Room Temperature Section of Al-In-Sn Ternary Phase Diagram

The X-ray powder diffraction method was used to determine the room temperature section of Al-In-Sn ternary phase diagram.The section consists of 5 single-phase regions,7 two-phase regions and 3 three-phase regions.The structure of In_3Sn phase is known to be tetragonal with a=0.3445 nm,c=0.4436 nm.

Ternary phase diagram of all-inorganic perovskite CsPbCl_(a)Br_(b)I_(3−a−b)nanocrystals

All-inorganic lead halide perovskite CsPbX3(X=Cl,Br,and I)nanocrystals(NCs)have shown great application prospects in optoelectronic fields.Their properties can be feasibly tuned by the ratio of different halide ions.Post-synthesis halide anion exchange of Cl‒Br or Br‒I in CsPbX3 NCs allows getting any desired composition of CsPbClxBr3−x and CsPbBr_(x)I_(3−x)(0≤x≤3).However,due to the large difference of the Cl and I radii,they can only substitute each other in a limited ratio to form CsPbCl_(y)I_(3−y)(0<y<δor 3−δ'<y<3).To date,little has been known on the phase diagram of the ternary halide perovskite of CsPbCl_(a)Br_(b)I_(3−a−b)(0<a+b<3).In this work,the ternary halide perovskite phase diagram is constructed by the strategy of halide anion exchange between perovskite NCs.From the diagram,the composition and proportion of the perovskite NC final phases from any starting perovskite NC mixture can be calculated.Specifically,a two-phase perovskite NC system showing stable dual photoluminescence(PL)peaks is achieved.

Phase Separation in PCDTBT:PCBM Blends:from Flory-Huggins Interaction Parameters to Ternary Phase Diagrams

The substantial increase in the efficiency of organic solar cells achieved in recent years would not have been possible without work on the synthesis of new materials and understanding the relationship between the morphology and performance of organic photovoltaic devices.The structure of solvent-cast active layers is a result of phase separation in mixtures of donor and acceptor components.To a large extent,this process depends on the interactions between the components of the mixture.Here,we present a systematic analysis of the morphology of poly[N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)](PCDTBT)and[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester(PC70BM)films in terms of the ternary phase diagram.The interaction parameters between PCDTBT and four different solvents,namely chloroform,chlorobenzene,o-dichlorobenzene,and toluene,were estimated based on swelling experiments.Based on these values,ternary phase diagrams of PCDTBT:PC70BM in different solvents were calculated.The morphology of spin-coated films with different blend ratios cast from different solvents is discussed in terms of the obtained phase diagrams.

Isothermal Section of Phase Diagram of the Ternary System Co-Dy-Pr at 500℃

The isothermal section of the phase diagram of the ternary system Co Dy Pr at 500℃ was investigated by X ray diffraction analysis, optical microscopy, electron microscopy, electron spectrum and electron probe miscroanalysis techniques. The section consists of seventeen single phase regions, twenty eight two phase regions and twelve three phase regions. Three of single phase regions are the solid continuums and three of single phase regions are the wide limit solid solutions. No ternary compound was observed in this system.

A projective ternary phase diagram of stationary non-equilibrium states for low-pressure diamond growth

SINCE 1980,activated low-pressure diamond growth by chemical vapor deposition(CVD)pro-cess has been one of the worldwide interesting projects.However,in the last decades severalthermodynamic explanations were unsatisfactory.Bachmann et al.summarized a lot ofpublished experimental data into an empirical ternary carbon-hydrogen-oxygen(C-H-O)

Phase Equilibrium and Phase Diagram of the Ternary System（MgCl2 + MgB2O4 + H2O） at 288 and 298 K

1 Introduction The brines with high concentrations of magnesium and boron resources are widely distributed in the Qaidam Basin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau,China(Zheng&Tang,1988).Although some works on the ternary system

The Room Temperature Section of the Phase Diagram of Co-Ge-Sn Ternary System

The room temperature section of the phase diagram of Co-Ge-Sn ternary system has been determined by means of X-ray powder diffraction method.The section determined consists of 12 single-phases,22 two-phase regions,and 11 three-phase re- gions.Two new phases,called δ and η respectively in this paper,have been found.The former is a binary phase with invariable composition(80.46at%Sn)corresponding to formula CoSn_4,and the latter is a ternary phase occuping a homogenous range.The experimental data also show that Co_2Ge phase has a smaller region than that in Ref.1,2,while β-Sn,Ge,CoSn,CoSn_2 and Co_2Ge_3 are phases with invariable compositions.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL TOPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF Nd-Fe-B AND Pr-Fe-B PHASE DIAGRAMS

With the aid of 3-dimensional topological analysis methodology,relationships among phage regions on the isothermal section of the Nd-Fe-B phase diagram at 1000℃ and those on vertical sections of the Pr-Fe-B phase diagram passing through Pr_2 Fe_(14)B point have been re-discussed and modified.

CALCULATION OF NaCl-BaCl_2-SrCl_2 PHASE DIAGRAM

The mathematical formulas are given for calculating the partial molar thermodynamic proper- ties in a ternary system from its three corresponding binary systems based on the new ternary symmetric model presented by the authors in the foregoing paper.Applying this model to NaCl-BaCl_2-SrCl_2 system,the phase diagram of which as well as some isothermal sections have been calculated.The devations of temperature between the calculated and experimen- tal diagrams are less than five degrees.

Improvement of porous polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluropropylene hollow fiber membranes for sweeping gas membrane distillation of ethylene glycol solution

Porous polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluropropylene(PVDF-HFP)hollow fiber membranes were fabricated through a wet spinning process.In order to improve the membrane structure,composition of the polymer solution was adjusted by studying ternary phase diagrams of polymer/solvent/non-solvent.The prepared membranes were used for sweeping gas membrane distillation(SGMD)of 20 wt% ethylene glycol(EG)aqueous solution.The membranes were characterized by different tests such as N2 permeation,overall porosity,critical water entry pressure(CEPw),water contact angle and collapsing pressure.From FESEM examination,addition of 3 wt% glycerol in the PVDF-HFP solution,produced membranes with smaller finger-likes cavities,higher surface porosity and smaller pore sizes.Increasing the polymer concentration up to 21 wt% resulted in a dense spongy structure which could significantly reduce the N2 permeance.The membrane prepared by 3 wt% glycerol and 17 wt% polymer demonstrated an improved structure with mean pore size of 18 nm and a high surface porosity of 872 m^−1.CEPw of 350 kPa and overall porosity of 84% were also obtained for the improved membrane.Collapsing pressure of the membranes relatively improved by increasing the polymer concentration.From the SGMDtest,the developed membrane represented a maximumpermeate flux of 28 kg·m^−2·h^−1 which is almost 19% higher than the flux of plain membrane.During 120 h of a long-termSGMD operation,a gradual flux reduction of 30% was noticed.In addition,EG rejection reduced from 100% to around 99.5% during 120 h of the operation.

Synthesis and Characterization of <i>Citrus limonum</i>Essential Oil Based Nanoemulsion and Its Enhanced Antioxidant Activity with Stability for Transdermal Application

Lemon oil (LO), also known as Citrus limonum is a highly volatile essential oil (EO) with potential therapeutic properties like anti-oxidative, anti-proliferative, anti-fungal and anti-cancerous. However, the efficacy of LO is limited due to its physiological factors such as high volatility, poor stability (particularly sensitive to sunlight) and quick degradability upon exposure. To overcome these challenges, we formulated lemon oil loaded nanoemulsion system (LO-NE) (oil-in-water), using aqueous titration method. The formulation comprised of lemon oil (LO), Tween 80 and ethanol as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant phases respectively. The existence zone of NE was established by constructing pseudo-ternary phase diagrams using different concentrations of LO, surfactant and co-surfactant (Smix). The quantitative estimation of LO was performed using a high throughput gas chromatography, revealing the presence of various compounds like Limonene, Alpha-Pinene and Linalyl acetate followed by the estimation of total phenolics and flavonoid content. The characterization of LO-NE indicated the particle size of 60 ± 2.5 nm along with the polydispersity index of 0.125 and zeta potential of −14.9 mV. The size range of the NE particles dispersed in the colloidal system was further verified by TEM micrograph which shows size range between 46.2 - 104.7 nm. All the anti-oxidant assays outcomes exhibited the higher activity of LO-NE in comparison to LO alone with lower IC50 values. The release kinetics statistical data showed that LO-NE had a sustained release and followed the Higuchi’s model in comparison to burst release of LO alone. Lastly, the stability analysis of the optimised formulation (LO-NE) and LO was estimated through antioxidant assay and subjecting them for thermodynamic stability after 6 months. The results attained, showed higher stability and anti-oxidant capability of LO-NE than LO alone. The study suggested that formulated nanoemulsion can be effectively used as a highly efficacious biologically active alternative nanoformulation against many transdermal disorders.

Isothermal section of Gd-Sm-Co ternary system at 773K

The isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Gd-Sm-Co ternary system at 773 K was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, differential thermal analysis （DTA）, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） techniques. The result shows that the isothermal section consists of 12 single-phase regions, 16 two-phase regions and 5 three-phase regions. Five pairs of corresponding compounds of Gd-Co and Sin-Co systems, i.e., Gd2Co17 and Sm2Co^7, Gd2Co7 and Sm2Co7, GdCo3 and SmC03, GdCo： and SmCo：, Gd3Co and Sm3Co form continuous series of solid solutions. The maximum solid solubility of Sm in Gd4Co3 arid Gdl2Co7 were about 7.2 at.% and 47.8 at.% Sm, respectively. The maximum solid solubility of Gd in Sm5Col9 and SmsCo2 were about 4.7 at.% and 7.6 at.% Gd, respectively. The binary compounds Sm9Co4, GdCos and SmCo5 were not observed at 773 K. No ternary compound was found.