Modelling of the variation of granular base materials resilient modulus with material characteristics and humidity conditions

This study aims to quantify the susceptibility of granular materials used in pavements to changes in moisture content and propose a correlation model to incorporate this susceptibility into seasonal analyses.The fines content and the percentage of fractured coarse aggregates were identified as direct indicators of the resilient modulus susceptibility to changes in water content.The results showed that the percentage of fractured coarse aggregates particles(FR)has a more significant impact on the resilient modulus(Er)of crushed granular materials used in pavement construction than the combined indicator of the fines content and sample volumetrics(nf).Crushed granular materials with a higher percentage of fractured coarse aggregates are relatively insensitive to changes in the degree of saturation,but become more sensitive as the fine fraction porosity decreases.An adjusted model was proposed based on the existing formulation,but considers a complex parameter to describe and adjust the sensitivity of base granular materials to variations in moisture content with respect to fabrication charac-teristics,fines content and volumetric properties.The model shows that the variation of Er values is below10%for fully crushed granular materials.However,it reaches approximately±12%for materials with 75%of crushed coarse aggregates andþ40%and-25%for materials with FR=50%.This model could help select good ag-gregates characteristics and adjust grain-size distribution for environments where significant moisture content variations can occur in the pavement system,such as in the Province of Quebec(Canada).As it is based on pa-rameters that can be easily determined or estimated,it also represents a valuable tool for detailed design and analysis that can consider material characteristics.

Microscopic Observation and Stability Study on the Fe_3s_4 Nanocrystals Synthesizedunder Thermal and Humid Conditions

Fe3S4 is important magnetic mineral that widely exists in the sediments of lakes and oceans. It can not only instruct reducing environment that contains organic matter and sulfate, but also provide paleomagnetic signal for paleoenvironmet research. Simultaneously, as a new type of magnetic material, it causes attention. Because Fe3S4 generally exists as an unstable intermediate, it is stringent in preparation conditions. Although some scholars have conducted on the synthesis experiments of Fe3S4 materials, the research on its stable conditions, formation mechanism and evolution process is not yet depth. Accordingly, defining the stable conditions and revealing evolution law of Fe3S4 nanocrystals have important significance for the determination of environmental conditions and the preparation of pure Fe3S4 nanomaterials.

COMPUTER DECOUPLE CONTROL OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY IN PREPROCESSING CHAMBER OF AIR-CONDITIONING TEST EQUIPMENT

This paper deals with the application of decouple Control theory to temperature and humidi-ty control in air-conditioning system. The decouple control algorithm for bivariable systems isderived applicablly for air-conditioning system. The algorithm is used to design a temperatureand humidity computer control system for the preprocessing chamber of air-conditioning testequipment. The results of the real-time control experiments indicate that the decouple controlalgorithm is feasible, the control quality is improved and high control precision is achieved.

STUDY OF THE HEAT AND HUMIDITY TRANSFER PROCESSES BETWEEN AIR AND WATER IN THE AIR WASHER

The processes of heat and humidity transfer between air and water are what to be studied mainly in the paper, we put forward some main factors which influence the processes of heat and humidity transfer in the air washer. We come to the conclusion that we can change these main factors to achieve different heat and humidity transfer processes and decide processes of heat and humidity transfer of air and water with the initial temperature of spraying water in the air washer. All these results can make things convenient for the air conditioning management.

Modeling Spatio-temporal Drought Events Based on Multi-temporal,Multi-source Remote Sensing Data Calibrated by Soil Humidity

Inspired by recent significant agricultural yield losses in the eastern China and a missing operational monitoring system,we developed a comprehensive drought monitoring model to better understand the impact of individual key factors contributing to this issue.The resulting model,the‘Humidity calibrated Drought Condition Index’(HcDCI)was applied for the years 2001 to 2019 in form of a case study to Weihai County,Shandong Province in East China.Design and development are based on a linear combination of the Vegetation Condition Index(VCI),the Temperature Condition Index(TCI),and the Rainfall Condition Index(RCI)using multi-source satellite data to create a basic Drought Condition Index(DCI).VCI and TCI were derived from MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)data,while precipitation is taken from CHIRPS(Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data)data.For reasons of accuracy,the decisive coefficients were determined by the relative humidity of soils at depth of 10-20 cm of particular areas collected by an agrometeorological ground station.The correlation between DCI and soil humidity was optimized with the factors of 0.53,0.33,and 0.14 for VCI,TCI,and RCI,respectively.The model revealed,light agricultural droughts from 2003 to 2013 and in 2018,while more severe droughts occurred in 2001 and 2002,2014-2017,and 2019.The droughts were most severe in January,March,and December,and our findings coincide with historical records.The average temperature during 2012-2019 is 1℃ higher than that during the period 2001-2011 and the average precipitation during 2014-2019 is 192.77 mm less than that during 2008-2013.The spatio-temporal accuracy of the HcDCI model was positively validated by correlation with agricultural crop yield quantities.The model thus,demonstrates its capability to reveal drought periods in detail,its transferability to other regions and its usefulness to take future measures.

The Experiment and Simulation of Solid Desiccant Dehumidification for Air-Conditioning System in a Tropical Humid Climate

The aim of this research was to study and design a solid desiccant dehumidification system suitable for tropical climate to reduce the latent load of air-conditioning system and improve the thermal comfort. Different dehumidifiers such as desiccant column and desiccant wheel were investigated. The ANSYS and TRASYS software were used to predict the results of dehumidifiers and the desiccant cooling systems, respectively. The desiccant bed contained approximately 15 kg of silica-gel, with 3 mm average diameter. Results indicated that the pressure drop and the adsorption rate of desiccant column are usually higher than those of the desiccant wheel. The feasible and practical adsorption rate of desiccant wheel was 0.102 kgw/h at air flow rate 1.0 kg/min, regenerated air temperature of 55?C and at a wheel speed of 2.5 rpm. The humidity ratio of conditioning space and cooling load of split-type air conditioner was decreased to 0.002 kgw/kgda (14%) and 0.71 kWth (19.26%), respectively. Consequently, the thermal comfort was improved from 0.5 PMV (10.12% PPD) to 0.3 PMV (7.04% PPD).

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF INDOOR FEATURES OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY FOR ROOMS FACING NORTH-SOUTH IN WINTER IN A LOW-LATITUDE PLATEAU CITY

Analyzing observations of wintertime air temperature in both indoor and outdoor surroundings in Kunming, a city lying in low latitudes, characteristics of temperature and humidity have been studied for the interior of rooms facing north-south under different weather conditions. Significant warming effect has been identified in terms of lowest and daily-mean indoor temperature in the area of Kunming. The heating amplitude ranges from 7.7C to 10.0C and from 4.6C to 5.8C for the interior part of rooms facing the south and from 4.6C to 7.0C and from 1.3C to 4.4C for the interior part of rooms facing the north, respectively for the two elements. The highest air temperature is higher indoor than outdoor for rooms facing the south, but otherwise is usually true for rooms facing the north. Additional findings point out that buildings not only help maintain relatively warm indoor temperature but delay its variation. The diurnal cycle of temperature indoor is smaller and ranges by 40% ~ 48% for south-facing rooms, and by 20% ~ 30% for north-facing rooms, than outdoor, and the highest temperature is about 2 hours late inside the room than outside. It shows how inertly indoor temperature varies. The work also finds that relative humidity is less indoor in southward rooms than in northward ones and difference is the largest on fine days but the smallest when it is overcast. For the diurnal variation, the indoor relative humidity is large at nighttime with small amplitude but small during daytime with large amplitude. The above-presented results can be served as scientific foundation for more research on climate in low-latitude cities and rational design of urban architectures.

杭州国家版本馆恒温恒湿空调系统设计

介绍了恒温恒湿库房空调系统的设计,提出了可在库房建成初期、运行稳定期、战时等灵活切换的3种运行模式,分析了其各自的处理过程与节能性;给出了平、战时空调系统选择方案,提出了平时回收空气源热泵机组和冷水机组的冷凝热作为再热热源,战时利用新风预冷实现温湿度独立控制的方法;利用CFD模拟对室内气流组织进行了优化设计;提出了采用含湿量控制代替定露点法进行湿度控制和风机变频等控制策略。通过调试与运行,证明了各项设计措施在项目中应用的有效性。

中央空调负荷精细化调控双层优化技术研究

针对当前中央空调系统粗放式调节不能准确释放调控潜力的问题,深入分析中央空调各子系统工作原理与调控方式,提出基于双层优化的中央空调负荷精细化调控技术方案。首先,面向实际工程实践需求建立建筑湿热标度模型;然后,建立以舒适度和经济性优化目标函数为主的上层调控模型,采用Shapley值法对温湿设定值的进行分配;接着,建立以各子系统优化组合能耗最低为优化目标函数的下层调控模型,采用蚁群算法对优化目标函数进行求解;之后,通过求解双层模型,制定包括末端风机、冷冻水泵以及冷水机组等组件的精细化调控策略;最后,通过多个算例验证所提中央空调负荷精细化调控技术方案的正确性与有效性。

高温蒸汽凝结法相对湿度测量

为实现露点温度100℃以上高温压力蒸汽相对湿度的精确测量,设计了以凝结称重装置、不凝气体含湿量测量装置、数据处理系统为核心部件的凝结法相对湿度测量系统。测量系统依据蒸汽相对湿度与含湿量对应关系,采用蒸汽快速凝结,实时监测冷凝液质量与不凝气流含湿量的方式实现了目标蒸汽所处温度、压力条件下相对湿度的在线测量。凝结法测量工艺能实现露点温度-40℃~130℃条件下气体相对湿度0.15%~100%范围内的有效测量。在露点温度128℃、相对湿度95%条件下,测量不确定度0.59%,测量偏差小于0.4%,具有测量精度高、测量速率快的特点。该系统能开展瞬态条件下蒸汽相对湿度测量,湿度测量值能溯源到国际单位制基本单位。

新型智能化纺纱车间环境的优化措施

针对智能化纺纱车间规模大、自动化程度高、生产集约化、发热强度高的特点,提出了优化新型智能化纺纱车间环境的系列策略和措施。分析了影响车间温湿度、气流组织、空气清洁度的因素。通过采取稳定各工序半成品回潮率,提高空调除尘设备能效,强化均匀送吸风等,采用细纱车间热分流、热转移、除尘空调系统低能耗联动等方法,实现了对纺纱车间环境的优化,并配备完善的火灾自动报警和自动灭火系统,保持了车间环境的安全。认为:纺纱车间环境优化的实施可以满足新型智能化纺纱生产线的高效、绿色生产。

基于机器学习的不同环境条件下松散回潮水分变化的预测

目的明确温湿度对松散回潮工序水分变化量的影响。方法使用K-means聚类分析法划分张家口市环境温湿度区间,利用梯度提升决策树筛选松散回潮水分变化量相关的工艺参数作为特征变量,构建不同温湿度区间下松散回潮工序水分变化量的机器学习预测模型,同时探究车间温湿度对水分变化量的影响,并对最终模型进行优化。结果根据外界环境全年的温湿度,可划分为低温中湿、中温低湿、高温高湿、中温中湿4个区间,且中温低湿与高温高湿区松散回潮工序水分变化量的差异最为显著;分别对中温低湿和高温高湿区构建松散回潮工序水分变化量的LSR、SVR、DT、RF预测模型,综合对比可知,SVR、RF预测模型的精度最高;将车间温湿度作为特征变量后,松散回潮工序水分变化量SVR、RF模型的预测精度均有所上升,其R^(2)'(R^(2)与1的差值)分别降低了25%、46%,说明车间温湿度对松散回潮工序水分变化量的影响较大;对中温低湿和高温高湿区SVR、RF松散回潮工序水分变化量预测模型进行优化后,最终模型的R^(2)'分别达到0.08、0.04。结论松散回潮水分变化量受到外界和车间温湿度的影响,根据不同温湿度区间构建的中温低湿RF模型和高温高湿SVR模型对水分变化量的拟合效果较好,预测准确,能够可靠地应用于松散回潮工序水分变化量的预测,且可拓展用于纸质卷烟包装材料的水分预测和控制,对提升烟丝的卷接包装质量具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。

基于迭代学习的楼宇空调湿度控制研究

传统楼宇变风量空调控制方法,存在对被控系统数学模型的精度要求较高以及抗干扰能力弱的不足,因此限制了变风量空调系统的应用。针对变风量楼宇空调系统运行时存在的重复干扰与系统模型精度问题,采用迭代学习控制方法对变风量空调空气湿度进行控制。将变风量空调空气调节过程看成间歇过程,并且将室内空间湿度控制过程当作间歇过程对目标轨迹的跟踪问题,设计迭代学习控制器,使被控系统能够获得更好的精度和鲁棒性,实现变风量空调的高精度湿度轨迹跟踪。

温湿度条件对六堡茶安全贮藏的影响及孢子计数法的应用

研究了温度35、30、25℃,湿度90%、80%、70%条件下六堡茶含水量变化及霉变情况,分析了温湿度对六堡茶含水量及霉变情况的影响,确定了六堡茶易霉变的温湿度条件;优化了孢子计数法应用于六堡茶的方法参数并评估了其在预测六堡茶霉变程度的可行性。结果表明,温度低于25℃,湿度低于70%是六堡茶防止霉变的最优贮藏条件;孢子数量增长水平与霉变程度具有同步性,此方法应用于快速评估六堡茶霉变情况是可行的,且初步确定发生霉变的孢子数临界值为30.00×10^(7)个/g。结果为确定六堡茶的安全贮藏条件提供了依据,为其霉变程度的快速评估提供了可供参考的新方法。

进气相对湿度对变载工况下PEMFC电堆性能的影响

为了探究进气相对湿度对质子交换膜燃料电池电堆变载工况性能的影响,设计了一个动态循环工况,包括电流密度从0.10到0.35 A/cm^(2)、从0.10到1.00 A/cm^(2)的2种阶跃工况和电流密度分别为0.10、0.35、1.00 A/cm^(2)的稳定工况,进行了相对湿度分别为20%、30%、50%、70%、80%的5组试验.结果表明:恒流状态时,电堆在不同电流密度下对相对湿度的敏感性不同,在大电流密度下相对湿度对电堆性能影响较大;变载过程中,电堆电压出现下冲和过冲现象,加载过程的电压下冲量与变载幅度和相对湿度有关,电堆单电池电压一致性变差,电压一致性与进气相对湿度有关.

温湿度箱不同湿度条件下温度分布实验研究

通过对温湿度箱不同湿度条件下温度均匀性的实际测量,可以确认温湿度箱在相同的温度下,湿度不相同,可导致温度均匀性不相同。同时,可以证实湿度越低,温度均匀性越差,湿度越高,温度均匀性越好,并从热传导角度,分析了不同湿度条件对温度均匀性产生影响的原因。

钢桥表面相对湿度的边界条件计算方法

表面相对湿度是决定钢桥腐蚀速度的重要因素,精确计算表面相对湿度的关键在于选取合适的温度场边界条件,因此进行了拱肋模型相对湿度测试试验,利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS的DFLUX与UVARM子程序实现了钢桥表面相对湿度计算,并对比分析了不同太阳辐射、辐射换热及对流换热的计算方法对钢桥表面相对湿度模拟结果的影响。结果表明:太阳辐射强度对表面相对湿度的影响主要集中在日出、日落时段,采用Hottle模型计算的日总太阳辐射偏大,导致表面相对湿度偏低,建议使用实测太阳辐射数据计算太阳辐射热流密度;天空及地面的辐射换热对表面相对湿度的影响不容忽视,利用简单的大气辐射换热替代天空、地面辐射换热,会导致结构吸收热量增加,表面相对湿度显著减小,建议在计算辐射换热热流密度时考虑天空温度、地面温度的影响;白天对流换热对结构有降温作用,促使表面相对湿度升高,夜晚对流换热作用对结构有升温作用,促使表面相对湿度降低,目前对流换热系数计算方法多基于混凝土结构开展,后续可进行适用于计算钢桥表面相对湿度的对流换热系数研究。

不同暖箱湿度对早产儿体重的影响

目的:探讨不同暖箱湿度对早产儿体重的影响。方法:2022年3月-2023年9月选取本院出生的100例早产儿(<孕37周),随机数表法分为两组各50例,分别给予不同暖箱内环境湿度护理(出生后1周内暖箱湿度达85%~90%为观察组、常规55%~65%湿度为对照组)。记录早产儿出生后1周内体重变化、恢复时间和并发症的发生情况,并对比新生儿皮肤状况评分表(NSCS)得分。结果:观察组早产儿出生后第3d体重减少量(32.8±10.3g)小于对照组(43.1±13.8g),出生后第7d体重增加量(40.6±12.7g)大于对照组(30.5±9.0g),NSCS量表中皮肤干燥度(1.45±0.31分)、皮肤损伤(1.20±0.37分)及总分(3.83±1.02分)均小于对照组(1.70±0.25分、1.40±0.28分、4.43±0.95分),早产儿住院期间体重日均增加值(19.1±5.7g)大于对照组(15.6±4.2g),恢复至出生体重时间(6.00±1.45d)、住院时间(15.60±5.13 d)均短于对照组(7.39±1.50 d、18.67±5.97 d)(均P<0.05)。两组早产儿肺炎、上呼吸道感染、皮肤感染、腹泻、鹅口疮等发生率以及院内感染总发生率均无差异(P>0.05)。结论:适当增加婴儿暖箱内环境湿度可减缓早产儿早期体重降低、促进早产儿体重增长,降低皮肤损伤风险,且不会增加感染风险,有利于生长发育。

某安保中心数据机房空调系统设计

基于北京市某安保中心数据机房空调系统设计,介绍了数据机房室内温湿度的设计要求及空调负荷计算方法。分析了水冷冷水系统及自然冷却风冷冷水系统两种空调冷源形式的特点及优缺点并对A级机房应急冷源的设计进行了介绍。分析对比了数据机房封闭冷通道及封闭热通道的优缺点及适用性,通过气流组织分析模拟验证了封闭冷通道送风可使冷、热通道内的温度达到设计要求。针对空调冷冻水系统,提出了确定空调冷冻水供回水温度的方法,介绍了能够保证空调水系统安全运行的管路设计方法。总结了数据中心空调节能设计措施,指出了设计时应注意的事项。

夏热冬冷地区办公环境健康性能提升的实践与探索

随着办公环境多元化的楼宇模式,人们对绿色、健康性能要求也逐渐提升,传统的办公环境已满足不了健康办公需求,室内空气污染、建筑环境舒适度、交流与运动场地等需求越来越强烈。本项目在本体建筑围护结构、能源利用、工作生活环境方面存在不足,利用绿色健康生态技术对工业建筑改造,使其成为研发办公载体,实现绿色节能目标和产业转型升级。项目在被动式设计基础上结合可调节外遮阳、高性能辐射空调、雨水回收系统等主动式技术的集成应用,探索新型工业楼宇模式下健康性能提升技术与应用实践,形成工业建筑提升节能效果与舒适度改造关键性技术体系,为工业建筑改造提供参考和借鉴。