Lexical Characteristics and Translation Strategies of Rubber and Plastic Industry Terms

As a key part of the manufacturing industry,the rubber and plastic industry is widely used in a variety of fields such as automotive manufacturing,construction materials,and electronics.With technological innovation,global economic growth and infrastructure construction driving the demand for rubber and plastic materials,rubber and plastic materials play an important role in various fields,and accurate translation of the industry’s terminology is also crucial for international communication.The purpose of this paper is to explore in depth the lexical features of rubber and plastic industry terminology,including strong specialization,specialization of common vocabulary,and diversity of word formation.In view of these lexical features,relevant Chinese translation strategies are discussed to ensure the accuracy,specialization and comprehensibility of the translation of rubber and plastic industry terms.

Basic Terms in Shiology-Revealing the Connotation and Extension of the Core Concept of Shiance Cognition

Shiology,abbreviated from the study of shiance,stands as a"disciplinary category"level knowledge system.Within the Chinese educational system's subject catalog,it is an extension of agricultural science(09),and it is a knowledge system that integrates the eater needs,food acquisition and shiance order.Cognition of previously unrecognized objects requires new concepts,and the construction of a new knowledge system cannot be separated from the support of new concepts.Shiance knowledge system is a huge collection of shiance concepts,and this research limits its discussion to the connotations and extensions of four core groups of concepts:shiance,food,eaters,and eating.These core concepts of shiance knowledge also serve as the foundational terms for constructing the shiology framework.Establishing the foundational terms and definitions of shiology is a fundamental research endeavor.If one were to liken the shiology framework to a building,then its foundational terms are akin to the"bricks";defining these terms is comparable to setting standards for these"bricks",facilitating the construction of a more robust structure.The basic words discussed in this research include 34 in the category of"shiance",31 in the category of"food",seven in the category of"eaters"and 16 in the category of"eating".These basic words play a fundamental and leading role in the process of constructing the system of shiology system,and they are used in the names of 40 subjects in the 53 basic shiology systems.The absence and narrowing of cognitive concepts are at the root of the lack of systematic governance of human shiance issues.

On the conceptual metaphor of color terms： A typological view

In different languages and cultures, color terms usually indicate their specific cultural concepts and metaphorical implicature. This paper makes a typological study on the universality and relativity of the Conceptual Metaphors （CM） of color terms in different languages. It attempts to explore the cognitive differences and similarities in the process of categorization and metaphorization of color terms of oriental and western peoples. It proposes that the CM system of color terms is determined by the interactivity of three factors as neurophysiologic mechanisms, general cognitive psychological mechanisms and socio-cultural selective mechanisms. The CM of color terms in different languages carry their specific cognitive characteristics and cultural values, and reflect self-similarity of the language and culture.

On E-C Translation of Proprietary Business Brand Terms

An excellent translation of proprietary business brand terms is more important in international trade.Diverse cultural backgrounds and purposiveness of products are the most influential factors.The research tries to analyze the elements of cultural background and aims of products that affect E-C translation of proprietary business brand terms by descriptive study method and experience summary method,and then to provide methods to overcome these difficulties.

A Brief Analysis of The Holy Bible's Impact on the Connotative Meanings of Color Terms and their Applications in Literatures

The Holy Bible,as one of major sources of Western Culture,has a great influence on the Christian culture and Christian thoughts.Because language is a carrier of culture,the English study will be water without a source and a tree without roots if we ignore The Holy Bible which is the core of Christianity.To study English demands not only grammar and vocabulary,but also the culture behind the language.A brief analysis of connotative meanings of color terms,which are influenced by The Holy Bible and applied in literatures,will be given,in order to offer some help to English learners to know the connotations of color terms better,to understand literatures more profoundly and to have a general feeling about the impact which The Holy Bible has on language.

An Analysis of Different Addressing Terms in High Context Communication and Low Context Communication from the Perspective of Frame Theory

Within the scope of human beings, some addressing terms are similar. However, different addressing terms still exist,which are influenced by the background of high context communication or low context communication. A good example is that Chinese traditional culture, a typical instance of high context communication, puts much emphasis on etiquette, which is represented in addressing terms as more complex and definite; In western, with the background of low context communication, every individual is more equal and they address each other more generally and much simpler. This paper tries to explore the addressing terms both in Chinese and in English from the perspective of frame theory.

关于Trade Terms“象征性交货”教学的探讨

Trade Terms是国际贸易实务的基础知识，在实务操作中占有重要地位。但是，在常用贸易术语条件下，实际上采用的是一种区别于日常的实际交货的象征性交货方式，即卖方凭单交货、买方凭单付款。学生对此不易理解，主要是由于交货方式的特殊性、缺乏国际货运保险知识、孤立地理解交货方式等原因所造成。因此，本文通过采取案例分析深化理解、补充国际货运保险知识、总体把握外贸介同、深化理解风险转移点等方法，以期帮助初学者正确理解和接受这种特殊的交货方式。

The Multidimensional Description and Investigation of New Color Terms:A Metaphorical Cognitive Approach

This article studies the new color terms in Chinese.It first classifies the color terms from four linguistic aspects:pronunciation,grammar,semantics,linguistic context and the theory of "Four Worlds," namel,language,physics,culture,and psychology.It then summarizes all the characteristics of the new color terms.The study takes questionnaires as supplementary data,explores and proves the interactive relationship between metaphorical expression and cognitive psychology of new color words.The life span of such new color terms is also discussed.

An Assessment of Storage Terms in the Surface Energy Balance of a Subalpine Meadow in Northwest China

The heat storage terms in the soil-vegetation-atmosphere system may play an important role in the surface energy budget.In this paper,we evaluate the heat storage terms of a subalpine meadow based on a ficld experiment conducted in the complex terrain of the eastern Qilian Mountains of Northwest China and their impact on the closure of the surface energy balance under such non-ideal conditions.During the night, the average sum of the storage terms was -5.5 W m,which corresponded to 10.4%of net radiation.The sum of the terms became positive at 0730 LST and negative again at about 1500 LST,with a maximum value of 19 W mobserved at approximately 0830 LST.During the day,the average of the sum of the storage terms was 6.5 W m,which corresponded to 4.0%of net radiation.According to the slopes obtained when linear regression of the net radiation and partitioned fluxes was forced through the origin,there is an imbalance of 14.0%in the subalpine meadow when the storage terms are not considered in the surface energy balance.This imbalance was improved by 3.4%by calculating the sum of the storage terms.The soil heat storage flux gave the highest contribution(1.59%),while the vegetation enthalpy change and the rest of the storage terms were responsible for improvements of 1.04%and 0.77%,respectively.

Perturbation to Symmetries and Adiabatic Invariants of Nonholonomic System in Terms of Quasi-coordinates

Based on the theory of Lie symmetries and conserved quantities, the exact invariants and adiabatic invariants of nonholonomic system in terms of quasi-coordinates are studied. The perturbation to symmetries for the nonholonomic system in terms of quasi-coordinates under small excitation is discussed. The concept of high-order adiabatic invariant is presented, and the forms of exact invariants and adiabatic invariants as well as the conditions for their existence are given. Then the corresponding inverse problem is studied.

MULTIPLE POSITIVE SOLUTIONS FOR QUASILINEAR ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS INVOLVING CONCAVE-CONVEX NONLINEARITIES AND MULTIPLE HARDY-TYPE TERMS

In this paper, we deal with the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for the quasilinear elliptic problem -△pu-∑i=1^kμi｜u｜^p-2/｜x-ai｜p^u=｜u｜^p^＊-2u＋λ｜u｜^q-2u,x∈Ω,where Ω belong to R^N（N ≥ 3） is a smooth bounded domain such that the different points ai∈Ω,i= 1,2,...,k,0≤μi〈μ^-=（N-p/p）^p,λ〉0,1≤q〈p,and p^＊=p^N/N-p.The results depend crucially cn the parameters λ,q and μi for i=1,2,...,k.

MULTIPLICITY OF SOLUTIONS AND SOURCE TERMS IN A FOURTH ORDER NONLINEAR ELLIPTIC EQUATION

The authors investigatc relations between multiplicity of solutions and sourceterms of the fourth order nonlinear elliptic boundary value problem under Dirichlet boundary condition △2u＋c△u = bu+＋f inΩ, wherc Ω is a bounded open set in Rn with smoothbonndary and the nonlinearity bu+ crosses eigenvalues of △2 ＋c△. They investigate therelatiolls when the source term is constant and when it is generated by two eigenfuntions.

Least-squares finite-element method for shallow-water equations with source terms

Numerical solution of shallow-water equations （SWE） has been a challenging task because of its nonlinear hyperbolic nature, admitting discontinuous solution, and the need to satisfy the C-property. The presence of source terms in momentum equations, such as the bottom slope and friction of bed, compounds the difficulties further. In this paper, a least-squares finite-element method for the space discretization and θ-method for the time integration is developed for the 2D non-conservative SWE including the source terms. Advantages of the method include： the source terms can be approximated easily with interpolation functions, no upwind scheme is needed, as well as the resulting system equations is symmetric and positive-definite, therefore, can be solved efficiently with the conjugate gradient method. The method is applied to steady and unsteady flows, subcritical and transcritical flow over a bump, 1D and 2D circular dam-break, wave past a circular cylinder, as well as wave past a hump. Computed results show good C-property, conservation property and compare well with exact solutions and other numerical results for flows with weak and mild gradient changes, but lead to inaccurate predictions for flows with strong gradient changes and discontinuities.

Travelling solitary wave solutions for the generalized Burgers-Huxley equation with nonlinear terms of any order

In this paper, the travelling wave solutions for the generalized Burgers-Huxley equation with nonlinear terms of any order are studied. By using the first integral method, which is based on the divisor theorem, some exact explicit travelling solitary wave solutions for the above equation are obtained. As a result, some minor errors and some known results in the previousl literature are clarified and improved.

On Standard Nomenclature of Basic Chinese Medical Terms(IV)

ETIOLOGICAL TERMSIn traditional Chinese medicine, etiology is commonly called "cause of disease". The various factors that may cause disease are called "pathogenic factors". In the past they were classified into three categories: "exogenous factors", "endogenous factors", and "non-exo-endogenous factors". In the modern textbooks this tri-causal hypothesis is not so widely used, while a new classification has been developed.

A New Generalized Riccati Equation Rational Expansion Method to Generalized Burgers-Fisher Equation with Nonlinear Terms of Any Order

In this paper, based on a new more general ansitz, a new algebraic method, named generalized Riccati equation rational expansion method, is devised for constructing travelling wave solutions for nonlinear evolution equations with nonlinear terms of any order. Compared with most existing tanh methods for finding travelling wave solutions, the proposed method not only recovers the results by most known algebraic methods, but also provides new and more general solutions. We choose the generalized Burgers-Fisher equation with nonlinear terms of any order to illustrate our method. As a result, we obtain several new kinds of exact solutions for the equation. This approach can also be applied to other nonlinear evolution equations with nonlinear terms of any order.

Global Convergence of a New Restarting Three Terms Conjugate Gradient Method for Non-linear Optimizations

In this note,by combining the nice numerical performance of PR and HS methods with the global convergence property of FR method,a class of new restarting three terms conjugate gradient methods is presented.Global convergence properties of the new method with two kinds of common line searches are proved.

An evaluation of input/dissipation terms in WAVEWATCH Ⅲ using in situ and satellite significant wave height data in the South China Sea

A WAVEWATCH III version 3.14（WW3） wave model is used to evaluate input/dissipation source term packages WAM3, WAM4 and TC96 considering the effect of atmospheric instability. The comparisons of a significant wave height acquired from the model with different packages have been performed based on wave observation radar and HY-2 altimetry significant wave height data through five experiments in the South China Sea domain spanning latitudes of 0°–35°N and longitudes of 100°–135°E. The sensitivity of the wind speed correction parameter in the TC96 package also has been analyzed. From the results, the model is unable to dissipate the wave energy efficiently during a swell propagation with either source packages. It is found that TC96 formulation with the ＂effective wind speed＂ strategy performs better than WAM3 and WAM4 formulations. The wind speed correction parameter in the TC96 source package is very sensitive and needs to be calibrated and selected before the WW3 model can be applied to a specific region.

Consequences of redefining Alzheimer＇s disease in terms of amyloid burden without regard to cognitive decline

Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）redefined：For the past century,AD has been defined as a disease of progressive cognitive decline paired with a burden of amyloid-β（Aβ）plaques and pathologic tau tangles in the hippocampus and forebrain.However,a recent Framework paper jointly sponsored by the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer＇s Association（Jack et al.,2018）proposes new classification guidelines for AD,which,if adopted,will have profoundconsequences for the future management of AD.

Translation of Cultural Terms Under the Functional Equivalence Theory

Different countries and different nationalities have different cultures.There are differences between them as each culture has its characteristics.Therefore,as their different value,aesthetic taste,region and custom,different cultures assign different meanings to words.According to Tytler,the translation of cultural terms should follow the three principles of translation and adopt reasonable translation methods:retention method,transference translation method,transliteration method,hybrid method,approximation method,interpretation method and implication presentation method,to overcome the translation barriers caused by cultural differences and achieve the translation effect of functional equivalence proposed by Nida.