Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), the predominant type of primary liver cancer, is one of the most serious lifethreatening malignancies, worldwide. In majority of the cases, HCC develops after prolonged and persistent ch...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), the predominant type of primary liver cancer, is one of the most serious lifethreatening malignancies, worldwide. In majority of the cases, HCC develops after prolonged and persistent chronic liver disease. hepatitis B virus(HBV) or HCV infection is prominent etiological factors, attributing to this condition. It has been well documented that HBV, being the inducer of chronic inflammation, is the main causative agent in causing HCC, particularly in Asian countries. The HBV infection leads to a wide range of clinical symptoms from carrier state to malignancy. Cytokines being immune-modulatory molecules, are the key mediators in the defense mechanism against viral infection. In this regard, this review will detail the substantial role of key Th1: interleukin 1(IL-1), IL-2, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ; Th2: IL-4, IL-10 and non Th1/Th2: IL-6, transforming growth factor-β1 cytokines genotypes in analyzing the variability in the clinical manifestations in an HBV-afflicted individual, which might finally, culminates into HCC. Since cytokine production is regulated genetically, the cytokine promoter region single-nucleotide polymorphisms induced changes, greatly affects the cytokine production, thus resulting into differential outcome of immune balance.展开更多
BACKGROUND The connection between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and colorectal cancer(CRC)is well-established,as persistent intestinal inflammation plays a substantial role in both disorders.Cytokines may further inf...BACKGROUND The connection between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and colorectal cancer(CRC)is well-established,as persistent intestinal inflammation plays a substantial role in both disorders.Cytokines may further influence the inflammation and the carcinogenesis process.AIM To compare cytokine patterns of active IBD patients with early and advanced CRC.METHODS Choosing a panel of cytokines crucial for Th17/Treg differentiation and behavior,in colon specimens,as mRNA biomarkers,and their serum protein levels.RESULTS We found a significant difference between higher gene expression of FoxP3,TGFb1,IL-10,and IL-23,and approximately equal level of IL-6 in CRC patients in comparison with IBD patients.After stratification of CRC patients,we found a significant difference in FoxP3,IL-10,IL-23,and IL-17A mRNA in early cases compared to IBD,and IL-23 alone in advanced CRC.The protein levels of the cytokines were significantly higher in CRC patients compared to IBD patients.CONCLUSION Our findings showed that IL-6 upregulation is essential for both IBD and CRC development until the upregulation of other Th17/Treg related genes(TGFb1,IL-10,IL-23,and transcription factor FoxP3)is a crucial primarily for CRC development.The significantly upregulated IL-6 could be a potential drug target for IBD and prevention of CRC development as well.展开更多
Selenium （Se） is an essential trace element. Autoimmune thyroid diseases （AITD） are destructive inflammatory or anti-receptor autoimmune diseases characterized by reactivity to self-thyroid antigens. However, the ...Selenium （Se） is an essential trace element. Autoimmune thyroid diseases （AITD） are destructive inflammatory or anti-receptor autoimmune diseases characterized by reactivity to self-thyroid antigens. However, the effects of Se on the cytokines in AITD are still unclear. So we researched the role of Selenium （Se） and Thl/Th2 cytokine productions in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases （AITD）.展开更多
In our previous study,we found that Shoutai pills could improve the embryo implantation rate as well as the levels of estrogen,progesterone and estrogen receptor in rats with stimulated ovulation.However,the mechanism...In our previous study,we found that Shoutai pills could improve the embryo implantation rate as well as the levels of estrogen,progesterone and estrogen receptor in rats with stimulated ovulation.However,the mechanism is not clear.This study was designed to investigate the effect of Shoutai pills on the levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in rats with stimulated ovulation and the mechanism.The rat model of stimulated ovulation was established by combined injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin(PMSG)and human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG).Then the rats were randomly divided into model group(M),Shoutai pills group(S),progesterone group(P)and normal group(N).All the pregnant rats were treated from the first day.The S and P groups were administrated with gavage of Shoutai pills and injection of progesterone respectively,and N and M groups were given the same volume of normal saline and distilled water respectively.After treatment for 7 days,the animals were executed for serum and uterine tissues.The ELISA method was adopted to detect the contents of Thl cytokines[interferon-γ(INF-γ),interleukin-2(IL-2)]and Th2 cytokines(IL-4,IL-6,IL-10).The expression of leukemia inhibitory factor(L1F)and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor(LIFR)was detected by Western blotting and real-time PCR.As compared with N group,the expression levels of IFN-y and IL-2 in M group were significantly increased,and those of IL-4,IL-6,IL-10.LIF and LIFR were significantly decreased(P<0.05).As compared with M group,the levels of IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,LIF and LIFR in S group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and those of IFN-γand IL-2 were significantly decreased(P<0.05).It was suggested that Shoutai pills can increase the levels of IL-4.1L-6,IL-10,LIF and LIFR as well as reduce the levels of INF-γand IL-2 in rats with stimulated ovulation.The Shoutai pills may improve endometrial receptivity and promote embryo implantation by maintaining the balanee of Th1/Th2 cytokines.展开更多
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), the predominant type of primary liver cancer, is one of the most serious lifethreatening malignancies, worldwide. In majority of the cases, HCC develops after prolonged and persistent chronic liver disease. hepatitis B virus(HBV) or HCV infection is prominent etiological factors, attributing to this condition. It has been well documented that HBV, being the inducer of chronic inflammation, is the main causative agent in causing HCC, particularly in Asian countries. The HBV infection leads to a wide range of clinical symptoms from carrier state to malignancy. Cytokines being immune-modulatory molecules, are the key mediators in the defense mechanism against viral infection. In this regard, this review will detail the substantial role of key Th1: interleukin 1(IL-1), IL-2, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ; Th2: IL-4, IL-10 and non Th1/Th2: IL-6, transforming growth factor-β1 cytokines genotypes in analyzing the variability in the clinical manifestations in an HBV-afflicted individual, which might finally, culminates into HCC. Since cytokine production is regulated genetically, the cytokine promoter region single-nucleotide polymorphisms induced changes, greatly affects the cytokine production, thus resulting into differential outcome of immune balance.
基金Supported by the Medical University of Sofia,No.22.2012-2013Trakia University of Stara Zagora,No.1.2016 and No.2.2017.
文摘BACKGROUND The connection between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and colorectal cancer(CRC)is well-established,as persistent intestinal inflammation plays a substantial role in both disorders.Cytokines may further influence the inflammation and the carcinogenesis process.AIM To compare cytokine patterns of active IBD patients with early and advanced CRC.METHODS Choosing a panel of cytokines crucial for Th17/Treg differentiation and behavior,in colon specimens,as mRNA biomarkers,and their serum protein levels.RESULTS We found a significant difference between higher gene expression of FoxP3,TGFb1,IL-10,and IL-23,and approximately equal level of IL-6 in CRC patients in comparison with IBD patients.After stratification of CRC patients,we found a significant difference in FoxP3,IL-10,IL-23,and IL-17A mRNA in early cases compared to IBD,and IL-23 alone in advanced CRC.The protein levels of the cytokines were significantly higher in CRC patients compared to IBD patients.CONCLUSION Our findings showed that IL-6 upregulation is essential for both IBD and CRC development until the upregulation of other Th17/Treg related genes(TGFb1,IL-10,IL-23,and transcription factor FoxP3)is a crucial primarily for CRC development.The significantly upregulated IL-6 could be a potential drug target for IBD and prevention of CRC development as well.
基金supported by three programs from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (The experimental study on the effect of trace elements iodine and selenium on the autoimmune thyroid disease (No.30571564)The cross-sectional investigation on hypothyroidism induced by excess iodine intake and the experimental research on pathogenesy (No.30972465)The change of thyroid pathology and the levels of T3,T4 in SePP1,GPX3 knock out mice (No.30810103004)
文摘Selenium （Se） is an essential trace element. Autoimmune thyroid diseases （AITD） are destructive inflammatory or anti-receptor autoimmune diseases characterized by reactivity to self-thyroid antigens. However, the effects of Se on the cytokines in AITD are still unclear. So we researched the role of Selenium （Se） and Thl/Th2 cytokine productions in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases （AITD）.
文摘In our previous study,we found that Shoutai pills could improve the embryo implantation rate as well as the levels of estrogen,progesterone and estrogen receptor in rats with stimulated ovulation.However,the mechanism is not clear.This study was designed to investigate the effect of Shoutai pills on the levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in rats with stimulated ovulation and the mechanism.The rat model of stimulated ovulation was established by combined injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin(PMSG)and human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG).Then the rats were randomly divided into model group(M),Shoutai pills group(S),progesterone group(P)and normal group(N).All the pregnant rats were treated from the first day.The S and P groups were administrated with gavage of Shoutai pills and injection of progesterone respectively,and N and M groups were given the same volume of normal saline and distilled water respectively.After treatment for 7 days,the animals were executed for serum and uterine tissues.The ELISA method was adopted to detect the contents of Thl cytokines[interferon-γ(INF-γ),interleukin-2(IL-2)]and Th2 cytokines(IL-4,IL-6,IL-10).The expression of leukemia inhibitory factor(L1F)and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor(LIFR)was detected by Western blotting and real-time PCR.As compared with N group,the expression levels of IFN-y and IL-2 in M group were significantly increased,and those of IL-4,IL-6,IL-10.LIF and LIFR were significantly decreased(P<0.05).As compared with M group,the levels of IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,LIF and LIFR in S group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and those of IFN-γand IL-2 were significantly decreased(P<0.05).It was suggested that Shoutai pills can increase the levels of IL-4.1L-6,IL-10,LIF and LIFR as well as reduce the levels of INF-γand IL-2 in rats with stimulated ovulation.The Shoutai pills may improve endometrial receptivity and promote embryo implantation by maintaining the balanee of Th1/Th2 cytokines.
