1980—1990年代诗歌场域与诗学论题的转变——以出版物为线索

在关于1980—1990年代诗歌发展的表述中,“断裂”的说法和“进步”的叙事都不足以准确而清晰地概括或勾画这两个年代诗歌的关联,必须回到两个年代诗歌的具体情境中,梳理各自的发展线索以及二者在诸种因素的合力下出现的更迭与转变。从两个年代的重要诗歌出版物入手,能够透视这两个年代诗歌的复杂联系及其隐含的种种议题。通过梳理并分析一些关键而被忽视的诗歌出版物及其形成的场域,可以发现:1990年代诗歌既不是与1980年代诗歌“断裂”后的全新开始,也显然绝非对后者的自然接续,二者实际上处于交错、对峙、相互映照的关联中,共同影响了21世纪以来诗歌的走向。

Weakening of Interannual Variability in the Summer East Asian Upper-tropospheric Westerly Jet since the Mid-1990s

In this study,we found that the intensity of interannual variability in the summer upper-tropospheric zonal wind has significantly weakened over Northeast Asia and the subtropical western North Pacific（WNP） since the mid-1990s,concurrent with the previously documented decrease of the westerly jet over North China and Northwest China.Corresponding to this weakening of zonal wind variability,the meridional displacement of the East Asian westerly jet（EAJ） manifested as the leading mode of zonal wind variability over the WNP and East Asia（WNP-EA） before the mid-1990s but not afterward.The energetics of the anomalous pattern associated with the meridional displacement of the EAJ suggests that barotropic energy conversion,from basic flow to anomalous patterns,has led to the weakening of the variability in the EAJ meridional displacement and to a change in the leading dominant mode since the mid-1990s.The barotropic energy conversion efficiently maintained the anomalies associated with the variability in the EAJ meridional displacement during 1979-1993 but acted to dampen the anomalies during 1994-2008.A further investigation of the energetics suggests that the difference in the patterns of the circulation anomaly associated with either the first leading mode or the meridional displacement of the EAJ,i.e.,a southwest-northeast tilted pattern during 1979-1993 and a zonally oriented pattern during 1994-2008,has contributed greatly to the change in barotropic energy conversion.

A Decadal Shift of Summer Surface Air Temperature over Northeast Asia around the Mid-1990s

This study identifies a decadal shift of summer surface air temperature （SAT） over Northeast Asia,including southeastern parts of Russia,Mongolia and northern China,around the mid-1990s.The results suggest that the SAT over the Northeast Asia experienced a significant warming after 1994 relative to that before 1993.This decadal shift also extends to northern China,and leads to a warmer summer over Northeast China and North China after the mid-1990s.The decadal warming over Northeast Asia is found to concur with the enhancement of South China rainfall around the mid-1990s.On the one hand,both the Northeast Asian SAT and South China rainfall exhibit this mid-1990s decadal shift only in summer,but not in other seasons.On the other hand,both the Northeast Asian SAT and South China rainfall exhibit this mid-1990s decadal shift not only in the summer seasonal mean,but also in each month of summer （June,July and August）.Furthermore,the decadal warming is found to result from an anticyclonic anomaly over Northeast Asia,which can be interpreted as the response to the increased precipitation over South China,according to previous numerical results.Thus,we conclude that the warming shift of summer Northeast Asian SAT around the mid-1990s was a remote response to the increased precipitation over South China.

Abrupt Summer Warming and Changes in Temperature Extremes over Northeast Asia Since the Mid-1990s: Drivers and Physical Processes

This study investigated the drivers and physical processes for the abrupt decadal summer surface warming and increases in hot temperature extremes that occurred over Northeast Asia in the mid-1990s. Observations indicate an abrupt increase in summer mean surface air temperature （SAT） over Northeast Asia since the mid-1990s. Accompanying this abrupt surface wanning, significant changes in some temperature extremes, characterized by increases in summer mean daily maximum temperature （Tmax）, daily minimum temperature （Train）, annual hottest day temperature （TXx）, and annual warmest night temperature （TNx） were observed. There were also increases in the frequency of summer days （SU） and tropical nights （TR）. Atmospheric general circulation model experiments forced by changes in sea surface temperature （SST）/sea ice extent （SIE）, anthropogenic greenhouse gas （GHG） concentrations, and anthropogenic aerosol （AA） forcing, relative to the period 1964- 93, reproduced the general patterns of observed summer mean SAT changes and associated changes in temperature extremes, although the abrupt decrease in precipitation since the mid-1990s was not simulated. Additional model experiments with different forcings indicated that changes in SST/SIE explained 76% of the area-averaged summer mean surface warming signal over Northeast Asia, while the direct impact of changes in GHG and AA explained the remaining 24% of the surface warming signal. Analysis of physical processes indicated that the direct impact of the changes in AA （through aerosol- radiation and aerosol-cloud interactions）, mainly related to the reduction of AA precursor emissions over Europe, played a dominant role in the increase in TXx and a similarly important role as SST/SIE changes in the increase in the frequency of SU over Northeast Asia via AA-induced coupled atmosphere-land surface and cloud feedbacks, rather than through a direct impact of AA changes on cloud condensation nuclei. The modelling results also imply that the abrupt summer surface warming and increases in hot temperature extremes over Northeast Asia since the mid-1990s will probably sustain in the next few decades as GHG concentrations continue to increase and AA precursor emissions over both North America and Europe continue to decrease.

Interdecadal Enhancement of the Walker Circulation over the Tropical Pacific in the Late 1990s

The Walker circulation is one of the major components of the large-scale tropical atmospheric circulation and variations in its strength are critical to equatorial Pacific Ocean circulation. It has been argued in the literature that during the 20th century the Walker circulation weakened, and that this weakening was attributable to anthropogenic climate change. By using updated observations, we show that there has been a rapid interdecadal enhancement of the Walker circulation since the late 1990s. Associated with this enhancement is enhanced precipitation in the tropical western Pacific, anomalous westerlies in the upper troposphere, descent in the central and eastern tropical Pacific, and anomalous surface easterlies in the western and central tropical Pacific. The characteristics of associated oceanic changes are a strengthened thermocline slope and an enhanced zonal SST gradient across the tropical Pacific. Many characteristics of these changes are similar to those associated with the mid-1970s climate shift with an opposite sign. We also show that the interdecadal variability of the Walker circulation in the tropical Pacific is inversely correlated to the interdecadal variability of the zonal circulation in the tropical Atlantic. An enhancement of the Walker circulation in the tropical Pacific is associated with a weakening zonal circulation in the tropical Atlantic and vise versa, implying an inter-Atlantic-Pacific connection of the zonal overturning circulation variation. Whether these recent changes will be sustained is not yet clear, but our research highlights the importance of understanding the interdecadal variability, as well as the long-term trends, that influence tropical circulation.

Brief Introduction to the "Catalogue of Recent Chinese Earthquakes (1912～1990, M_S≥4.7)

This paper briefly introduces the principles and methods for compiling the "Catalog of Recent Chinese Earthquakes (1912 ～ 1990, MS≥4.7)." This new catalog is compiled by revising and supplementing the 1983 version of the Catalog of Chinese Earthquakes.

诗人批评家与1990年代以来的诗学建构

1990年代以来,诗人批评家彰显出更为自觉的诗学建构意识,一定程度上影响了汉语诗歌的进程。他们的诗学建构沿着“及内”和“向外”两个向度展开,立足于诗歌本体,也看重写作与时代、现实的互动关系,生成一种既立足自身又向外敞开的诗学观念。他们精心营构个体诗学,又与他者诗学互动共生,实现了“杂语喧哗”的“诗学谐振”。他们进行自我理论建构,用以指导个人写作实践,同时也制定批评标准,用以观照同行人写作,体现出鲜明的自觉性、专业性与创造性。诗人批评家之于1990年代以来诗学的最大意义在于有效性。同时,他们的诗学也会因“圈子化”带来“内行人的偏见”和“深刻的片面性”,以及因拘囿于“语境”和“处境”,而缺少系统性探究和整体性视野的问题。整体上看,诗人批评家和其他类型批评家互通与互补,为汉语新诗发展做出了很大贡献。

The diagnosis for the tropical Pacific Ocean conditions in 1990

In this paper, on the basis of the observational hydrographic data obtained from the eighth cruise of PRC-USA bilateral air-sea interaction program, and combined with the sea surface temperature (SST) charts provided by NOAA, the data obtained from moored thermistor chains supplied by L. J. Mangum and sea level data provided by K. Wyrtki, the ocean conditions since October, 1989 in the western tropical Pacific are exposed, which indicate that 1990 is a year with weak El Nino event similar to the 1980 El Nino event, and the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) has made a good contribution to the propagation of warm water from the Western to the Central and Eastern Pacific, a characteristic similar to that of the 1976 El Nino event. The 1990 weak El Nino event will soon fall into decay.

In Her Mother’s House:Mother-Daughter Dissonance in Post-1990s Chinese American Fiction

This paper attempts to examine the trope of“home”and the depiction of mother-daughter dissonance“in her mother’s house”in post-1990s Chinese American fiction.The research selects four novels in the case study and focuses on how mother-daughter dissonance“in her mother’s house”is presented,what cultural connotations the trope of“home”carries and how they are affected by such extra-contextual factors as racism,sexism and classism.In comparison with two representative mother-daughter narrative works in pre-1990s period,the new characteristics and connotations of“home”in mother-daughter dissonance in post-1990s Chinese American fiction are revealed.

Fertility in China: from the 1970s to the 1990s

The following are synopsis from a paper written by Dr.Gu Baochang entitled the"Interaction of the Social,Economic and Demo-graphic Changes in China*.In his paper,the author makes an overall analysis and comparison of the population trends,dynanics and characteristics of China's population.He attributes the rapid ferility decline in this most populous country to the following factors:the high political commitment from top Chinese leaders,the drastic changes taking place in the socioeconomic structure and the vigorous and effective family planning programme.Existing problems are studied and proposals made for a further fertility decline of population by improving the family planning programme.

Analysis of 1989/1990 main physical fields for air-sea coupled system in the tropical western Pacific

In this paper, the marine ship observation data sets in the seventh (October 16-December 4. 1989) and eighth (June 1-July 16, 1990) cruises of PRC -US tropical ocean and global atmosphere (TOGA) joint scientific investigation in the tropical western Pacific are used to analyze the elements such as sea surface temperature (SST), surface wind field, fluxes and net heat budget, which are important physical parameters of underlying earth's surface influencing the global mean circulation evolution on seasonal and interannual time scales. These diagnostic analyses are very beneficial to the understanding of the regional climate characteristics and the air-sea interaction mechanism, and the improving of surface flux parameterizations and regional or global climate model.

The Second International Conference on HSLA Steels——Beijing,China,October 1990 Organized by THE CHINESE SOCIETY OF METALS

GENERAL INFORMATIONThe Chinese Society of Metals is pleased to announcethat The Second International Conference on HSLASteels (HSLA’90) will be held in Beijing,China inOctober 1990.Much progress in research and devel-opment of HSLA steels has been achieved by theworld’s metallurgical and materials community since

The Second International Conference on HSLA Steels Beijing,China,October 1990 Organized by THE CHINESE SOCIETY OF METALS

GENERAL INFORMATIONThe Chinese Society of Metals is pleased to announcethat The Second International Conference on HSLASteels(HSLA’90)will be held in Beijing,China inOctober 1990.Much progress in research and devel-opment of HSLA steels has been achieved by theworld’s metallurgical and materials community since

Minister Wu Yi On the Development of China's Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation in the 1990s

Minister of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Wu Yi made a report entitled Opportunity and Prospects: Basic Thoughts on the Development of China’s Foreign Trade and Economic Relations in the 1990s to Chinese and foreign participants working in this fields at an international seminar on China’s Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation held in Beijing in mid-May.

TRENDS AND COUNTERMEASURES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY IN THE 1990S

This article describes the trends and countermeasures for the development of computer technology and industry in the 1990s on the basis of changes in two large structures ( i.e. industry structure and product structure), and four guiding technologies (i.e. massively parallel processing technology, high-speed network technology, multimedia technology, and artificial intelligence).

《中国近代地震目录(公元1912～1990年,M_S≥4.7)》简介

《中国近代地震目录（公元１９１２～１９９０年，ＭＳ≥４７）》是国家地震局科技发展司在“八五”期间组织编辑的两册新版中国地震目录中的第二册。本册目录对本世纪初以来中国地震目录做了较为系统、完整、详细的清理和总结，是现有目录的更新版本。本文简要介绍了本目录编制的原则、方法和内容。针对１９８３年版目录，新编目录修改和删除了１６９次地震条目；新增９６０次地震条目；新增等震线图１６６幅。新目录共编入ＭＳ≥４７的地震４２８９次，等震线图３２８幅。

1990s年代际转型前后南海季风系统的季节变化

利用多变量经验正交分解(MV-EOF)等方法,研究了在季节变化尺度上南海季风系统的时空分布特征。结果表明:南海夏季风的爆发时间在1993—1994年前后存在显著的年代际转型,由爆发偏晚转变成爆发偏早。第一模态表现为冬夏反位相的年周期变化,但爆发早年夏季风持续时间略长于爆发晚年,空间上都反映了南海中央海盆区的夏季强降水和850 hPa上南海北部的气旋性环流异常,但夏季风爆发早年中国华南沿海降水加强而南海南部降水偏少。相应的大范围环流场上主要反映了南海夏季风爆发后进入盛夏时节亚太地区大范围的环流特征,南海夏季风爆发偏早年索马里越赤道气流偏强,东亚季风槽位置偏北,爆发偏晚年则相反。第二模态反映了南海季风系统春秋反位相的季节变化,且秋季的振幅更强,空间降水场上对应着秋季华南沿海和南海北部与南海中南部北旱南涝的跷跷板式分布,850 hPa风场上则主要表现为异常的东北季风,该模态时空特征表明南海夏季风爆发偏早年的秋季,冬季风建立也偏早,越南及周边地区的降水偏多。相应的大范围环流场上则主要反映了冬季风的环流特征,在南海夏季风爆发偏早年的秋季,菲律宾以东的热带对流减弱,PJ波列增强,爆发晚年则相反。

β-谷甾醇对人自然杀伤细胞杀伤胰腺癌SW-1990细胞的影响

目的研究β-谷甾醇对人自然杀伤(NK)细胞和人胰腺癌细胞株SW-1990增殖率和功能的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法采用本室建立的专用培养液培养NK细胞。不同浓度的β-谷甾醇作用于NK细胞及胰腺癌SW-1990细胞,四甲基偶氮唑蓝法测定β-谷甾醇对NK细胞及胰腺癌SW-1990细胞生长的影响;流式细胞仪检测胰腺癌SW-1990细胞生长周期和凋亡情况;乳酸脱氢酶法评价经不同浓度β-谷甾醇干预后,NK细胞对胰腺癌SW-1990细胞杀伤活性的变化。结果浓度为1.25～10.00μg/mL的β-谷甾醇作用48h后,NK细胞生长抑制率呈负数,较对照组明显降低(P<0.05),但浓度增加到40～80μg/mL后,NK细胞生长抑制率较对照组显著增高(P<0.05);浓度为10～80μg/mL的β-谷甾醇对胰腺癌SW-1990细胞生长有明显抑制作用(P<0.05);浓度为10μg/mL的β-谷甾醇作用后胰腺癌SW-1990细胞凋亡率为27.18%,较对照组及低浓度组明显增加(P<0.05);β-谷甾醇使SW-1990细胞周期主要停滞于S期;浓度为1.25及2.5μg/mL的β-谷甾醇作用48h后,NK细胞对胰腺癌SW-1990细胞的杀伤活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且在1.25μg/mL时达最高峰(76.3%);当β-谷甾醇浓度大于5μg/mL,NK细胞的杀伤活性随药物浓度的增加逐渐下降。结论β-谷甾醇能够有效提高NK细胞对胰腺癌SW-1990细胞的杀伤能力。

^(125)I粒子持续照射对Sw1990及Panc-1细胞生物学效应的影响

目的采用125I粒子对胰腺癌细胞Sw1990及Panc-1行体外持续照射,研究其生物学效应,探讨连续照射对胰腺癌细胞增殖、DNA合成、细胞周期及凋亡的影响,并为胰腺癌放射实验细胞的选择提供参考。方法将胰腺癌细胞Sw1990及Panc-1体外培养至对数生长期,行125I粒子持续照射,在初始剂量率为12.13 cGy/h时,分别给予总剂量为0、2、4、6、8 Gy的照射,采用克隆形成实验检测照射后细胞的增殖能力,绘制生存曲线,计算细胞存活率(SF2),检测细胞凋亡率和细胞周期,以及3H-TDR掺入实验探究照射后细胞DNA合成情况。结果经过拟合,计算出Sw1990和Panc-1细胞的SF2值分别为0.766±0.063和0.729±0.045,随着照射剂量增高,两种细胞凋亡率也逐渐升高,Panc-1细胞的最大凋亡率出现在6 Gy,Sw1990出现在8 Gy。G2/M期阻滞分数均逐渐升高,3H-TDR掺入放射量逐渐降低。结论125I持续照射胰腺癌细胞时,细胞凋亡及G2/M期阻滞是抑制细胞增殖的主要原因,在剂量为0、2、4、6、8 Gy时,Sw1990及Panc-1细胞生物学效应差异无统计学意义。