Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures, the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done, feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.

Development and Test of Hydrostatic Extraction Scheme in Spectral Model

The introduction of 'hydrostatic extraction' scheme, or 'standard stratification approximation', into spectral model gained some advantages compared with commonly used schemes. However, computational instability may occur for high vertical resolution versions if the stratification parameter C0 taken as a constant. In this paper, the possible cause leading to the instability is discussed and an improved scheme presented where C0 is generalized to be a function of both height and latitudes. Hence the reference atmosphere gets closer to the real atmosphere and the temperature deviation field to be expanded becomes smoother everywhere. Test by real case forecasts shows good computational stability of the new scheme and better prediction performance than-usual schemes of spectral model.

An Improvement of the Mass Flux Convection Parameterization Scheme and its Sensitivity Tests for Seasonal Prediction over China

A modified cumulus parameterization scheme, suitable for use in a seasonal forecast model, is presented. This parameterization scheme is an improvement of the mass flux convection scheme developed by Gregory and Rowntree (1989; 1990). This convection scheme uses a 'bulk' cloud model to present an ensemble of convective clouds, and aims to represent shallow, deep, and mid-level convection. At present, this convection scheme is employed in the NCC T63L20 model (National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration). Simulation results with this scheme have revealed some deficiencies in the scheme, although to some extent, it improves the accuracy of the simulation. In order to alleviate the deficiencies and reflect the effect of cumulus convection in the actual atmosphere, the scheme is modified and improved. The improvements include (i) the full estimation of the effects of the large-scale convergence in the lower layer upon cumulus convection, (ii) the revision of the initial convective mass flux, and (iii) the regulation of convective-scale downdrafts. A comparison of the results obtained by using the original model and the modified one shows that the improvement and modification of the original convection scheme is successful in simulating the precipitation and general circulation field, because the modified scheme provides a good simulation of the main features of seasonal precipitation in China, and an analysis of the anomaly correlation coefficient between the simulation and the observations confirms the improved results.

Using a Modified Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Scheme (MSPAS) to Study the Sensitivity of Land Surface and Boundary Layer Processes to Soil and Vegetation Conditions

A series of sensitivity tests are performed to test the stability and sensibility of the Modified Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Scheme (MSPAS), which was wholly introduced in a previous paper. The numerical simulation results from the experiments show good agreement with physical reality. Besides, some of the results are illuminating. Together with the first paper, it is concluded that MSPAS is a simple but effective model, and it is practically valuable in the research work of desertification control and reforestation in China.

钢壳沉管隧道耐火极限标准与防火保护技术研究——以深中通道沉管隧道为例

为提高我国超大断面钢壳沉管隧道火灾防控水平,以深中通道海底沉管隧道为例,采用热力耦合模拟和材性试验等方法开展钢壳沉管隧道耐火极限标准研究,考虑到龙骨、拼缝等防火构造薄弱环节,进行管节结构和管节接头耐火试验,并提出相应的防火保护技术方案。主要结论如下:1)管节结构的耐火极限标准为火灾时,应将结构内侧钢壳最高温度控制在300℃以内;2)OMEGA橡胶管节接头的耐火极限标准为OMEGA橡胶超过70℃的时间小于2 h,超过100℃的时间小于1 h,且最高温度不得超过150℃;3)GINA橡胶管节接头的耐火极限标准为GINA橡胶超过100℃的时间小于1 h,且最高温度不得超过150℃;4)管节结构可采用35 mm单层防火板L型拼缝,对接面涂热膨胀胶;5)管节接头可采用35 mm防火板+50 mm陶瓷纤维毯双层防火保护体系,龙骨自由端取500 mm,拼缝处采用防火胶封堵。

馆舍-展柜-文物耦合体系振动台试验方案设计

为获取馆藏文物震害数据并开展文物防震保护研究,设计了一个3层单跨钢框架结构模型用于振动台试验。选择8度小震、中震和大震地震动,分别进行单向、双向和三向地震动试验,分析了不同地面材质对浮放展柜和隔震展柜以及展柜内浮放文物地震反应的影响。基于试验对象和试验目的,从振动台试验方案设计的角度探讨了结构模型设计、展柜布置、文物选择与布置、传感器选型与布设、地震波加载工况等因素对试验效果的影响。该试验方案设计为顺利完成馆舍-展柜-文物体系的振动台试验提供了保障,设计中的经验与教训可为以后开展类似的大型振动台试验提供借鉴。初步分析试验结果显示,浮放展柜在水平单向地震动激励下的运动状态不仅局限于水平运动,相同高宽比的不规则文物与规则木块之间的运动状态存在显著差异。

制导控制系统半实物仿真总体方案设计及集成联试

半实物仿真作为一个大型分布式仿真系统,其总体方案的设计优劣和集成联试的是否顺利,直接影响了系统性能指标的表现和建设目标的实现。归纳总结了总体方案设计的工作内容,分析了实时性、兼容性、扩展性和安全性的性能要求;给出了包括功能层次、运行机制和结构组成在内的典型半实物仿真系统总体方案;概括了仿真系统的集成联试内容,总结了典型系统的集成联试步骤,给出了系统验收测试的内容和系统可信度评估方法。

Water Flow and Sediment Flux Forecast in the ChókwèIrrigation Scheme, Mozambique

This study sought to forecast water flow and sediment flux in the scheme as potential contributions for improved management in the Chókwè Irrigation Scheme (CIS). Fieldwork data was collected during dry (DS) and wet (WS) seasons. Flow measurement was performed at 9 stations using a calibrated flow meter OTT C31. Water flow and sediment flux from 2004 to 2019 were used. Hydrodynamic forecast simulations were performed using Mann-Kendall test and ARIMA model for determination of temporal trends. Findings suggest higher values during DS for water discharge and sediment flux. Mann-Kendall test for sediment discharge trends was not significant at 95% significance level, except for the Offtake in WS. ARIMA test for the sediment discharges, at the Intake, for DS and WS, sediments were well described by the ARIMA model and gave a good result for the sediments. Good fit between the observed and the predicted ARIMA model was found. ARIMA model for sediment discharge at CIS based on AIC has a good fit for AR (p = 1), whereby, at the Intake the ARIMA p-value was 0.822 and 0.932, for WS and DS, respectively. Whilst in the Offtake, the ARIMA p-value was 0.877 and 0.893, respectively. These results can be used to improve the CIS management, both for water flow and sediment flux.

导弹环境例行试验样本量优化研究

经过多批次生产后,产品工艺和质量控制逐渐完善成熟,作为检验批产质量稳定性的重要手段,环境例行试验的抽样比例应适当减小,在保证检验质量的前提下可减少产品消耗、缩短检验周期、减少试验资源占用。目前,导弹例行试验抽样方案多是借鉴前期产品,且一旦确定不再调整。在分析导弹例行试验抽样不能套用GJB 179A后,借鉴GJB 179A和GB/T 2828.1对于连续批抽样检验调整的理念,依据GB/T 26823和导弹环境例行试验条件,参考美国等的做法,提出了基于信用原则的例行试验抽样方案,即连续几批例行试验成功后,后续批例行试验样本量可减少。

泛塞圈在深冷球阀中的应用

介绍了泛塞圈的发展历史、主要的应用领域、泛塞圈中金属弹簧和塑料夹套的材料选择以及泛塞圈的结构组成和工作原理、泛塞圈零件结构优化等内容。针对应用在深冷球阀中不同部位处的泛塞圈提出了最优结构型式建议。介绍了泛塞圈在深冷球阀单活塞、双活塞的密封要求下的选用方法,并详细说明了泛塞圈在活塞壳体内、孔洞壳体内以及敞口式沟槽中的安装方式。同时对泛塞圈在不同部位的安装过程中可能出现的问题以及使用过程中的问题进行了总结归纳,提出了新型的泛塞圈安装方案以及性能测试方案,通过与传统方案进行对比,为后续深冷工况用泛塞圈的选用、安装、测试提供参考。

装配式型钢混凝土复合墙抗震性能研究

为研究铸钢节点连接装配式型钢混凝土复合墙的破坏机理和抗震性能,对1∶2缩尺的型钢混凝土复合墙试件进行了拟静力试验,通过改变墙体的内置型钢类型,对比分析其在低周往复荷载作用下的破坏过程、破坏模式、滞回特性、抗剪承载力、变形能力、墙体损伤以及耗能能力等,试验结果表明:焊接结构用铸钢节点强度和刚度大、安全性高,可以应用于型钢混凝土复合墙的现场装配式连接中;型钢混凝土复合墙均发生整体剪切破坏,其抗剪承载力、耗能和变形能力较钢筋混凝土复合墙均有较大程度的提高.结合工程实际,给出了型钢混凝土复合墙的现场装配方案.

高速铁路CTC系统试验方案探讨

CTC系统是高速铁路调度指挥的中枢,具有规模庞大及功能复杂等特点。因此,为其制定一套严谨且系统的开通试验方案至关重要。文章对比分析了CTC系统试验与微机联锁试验在步骤、内容、方法及原则上的差异,深入剖析了高速铁路CTC系统试验方案的6大要素。此外,文章结合具体案例进一步探讨了如何设计出更具实操性的试验表格,旨在为现场各级技术管理人员提供详尽、有益的参考。

Implementation of a Conservative Two-step Shape-Preserving Advection Scheme on a Spherical Icosahedral Hexagonal Geodesic Grid

An Eulerian flux-form advection scheme, called the Two-step Shape-Preserving Advection Scheme （TSPAS）, was generalized and implemented on a spherical icosahedral hexagonal grid （also referred to as a geodesic grid） to solve the transport equation. The C grid discretization was used for the spatial discretization. To implement TSPAS on an unstructured grid, the original finite-difference scheme was further generalized. The two-step integration utilizes a combination of two separate schemes （a low-order monotone scheme and a high-order scheme that typically cannot ensure monotonicity） to calculate the fluxes at the cell walls （one scheme corresponds to one cell wall）. The choice between these two schemes for each edge depends on a pre-updated scalar value using slightly increased fluxes. After the determination of an appropriate scheme, the final integration at a target cell is achieved by summing the fluxes that are computed by the different schemes. The conservative and shape-preserving properties of the generalized scheme are demonstrated. Numerical experiments are conducted at several horizontal resolutions. TSPAS is compared with the Flux Corrected Transport （FCT） approach to demonstrate the differences between the two methods, and several transport tests are performed to examine the accuracy, efficiency and robustness of the two schemes.

某600MW亚临界机组20%深度调峰技术方案应用探讨

新型电力系统中煤电将是最重要的调节性电源,越来越多的煤电机组将参与深度调峰。现有机组普遍面临低负荷时锅炉稳燃、受热面超温、脱硝投入、汽机安全性等问题不能实现深度调峰。对国内某600 MW亚临界机组进行了深度调峰摸底试验,得到了制约机组实现20%负荷深度调峰的瓶颈。针对瓶颈,为实现20%深度调峰,提出了锅炉侧燃烧器优化、磨煤机分离器改造、送风机改造、水平烟道吹灰优化,汽机侧辅助蒸汽系统改造,控制侧逻辑优化等技术方案。

新型装配式无砟轨道设计方案理论与试验研究

为适应城市轨道交通铺设装配式无砟轨道的发展趋势,克服传统现浇整体道床混凝土浇筑量较大等缺点,提出一种新型装配式无砟轨道结构设计方案,采用理论分析与试验测试相结合的方法,建立轨道系统有限元精细化分析模型和室内实尺试验模型,对城市轨道交通新型装配式无砟轨道力学响应开展理论分析和试验研究。研究表明:新型装配式无砟轨道在列车荷载作用下轨道板最大拉应力为0.696 MPa,最大位移为0.04 mm;静载试验中轨道结构应变随着垂向静荷载增大呈线性增加趋势,在510 kN垂向加载力作用下轨道板最大压应变为38.4με,卸载后残余变形很小,未出现明显塑性变形,结构承载能力满足要求;疲劳试验中随着疲劳加载次数增加,轨道板混凝土和钢筋应变在较小范围内变化,钢筋变化最大幅值为3με,混凝土最大变化幅值为10με,结构未见裂缝,抗疲劳性能良好;轨道结构加速度和位移峰值从上往下逐层递减,衰减效果显著;结构第一阶主频为70 Hz,与车辆系统频率相差较大,不会产生共振。

基于《量表》的英语口语测试开发及效度验证研究

《中国英语能力等级量表》(以下简称《量表》)为我国各学段的英语教、学、评实践提供了理论指导。基于《量表》中口语分量表的口头表达能力描述框架及相应分量表三级到六级的描述语,开发面向西部某高校非英语专业新生的入学后英语口语测试及评分标准,并基于Weir的社会-认知效度验证理论开展多项效度研究。结果表明:《量表》的口语能力描述语对口语测试能力构念的界定和评分标准的研制具有较好的指导作用;基于《量表》开发的口语测试能够准确评估学生的口语水平;基于该测试的口语评定对学生后续英语课程的学业成绩具有良好的预测性。

特高压直流输电系统可控自恢复消能装置用慢速机械开关研制

慢速机械开关是特高压直流输电系统可控自恢复消能装置中重要的开关设备,在装置中起到控制和保护用,其必须具备短时间快速合闸、可靠开断避雷器残余直流持续电流的能力。介绍了慢速机械开关的方案设计、核心部件设计和校核以及型式试验,最终研制成功了慢速机械开关。

一种基于全局敏感性分析的气井产能测试制度优化设计方法

利用全局敏感性分析方法设计气井产能测试方案时,首先选取所有不确定的储层参数作为敏感参数,并设定其可能性范围;利用Sobol序列实现各敏感参数的随机取值和组合,并生成所有组合的井底流入动态样本曲线;然后针对样本曲线中每个流压位置的产量与敏感参数的对应关系,计算所有敏感参数对产量的全局影响指数,最终得到不同流压下各参数对产能的影响权重和变化趋势。计算结果显示:地层压力p_(r)、非达西流系数D、测试开井时间t等参数的影响指数在特定流压范围明显占优。对目标区气井井底流入动态的全局敏感性分析,可定量化判断某个参数在不同工作制度下对产量的影响程度,指导气井产能测试制度设计和优化。

某既有建筑加固基桩竖向抗压静载试验方案对比分析及优化

该文根据既有建筑加固工程新增基桩工程现场实际情况,通过对堆载法、锚桩法及自平衡法几种常规竖向抗压静载试验的对比分析、方案优化及其在本工程中应用可行性的探讨,针对该工程既有建筑结构布置的合理利用提出了结合了锚桩+类似堆载的静载试验方法、称为结构自重法,并制定了高效可行的检测方案,为工程质量提供可靠的保障,并为工程实践提供一定的建议和依据。