and companion animals. Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is a widely studied model system for Coronavirus replication and pathogenesis. In this study,we created a MHV-A59 temperature sensitive (ts) mutant Wu"-ts18(cd) using the recombinant vaccinia reverse genetics system. Virus replication assay in 17C1-1 cells showed the plaque phenotype and replication characterization of constructed Wu"-ts18(cd) were indistinguishable from the reported ts mutant Wu"-ts18. Then we cultured the ts mutant Wu"-ts18(cd) at non-permissive temperature 39.5°C,which "forced" the ts recombinant virus to use second-site mutation to revert from a ts to a non-ts phenotype. Sequence analysis showed most of the revertants had the same single amino acid mutation at Nsp16 position 43. The single amino acid mutation at Nsp16 position 76 or position 130 could also revert the ts mutant Wu"-ts18 (cd) to non-ts phenotype,an additional independent mutation in Nsp13 position 115 played an important role on plaque size. The results provided us with genetic information on the functional determinants of Nsp16. This allowed us to build up a more reasonable model of CoVs replication-transcription complex.

负温度系数区域内RP-3喷气燃料表征燃料化学反应动力学分析

为探究喷气燃料(RP-3)在不同条件下负温度系数(NTC)区域内的反应路径、敏感反应以及小分子基元团的影响规律,以CRECK小分子详细机理为核心,基于解耦法耦合正十二烷、正丁基环己烷、正丁基苯简化机理,构建得到RP-3多组分表征燃料化学反应动力学详细机理;并在不同压力、燃料/空气质量比工况下对其NTC区域内的燃烧过程进行了敏感性分析、组分含量变化分析以及组分间交互作用路径分析。结果表明:NTC区域内反应H_(2)O_(2)(+M)=2OH(+M)(M为反应中第三体)是最重要的着火促进反应;不同反应条件下O_(2)、CH_(4)、C_(2)H_(4)的陡降时刻与CO_(2)的激增时刻均与燃料的着火延迟期表现出极高的吻合度;压力与燃料/空气质量比的改变仅会影响反应路径的占比。