The behavior of wheat-rye translocation chromosome and alien chromosome including Thinopyrum and Haynaldia chromosome at meiosis was investigated in two hybrids by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Misdivisio...The behavior of wheat-rye translocation chromosome and alien chromosome including Thinopyrum and Haynaldia chromosome at meiosis was investigated in two hybrids by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Misdivision of translocation chromosome at anaphase I and rye chromatin micronucleus at tetrad stage were observed, A plant with one normal 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome and one 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome deleted about 1/3 of rye chromosome arm in length was identified. One plant with wheat-Thinopyrum non-Robertson translocation chromosome was also detected in the F-2 population of Yi4212 x Yi4095. That could be the results of unequal misdivision of wheat-rye 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome and Thinopyrum chromosome during meiosis. No interaction between translocation chromosome and alien chromosome at meiosis was supported by the data of the distribution frequencies of translocation chromosome and Thinopyrum or Haynaldia chromosome in the progeny of two hybrids. The results may be useful to cultivate new germplasms with different length of rye 1R short arm and wheat-alien non-Robertson translocation tines under wheat background.展开更多
AIM: To investigate into the potential involvement of pyrin containing 3 gene(NLRP3), a member of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors with cytosolic pattern recognition, in the host defense of...AIM: To investigate into the potential involvement of pyrin containing 3 gene(NLRP3), a member of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors with cytosolic pattern recognition, in the host defense of corneas against viruses.METHODS: The herpes viral keratitis model was utilized in BALB/c mice with inoculation of herpes simplex virus-1(HSV-1). Corneal tissues removed during therapy of patients with viral keratitis as well as a Simian vacuolating virus 40(SV40)-immortalized human corneal epithelial cell line were also examined.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect NLRP3 in these subjects, focusing on their distribution in tissue or cells. Western blot was used to measure the level of NLRP3 and another two related molecules in NLPR3 inflammasome, namely caspase-1 and IL-1β.RESULTS: The NLRP3 activation induced by HSV-1infection in corneas was accompanied with redistribution of NLRP3 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in both murine and human corneal epithelial cells. Furthermore,in the SV40-immortalized human corneal epithelial cells,NLRP3 was exclusively located in the nucleus, and treatment of the cells with high concentration of extracellular potassium(known as an inhibitor of NLRP3activation) effectively drove NLRP3 back to the cytoplasm as reflected by both immunohistochemistry and Western blot.· CONCLUSION: It is proposed that herpes virus infection activates and causes redistribution of NLRP3 to nuclei. Whether this NLRP3 translocation occurs with other viral infections and in other cell types merit further study.展开更多
Wheat 1BL/1RS translocations are widely planted in China as well as in most of the wheat producing area in the world for their good qualities of disease resistance and high yield. 1BL/1RS translocations are however po...Wheat 1BL/1RS translocations are widely planted in China as well as in most of the wheat producing area in the world for their good qualities of disease resistance and high yield. 1BL/1RS translocations are however poor in bread making, partially caused by a family of small monomeric proteins, ω-secalins, which are encoded by genes on 1RS. Based on published sequence of a rye ω-secalin gene we designed a pair of primers to cover the whole mature protein coding sequence. A major band could be amplified from 1BL/1RS translocations but not from euploid wheat. Using this primer set we conducted PCR amplification by using high fidelity Pfu polymerase on the genomic DNAs and cDNAs purified from a 1BL/1RS translocation Lankao 906. Sequencing analysis indicated that this gene family contains several mem- bers of 1150 bp, 1076 bp, 1075 bp, 1052 bp and 1004 bp genes, including two pseudogenes and three active genes. The gene transcripts were differentially expressed in developing seeds.展开更多
AIM: To clarify whether Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) activates the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Panc-1, a human pancreatic cancer cell line, was used throughout th...AIM: To clarify whether Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) activates the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Panc-1, a human pancreatic cancer cell line, was used throughout the study. The expression of LPA receptors was confirmed by reverse-transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cytosolic free calcium was measured by fluorescent calcium indicator fura-2, and the localization of NF-κB was visualized by immunofluorescent method with or without various agents, which effect cell signaling. RESULTS: Panc-1 expressed LPA receptors, LPA1, LPA2 and LPA3. LPA caused the elevation of cytosolic free calcium dose-dependently. LPA also caused the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Cytosolic free calcium was attenuated by pertussis toxin (PTX) and U73122, an inhibitor of phospholipase C. The translocation of NF-κB was similarly attenuated by PTX and U73122, but phorbol ester, an activator of protein kinase C, alone did not translocate NF-κB. Furthermore, the translocation of NF-κB was completely blocked by Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM. Thapsigargin, an endoplasmic- reticulum Ca2+-ATPase pump inhibitor, also promoted the translocation of NF-κB. Staurosporine, a proteinkinase C inhibitor, attenuated translocation of NF-κB induced by LPA. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that protein kinase C is activated endogenously in Panc-1, and protein kinase C is essential for activating NF-κB with cytosolic calcium and that LPA induces the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in Panc-1 by mobilizing cytosolic free calcium.展开更多
AIM: To study the effect of Hepatitis C virus nonstructural 5A (HCV NSSA) on IFNα induced signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) phosphorylation and nuclear translocation.METHODS: Expression...AIM: To study the effect of Hepatitis C virus nonstructural 5A (HCV NSSA) on IFNα induced signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) phosphorylation and nuclear translocation.METHODS: Expression of STAT1 Tyr701 phosphorylation at different time points was confirmed by Western blot, and the time point when p-STAT1 expressed most, was taken as the IFN induction time for further studies. Immunocytochemistry was used to confirm the successful transient transfection of NS5A expression plasmid. Immunofluorescene was performed to observe if there was any difference in IFNα-induced STAT1 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation between HCV NSSA-expressed and non-HCV NSSA-expressed cells. Western blot was used to compare the phosphorylated STAT1 protein of the cells.RESULTS: Expression of HCV NS5A was found in the cytoplasm of pCNS5A-transfected Huh7 cells, but not in the PRC/ CMV transfected or non-transfected cells, STAT1 Tyr701 phosphorylation was found strongest in 30 min of IFN induction, STAT1 phosphorylation and nuclear import were much less in the presence of HCV NS5A protein in contrast to pRC/CMV-transfected and non-transfected cells under fluorescent microscopy, which was further confirmed by Western blot.CONCLUSION: HCV NSSA expression plasmid is successfully transfected into Huh7 cells and HCV NS5A protein is expressed in the cytoplasm of the cells. IFN-α is able to induce STAT1 phosphrylation and nuclear translocation, and this effect is inhibited by HCV NS5A protein, which might be another possible resistance mechanism to interferon alpha therapy.展开更多
The rice cultivars carrying dep1(dense and erect panicle 1)have the potential to achieve both high grain yield and high nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).However,few studies have focused on the agronomic and physiological ...The rice cultivars carrying dep1(dense and erect panicle 1)have the potential to achieve both high grain yield and high nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).However,few studies have focused on the agronomic and physiological performance of those cultivars associated with high yield and high NUE under field conditions.Therefore,we evaluated the yield performance and NUE of two near-isogenic lines(NILs)carrying DEP1(NIL-DEP1)and dep1-1(NIL-dep1)genes under the Nanjing 6 background at 0 and 120 kg N ha^(–1).Grain yield and NUE for grain production(NUEg)were 25.5 and 21.9%higher in NIL-dep1 compared to NIL-DEP1 averaged across N treatments and planting years,respectively.The yield advantage of NIL-dep1 over NIL-DEP1 was mainly due to larger sink size(i.e.,higher total spikelet number),grainfilling percentage,total dry matter production,and harvest index.N utilization rather than N uptake contributed to the high yield of NIL-dep1.Significantly higher NUEg in NIL-dep1 was associated with higher N and dry matter translocation efficiency,lower leaf and stem N concentration at maturity,and higher glutamine synthetase(GS)activity in leaves.In conclusion,dep1 improved grain yield and NUE by increasing N and dry matter transport due to higher leaf GS activity under field conditions during the grain-filling period.展开更多
The pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the progression of human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1) disease to full-blown AIDS are not well understood. Findings suggest that, during HIV-1 infection, plasma lipopo...The pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the progression of human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1) disease to full-blown AIDS are not well understood. Findings suggest that, during HIV-1 infection, plasma lipopolysaccharide(LPS) levels, which are used as an indicator of microbial translocation(MT), are elevated throughout the acute and chronic phases of HIV-1 disease. The translocation of bacterial products through the damaged gastrointestinal barrier into the systemic circulation has been described as a driver of immune activation. In contrast, comorbidities that are associated with HIV-1 infection have been attributed to chronic inflammation and immune system dysfunction secondary to MT or low-level HIV-1 replication in plasma and cell reservoirs. Moreover, accelerated aging is significantly associated with chronic inflammation, immune activation, and immune senescence. In this review, we aimed to investigate the role of inflammation as a pivotal marker in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 disease. We will discuss the key features of chronic inflammation and immune activation that are observed during the natural course of the disease and those features that are detected in c ART-modified infection. The review will focus on the following aspects of HIV-1 infection:(1) MT;(2) the role of residual viremia; and(3) "immune senescence" or "inflammaging." Many questions remain unanswered about the potential mechanisms that are involved in HIV-1 pathogenesis. Further studies are needed to better investigate the mechanisms that underlie immune activation and their correlation with HIV-1 disease progression.展开更多
Herein,a nickel-catalyzed arylcyanation of unactivated alkenes via cyano group translocation with aryl boronic acids has been developed.These transformations provided a robust approach to constructing structurally div...Herein,a nickel-catalyzed arylcyanation of unactivated alkenes via cyano group translocation with aryl boronic acids has been developed.These transformations provided a robust approach to constructing structurally diverse 1,n-dinitriles or 4-amino nitriles from easily prepared and commercially available starting materials.The cyano group translocation was achieved,involving the addition into the intramolecular C–N triple bond followed by the retro-Thorpe reaction.Mechanistic studies revealed that high temperature and CsHCO_(3) as the base were crucial for the cyano group translocation.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the role of nuclear translocation of calcyclin binding protein, also called Siah-1 interacting protein (CacyBP/SIP), in gastric carcinogenesis.
文摘The behavior of wheat-rye translocation chromosome and alien chromosome including Thinopyrum and Haynaldia chromosome at meiosis was investigated in two hybrids by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Misdivision of translocation chromosome at anaphase I and rye chromatin micronucleus at tetrad stage were observed, A plant with one normal 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome and one 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome deleted about 1/3 of rye chromosome arm in length was identified. One plant with wheat-Thinopyrum non-Robertson translocation chromosome was also detected in the F-2 population of Yi4212 x Yi4095. That could be the results of unequal misdivision of wheat-rye 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome and Thinopyrum chromosome during meiosis. No interaction between translocation chromosome and alien chromosome at meiosis was supported by the data of the distribution frequencies of translocation chromosome and Thinopyrum or Haynaldia chromosome in the progeny of two hybrids. The results may be useful to cultivate new germplasms with different length of rye 1R short arm and wheat-alien non-Robertson translocation tines under wheat background.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81273212,81100651)Project of Science and Technology of Shandong Province(No.2014GSF118044)
文摘AIM: To investigate into the potential involvement of pyrin containing 3 gene(NLRP3), a member of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors with cytosolic pattern recognition, in the host defense of corneas against viruses.METHODS: The herpes viral keratitis model was utilized in BALB/c mice with inoculation of herpes simplex virus-1(HSV-1). Corneal tissues removed during therapy of patients with viral keratitis as well as a Simian vacuolating virus 40(SV40)-immortalized human corneal epithelial cell line were also examined.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect NLRP3 in these subjects, focusing on their distribution in tissue or cells. Western blot was used to measure the level of NLRP3 and another two related molecules in NLPR3 inflammasome, namely caspase-1 and IL-1β.RESULTS: The NLRP3 activation induced by HSV-1infection in corneas was accompanied with redistribution of NLRP3 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in both murine and human corneal epithelial cells. Furthermore,in the SV40-immortalized human corneal epithelial cells,NLRP3 was exclusively located in the nucleus, and treatment of the cells with high concentration of extracellular potassium(known as an inhibitor of NLRP3activation) effectively drove NLRP3 back to the cytoplasm as reflected by both immunohistochemistry and Western blot.· CONCLUSION: It is proposed that herpes virus infection activates and causes redistribution of NLRP3 to nuclei. Whether this NLRP3 translocation occurs with other viral infections and in other cell types merit further study.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973)(No.2004CB117200).
文摘Wheat 1BL/1RS translocations are widely planted in China as well as in most of the wheat producing area in the world for their good qualities of disease resistance and high yield. 1BL/1RS translocations are however poor in bread making, partially caused by a family of small monomeric proteins, ω-secalins, which are encoded by genes on 1RS. Based on published sequence of a rye ω-secalin gene we designed a pair of primers to cover the whole mature protein coding sequence. A major band could be amplified from 1BL/1RS translocations but not from euploid wheat. Using this primer set we conducted PCR amplification by using high fidelity Pfu polymerase on the genomic DNAs and cDNAs purified from a 1BL/1RS translocation Lankao 906. Sequencing analysis indicated that this gene family contains several mem- bers of 1150 bp, 1076 bp, 1075 bp, 1052 bp and 1004 bp genes, including two pseudogenes and three active genes. The gene transcripts were differentially expressed in developing seeds.
基金The Research Committee of Intractable Pancreatic Diseases, provided by the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, Japan, No. 50253448
文摘AIM: To clarify whether Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) activates the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Panc-1, a human pancreatic cancer cell line, was used throughout the study. The expression of LPA receptors was confirmed by reverse-transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cytosolic free calcium was measured by fluorescent calcium indicator fura-2, and the localization of NF-κB was visualized by immunofluorescent method with or without various agents, which effect cell signaling. RESULTS: Panc-1 expressed LPA receptors, LPA1, LPA2 and LPA3. LPA caused the elevation of cytosolic free calcium dose-dependently. LPA also caused the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Cytosolic free calcium was attenuated by pertussis toxin (PTX) and U73122, an inhibitor of phospholipase C. The translocation of NF-κB was similarly attenuated by PTX and U73122, but phorbol ester, an activator of protein kinase C, alone did not translocate NF-κB. Furthermore, the translocation of NF-κB was completely blocked by Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM. Thapsigargin, an endoplasmic- reticulum Ca2+-ATPase pump inhibitor, also promoted the translocation of NF-κB. Staurosporine, a proteinkinase C inhibitor, attenuated translocation of NF-κB induced by LPA. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that protein kinase C is activated endogenously in Panc-1, and protein kinase C is essential for activating NF-κB with cytosolic calcium and that LPA induces the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in Panc-1 by mobilizing cytosolic free calcium.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNo. 39670671, No. 30471531
文摘AIM: To study the effect of Hepatitis C virus nonstructural 5A (HCV NSSA) on IFNα induced signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) phosphorylation and nuclear translocation.METHODS: Expression of STAT1 Tyr701 phosphorylation at different time points was confirmed by Western blot, and the time point when p-STAT1 expressed most, was taken as the IFN induction time for further studies. Immunocytochemistry was used to confirm the successful transient transfection of NS5A expression plasmid. Immunofluorescene was performed to observe if there was any difference in IFNα-induced STAT1 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation between HCV NSSA-expressed and non-HCV NSSA-expressed cells. Western blot was used to compare the phosphorylated STAT1 protein of the cells.RESULTS: Expression of HCV NS5A was found in the cytoplasm of pCNS5A-transfected Huh7 cells, but not in the PRC/ CMV transfected or non-transfected cells, STAT1 Tyr701 phosphorylation was found strongest in 30 min of IFN induction, STAT1 phosphorylation and nuclear import were much less in the presence of HCV NS5A protein in contrast to pRC/CMV-transfected and non-transfected cells under fluorescent microscopy, which was further confirmed by Western blot.CONCLUSION: HCV NSSA expression plasmid is successfully transfected into Huh7 cells and HCV NS5A protein is expressed in the cytoplasm of the cells. IFN-α is able to induce STAT1 phosphrylation and nuclear translocation, and this effect is inhibited by HCV NS5A protein, which might be another possible resistance mechanism to interferon alpha therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071948)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(2662020ZKPY015)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation,China(2022GXNSFAA035488)。
文摘The rice cultivars carrying dep1(dense and erect panicle 1)have the potential to achieve both high grain yield and high nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).However,few studies have focused on the agronomic and physiological performance of those cultivars associated with high yield and high NUE under field conditions.Therefore,we evaluated the yield performance and NUE of two near-isogenic lines(NILs)carrying DEP1(NIL-DEP1)and dep1-1(NIL-dep1)genes under the Nanjing 6 background at 0 and 120 kg N ha^(–1).Grain yield and NUE for grain production(NUEg)were 25.5 and 21.9%higher in NIL-dep1 compared to NIL-DEP1 averaged across N treatments and planting years,respectively.The yield advantage of NIL-dep1 over NIL-DEP1 was mainly due to larger sink size(i.e.,higher total spikelet number),grainfilling percentage,total dry matter production,and harvest index.N utilization rather than N uptake contributed to the high yield of NIL-dep1.Significantly higher NUEg in NIL-dep1 was associated with higher N and dry matter translocation efficiency,lower leaf and stem N concentration at maturity,and higher glutamine synthetase(GS)activity in leaves.In conclusion,dep1 improved grain yield and NUE by increasing N and dry matter transport due to higher leaf GS activity under field conditions during the grain-filling period.
文摘The pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the progression of human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1) disease to full-blown AIDS are not well understood. Findings suggest that, during HIV-1 infection, plasma lipopolysaccharide(LPS) levels, which are used as an indicator of microbial translocation(MT), are elevated throughout the acute and chronic phases of HIV-1 disease. The translocation of bacterial products through the damaged gastrointestinal barrier into the systemic circulation has been described as a driver of immune activation. In contrast, comorbidities that are associated with HIV-1 infection have been attributed to chronic inflammation and immune system dysfunction secondary to MT or low-level HIV-1 replication in plasma and cell reservoirs. Moreover, accelerated aging is significantly associated with chronic inflammation, immune activation, and immune senescence. In this review, we aimed to investigate the role of inflammation as a pivotal marker in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 disease. We will discuss the key features of chronic inflammation and immune activation that are observed during the natural course of the disease and those features that are detected in c ART-modified infection. The review will focus on the following aspects of HIV-1 infection:(1) MT;(2) the role of residual viremia; and(3) "immune senescence" or "inflammaging." Many questions remain unanswered about the potential mechanisms that are involved in HIV-1 pathogenesis. Further studies are needed to better investigate the mechanisms that underlie immune activation and their correlation with HIV-1 disease progression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21971074,22001076)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2022A1515010660,2021A1515220024)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangzhou(202102020982)。
文摘Herein,a nickel-catalyzed arylcyanation of unactivated alkenes via cyano group translocation with aryl boronic acids has been developed.These transformations provided a robust approach to constructing structurally diverse 1,n-dinitriles or 4-amino nitriles from easily prepared and commercially available starting materials.The cyano group translocation was achieved,involving the addition into the intramolecular C–N triple bond followed by the retro-Thorpe reaction.Mechanistic studies revealed that high temperature and CsHCO_(3) as the base were crucial for the cyano group translocation.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81072040
文摘AIM: To investigate the role of nuclear translocation of calcyclin binding protein, also called Siah-1 interacting protein (CacyBP/SIP), in gastric carcinogenesis.