Photoelectric State with Long-Term Relaxation in CdTe:(Ag, Cu, Cd) and Sb2Se3:Se Photovoltaic Films

The results of an experimental study of long-term relaxation of the photoelectret state of polycrystalline CdTe:(Ag, Cu, Cd) and Sb2Se3:Se films with an anomalous photovoltaic property are presented. In such films, the residual photovoltage is caused by the separation of photocarriers by the built-in electrostatic field of the near-surface region of space charges and their asymmetric capture by deep levels of impurities or complexes, including impurity atoms and intrinsic defects, both in the bulk and on the surface of crystal grains. It has been shown that in activated films, a two-step exponential temporary relaxation of the initial photovoltage of the order of VAPV ≈ (500-600) V is detected, and only 10% of it experiences long-term relaxation (t ≈ 100-120 min).

Travel-Limiting Disabilities in the United States: Why Accessibility Matters?

This study evaluates the distribution of travel-limiting disabilities across genders and geographic locations in the United States. This study aims to describe and compare the socioeconomic and demographic variables of the people with and without travel-limiting disabilities across geographic locations and gender. The study further evaluates the trip purpose and impact of Covid-19 fourth wave pandemic on the use of public transit and travel to physical workplace for the people with and without travel-limiting disabilities across gender and geographic locations. The study uses the 2022 weighted National Household Travel Survey dataset and employs descriptive statistics. Results reaffirm the findings from previous literature that there are more people with travel-limiting disabilities in urban areas and among women. Over 50 percent of people aged 65 and above have a form of travel-limiting disabilities. The most trip for people with travel-limiting disabilities is made for shopping and medical purposes. Across all categories, rural areas, urban areas, male and female for the people without travel-limiting disabilities, COVID-19 fourth wave did not change the pattern of trips made to physical workplace as pre-COVID-19 era. This pattern is also observable for the people with travel-limiting disabilities in rural and urban areas. Females with travel-limiting disabilities reported making less trips to physical workplaces while male reported doing the same as before COVID-19 era. The study concludes that the quantification of travel-limiting disabilities across geographic location and gender is vital in disability study and could drive policy implementation for improved accessibility for the vulnerable population.

History and evaluation of national-scale geochemical data sets for the United States

Six national-scale,or near national-scale,geochemical data sets for soils or stream sediments exist for the United States.The earliest of these,here termed the ＇Shacklette＇ data set,was generated by a U.S. Geological Survey（USGS） project conducted from 1961 to 1975.This project used soil collected from a depth of about 20 cm as the sampling medium at 1323 sites throughout the conterminous U.S.The National Uranium Resource Evaluation Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance（NUREHSSR） Program of the U.S.Department of Energy was conducted from 1975 to 1984 and collected either stream sediments,lake sediments,or soils at more than 378,000 sites in both the conterminous U.S.and Alaska.The sampled area represented about 65%of the nation.The Natural Resources Conservation Service（NRCS）,from 1978 to 1982,collected samples from multiple soil horizons at sites within the major crop-growing regions of the conterminous U.S.This data set contains analyses of more than 3000 samples.The National Geochemical Survey,a USGS project conducted from 1997 to 2009,used a subset of the NURE-HSSR archival samples as its starting point and then collected primarily stream sediments, with occasional soils,in the parts of the U.S.not covered by the NURE-HSSR Program.This data set contains chemical analyses for more than 70,000 samples.The USGS,in collaboration with the Mexican Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada,initiated soil sampling for the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project in 2007.Sampling of three horizons or depths at more than 4800 sites in the U.S.was completed in 2010,and chemical analyses are currently ongoing.The NRCS initiated a project in the 1990s to analyze the various soil horizons from selected pedons throughout the U.S.This data set currently contains data from more than 1400 sites.This paper（1） discusses each data set in terms of its purpose,sample collection protocols,and analytical methods;and（2） evaluates each data set in terms of its appropriateness as a national-scale geochemical database and its usefulness for nationalscale geochemical mapping.

ON A REGULARIZATION OF INDEX 2 DIFFERENTIAL-ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS WITH PROPERLY STATED LEADING TERM

In this article, linear regular index 2 DAEs A（t）[D（t）x（t）]＇ ＋ B（t）x（t） = q（t） are considered. Using a decoupling technique, initial condition and boundary condition are properly formulated. Regular index 1 DAEs are obtained by a regularization method. We study the behavior of the solution of the regularization system via asymptotic expansions. The error analysis between the solutions of the DAEs and its regularization system is given.

Intestinal parasites infection and associated factors among school children in Dagi primary school, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infections are among the most common communicable diseases worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Worldwide, about 3.5 billion people are affected, and 450 million are ill as a result of these infections, among whom, the majority are children. The objective of this study was to assess prevalence of intestinal parasites infection and associated risk factors among school children in Dagi primary school, ANRS, Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted by involving 399 school children from 24 September to 19 October, 2012. Structured questionnaires were used to identify environmental, socio-demographic and behavioral factors and stool specimens were collected and examined for parasites using direct smear and formal-ether concentration technique. Data analysis was done by using SPSS version 15 statistical soft ware. Results: Eight species of intestinal parasites were identified with an overall prevalence of 77.9%. Students were infected with one or more intestinal parasites and the predominant parasite was hook worm, 94 (23.6%) followed by G. lamblia 91 (22.8%), E. histoltica 86 (21.6%) and Strongyloides 6 (1.5%). The presence of mixed parasitic infection was 106 (34.1%), double and triple infections were 97 (91.5%) and 9 (8.5%) respectively. Intestinal parasitic infection was higher in children whose fathers’ occupational status were farmers, who had unclean finger nails and who did not have the habit of wearing shoes (p parasites infection was an important public health problem among Dagi primary school children. Therefore, the local health office and other governmental and non-governmental organizations need to give attention to this serious problem of intestinal parasitic infection of school children.

Setting up State Holding Corporations——an Interview with He Boquan, Vice President of the China National Nonferrous Industry Corporation

An announcement was made on November 4, 1994, on making the China National Nonferrous Industry Corporation one of the three State holding corporations for experiment at a national conference on experimenting on modern enterprises sponsored by the State Council. The appearance of State holding corporations is the result of China’s deepening economic restructuring and an important and integral part of deepening enterprise reform.

Importance of Standards Underlined in State Council's National Nutrition Plan

The General Office of the State Council released National Nutrition Plan （2017-2030） （Plan for short） to improve national health and nutrition on July 13. The plan sets a goal to make substantial improvements by 2030 in reducing student obesity, ane- mia, and stunted development afflicting children younger than 5, as well as raising residents＇ nutritional awareness.

Epidemiology of shoulder dislocations presenting to United States emergency departments:An updated ten-year study

BACKGROUND Glenohumeral dislocation is a common injury that may predispose patients to chronic pain and instability.However,there is a paucity of current data available regarding the epidemiological trends of this injury.AIM To provide an updated,comparative assessment of the epidemiology of shoulder dislocations presenting to emergency departments in the United States.We also sought to analyze patient demographic risk factors and consumer products associated with dislocation events.METHODS Data were obtained from the national electronic injury surveillance system database for glenohumeral dislocations between 2012 and 2021.Incidence,age,sex,and injury characteristics were analyzed using weighted population statistics as well as incidence rates and 95%confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS In total,an estimated 773039 shoulder dislocations(CI:640598-905481)presented to emergency rooms across the United States during the study period.The annual incidence rate was 23.96 per 100000 persons and the average patient age at the time of injury was 37.1 years.Significantly more male patients sustained dislocations than female patients(537189,69.5%,vs 235834,30.5%,P<0.001).With regard to associated consumer products,sports and recreation equipment were involved in the highest proportion of incidents(44.31%),followed by home structures and construction materials(21.22%),and home furnishings,fixtures,and accessories(21.21%).Regarding product sub-groups,stairs,ramps,landings,floors was cited in the greatest number of cases(131745).CONCLUSION The national annual incidence rate of glenohumeral dislocations throughout the study period was approximately 23.92 per 100000 persons.Male adolescents sustained the highest proportion of dislocations,with a peak incidence in age group 15-20 years,predominantly secondary to participation in sporting and recreational activities.Conversely,women experienced a relatively consistent incidence of dislocation throughout their lifespan.After age 63,the incidence rate of dislocations in females was found to surpass that observed in males.

On the Issue of Bilingualism in Terms of Independence of Uzbekistan

This article examines the theory of bilingualism: types of bilingualism, the causes of bilingualism and development of national-Uzbek bilingualism in the context of the national independence of Uzbekistan. According to the author, development of bilingualism in various forms is an important factor in strengthening national consolidation, enhancing the economy and culture of Uzbekistan. The author analyzes the theoretical, historical and socio-poli-tical aspects of development of bilingualism.

“全民一体”:一个述说中华民族的原创概念

民族复兴被确立为国家发展目标,中华民族得到了前所未有的凸显,也进一步突出了中华民族与国家之间的内在联系。为了体现中华民族的国家属性,形成对中华民族的完整述说,笔者在中华民族“多元一体”概念的基础上,提出了中华民族“全民一体”概念,并通过原创的“人口国民化”“国民整体化”等概念来丰富其内涵。因此,就能将从中华民族与现代国家关系角度提出的“全民一体”概念,与从国内民族关系角度提出的“多元一体”概念结合起来,在既揭示中华民族与世界上其他现代民族的共同性,又揭示中华民族特殊性的基础上,对中华民族进行完整、有效的述说。

Environmental complaint insights through text mining based on the driver,pressure,state,impact,and response(DPSIR)framework:Evidence from an Italian environmental agency

Individuals,local communities,environmental associations,private organizations,and public representatives and bodies may all be aggrieved by environmental problems concerning poor air quality,illegal waste disposal,water contamination,and general pollution.Environmental complaints represent the expressions of dissatisfaction with these issues.As the timeconsuming of managing a large number of complaints,text mining may be useful for automatically extracting information on stakeholder priorities and concerns.The paper used text mining and semantic network analysis to crawl relevant keywords about environmental complaints from two online complaint submission systems:online claim submission system of Regional Agency for Prevention,Environment and Energy(Arpae)(“Contact Arpae”);and Arpae's internal platform for environmental pollution(“Environmental incident reporting portal”)in the Emilia-Romagna Region,Italy.We evaluated the total of 2477 records and classified this information based on the claim topic(air pollution,water pollution,noise pollution,waste,odor,soil,weather-climate,sea-coast,and electromagnetic radiation)and geographical distribution.Then,this paper used natural language processing to extract keywords from the dataset,and classified keywords ranking higher in Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency(TF-IDF)based on the driver,pressure,state,impact,and response(DPSIR)framework.This study provided a systemic approach to understanding the interaction between people and environment in different geographical contexts and builds sustainable and healthy communities.The results showed that most complaints are from the public and associated with air pollution and odor.Factories(particularly foundries and ceramic industries)and farms are identified as the drivers of environmental issues.Citizen believed that environmental issues mainly affect human well-being.Moreover,the keywords of“odor”,“report”,“request”,“presence”,“municipality”,and“hours”were the most influential and meaningful concepts,as demonstrated by their high degree and betweenness centrality values.Keywords connecting odor(classified as impacts)and air pollution(classified as state)were the most important(such as“odor-burnt plastic”and“odor-acrid”).Complainants perceived odor annoyance as a primary environmental concern,possibly related to two main drivers:“odor-factory”and“odorsfarms”.The proposed approach has several theoretical and practical implications:text mining may quickly and efficiently address citizen needs,providing the basis toward automating(even partially)the complaint process;and the DPSIR framework might support the planning and organization of information and the identification of stakeholder concerns and priorities,as well as metrics and indicators for their assessment.Therefore,integration of the DPSIR framework with the text mining of environmental complaints might generate a comprehensive environmental knowledge base as a prerequisite for a wider exploitation of analysis to support decision-making processes and environmental management activities.

State of Health Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Support Vector Regression and Long Short-Term Memory

Lithium-ion batteries are the most widely accepted type of battery in the electric vehicle industry because of some of their positive inherent characteristics. However, the safety problems associated with inaccurate estimation and prediction of the state of health of these batteries have attracted wide attention due to the adverse negative effect on vehicle safety. In this paper, both machine and deep learning models were used to estimate the state of health of lithium-ion batteries. The paper introduces the definition of battery health status and its importance in the electric vehicle industry. Based on the data preprocessing and visualization analysis, three features related to actual battery capacity degradation are extracted from the data. Two learning models, SVR and LSTM were employed for the state of health estimation and their respective results are compared in this paper. The mean square error and coefficient of determination were the two metrics for the performance evaluation of the models. The experimental results indicate that both models have high estimation results. However, the metrics indicated that the SVR was the overall best model.

马克思共同体思想视域下铸牢中华民族共同体意识的理论分析和路径探索

马克思共同体思想理论精髓在于自由人联合体,马克思的“真正的共同体”以追求人类解放为定位。中华民族共同体是马克思共同体思想影响下结合我国国情的“共同体”表现形式。本文从“现实的人”“个体与共同体”等方面探讨两者的关系,进而从马克思共同体思想思考铸牢中华民族共同体意识的实践路径,主要从生产力发展、中国特色社会主义制度、社会主义核心价值观三个视角来探讨铸牢中华民族共同体意识的经济基础、制度基础和思想基础。

秦汉时期统一多民族国家语境下的“中国”认同

在统一多民族国家的政治环境和“天下一家”语境下,四裔归属意识的不断增强,是秦汉时期的“中国”认同获得空前发展的根本机制。郡县制管理体制机制下东西南北各地、各族居民先后被“编户化”而统称为“秦人”和“汉人”,意味着在秦汉王朝疆域版图之内各族居民在共同的政治、经济、文化政策下,相互认同而实现的空前民族统一,体现出当时东西南北各族对以秦汉王朝为代表的“中国”,在政治、经济、文化等维度下的全方位认同。这是中国古代国家形态、民族内涵及其关系格局发展过程中出现的一次具有里程碑意义的重大转机,这种直接以统一帝国疆域划定的规模空前的统一民族共同体的出现,对于后世中华民族共同体意识的凝聚,具有重要的奠基意义。

美国全球水资源安全战略分析

由于相对实力下降,美国的霸权正面临“碎片化”与“议题化”转型。在众多涉及安全的议题中,水资源议题因为自身的敏感性,成为美国国家安全的重要组成部分。2022年美国相继发布《全球水安全行动计划》和第二个《美国全球水战略》文件,明确了未来一段时期美国在全球水资源领域的战略目标、原则、优先方向、实施路径以及项目规划。其在优先方向、重点地区以及实施路径等方面的新变化,不但会对中美在水资源领域的竞争产生重要影响,更可能干扰中国与周边国家在水资源领域的合作。中国需加强跟踪研判和科学谋划,不断调整和优化与周边国家开展水资源合作及治理的政策和路径,化解美国对华开展水资源竞争所带来的风险。

乡村振兴中国家与农民关系的社会化调适

乡村振兴战略实施中的政策实践,指向了社会学持续关注的国家与农民关系问题。公共资源下乡中国家与农民之间的互动不仅在器物和组织两个层面展开,还集中体现在价值层面。在乡村振兴的积极案例中,国家与农民关系的新形态表现为器物层面上国家资源与社会需求的有效对接,组织层面上社会动员能力的提升,价值层面上农民国家认同感的强化。国家输入的公共资源只有以高度社会化的方式与农民互动时,农民才可能按照特定的行动逻辑将“国家”内化于心,国家权力才算实现了社会合法性的确认和再生产。为了实现国家与农民关系的社会化调适,社会治理公共性的建设不应停留于权力运作的策略层面。国家应充分发掘、激活蕴藏于乡村社会中的本土资源,将自上而下输入的公共资源转化为推动乡村社会开展自主建设的内生要素。如此,公共资源的下乡才能在推动乡村振兴的过程中,促成国家濡化能力在基层的再造,实现现代国家在社会中的扎根和成长。

基于国家安全战略的美俄网络空间安全观对比及启示

[研究目的]网络空间大国博弈影响国家安全,对美俄网络安全观的对比研究,可为研究全球网络空间博弈及制定我国网络空间战略提供必要的借鉴。[研究方法]以网络安全观理论为基础,以冷战后美俄国家安全战略为样本,通过内容分析对美俄网络安全话语演变的特点、认知逻辑与差异原因开展对比研究。[研究结论]研究表明,美俄网络安全观演变与地缘政治密切相关,两国不断因势调整,在网络安全理念、网络安全战略、网络安全维护手段上呈现内外、技术、主权等差异特征。我国高度关注全球主要国家网络安全战略的动态,通过健全战略体系、完善规则体系、强化防御体系,不断推进我国网络空间安全战略升级。

情境、权力与技术:乡村动员式治理的实践逻辑——基于江苏省T村空间治理实践的考察

在乡村软治理兴起的时代背景下,以互动协商为特色的动员式治理成为基层推进乡村振兴的常用方式。对乡村动员式治理作全过程的解构发现,情境、权力、技术是理解其发生逻辑与运行逻辑的关键要素。“弱压力—高风险—低配套”的制度情境与强阻力的生活情境共同构成了动员式治理的发生条件,国家与社会互嵌从组织基础、认同基础、社会基础层面提供了动员式治理的权力基础,价值、关系、资源、制度等动员工具的技术化配置塑造了动员式治理的运作风格。从本质上看,动员式治理的过程同样是国家基础性权力的持续再生产过程,其兼顾了科层有效性与社会有效性,是柔性转向情境下乡村治理机制的一种理性表达。

中国近代以来的民族构建及其影响

对当代中国民族现象和民族关系的认知务必注意,不论是中华民族、国内各民族还是民族间关系,均在历史演变基础上经过了近代以来的民族构建过程。其间,历史形态的中华民族,一方面经由人口国民化和国民整体化而形成了国民共同体,另一方面又经由自我构建的各个民族的凝聚而成为一个更大的多族聚合体,实现了现代构建。同时,历史上众多的民族群体,则经过民族构建而成为国内的56个民族。在此过程中,国家因素、国族因素和各族互动三个方面相结合,造就了当代中国的民族关系。经历了这样的民族构建,中华民族、国内56个民族以及民族关系有了今天的形态、面貌和性质。因此,要对当代中国的民族现象和民族关系形成准确的把握,就必须对近代以来的民族构建进行认真的梳理。

“国家”、“民族”与“人民”的三重纠葛——重述闻一多的思想道路

中国现代作家闻一多的一生被文学史概括为从诗人到学者再到战士的思想历程,这也是现代知识分子追求进步的典型。在他理想的追求和思想逻辑中,其实就是“国家”、“民族”与“人民”这三重概念的发展和纠缠:“国家”是他认知的起点,“民族”是贯穿始终的情感中心,而“人民”则是思想的升华,从中,也折射出现代中国社会历史的跌宕起伏和知识分子的曲折探索。重述这里的思想演变,对于我们洞见现代国家意识在知识分子精神史上的深刻流变,具有十分重要的典范意义。