The Islamic Studies in China:Research in the Field of History

A history of the Islamic studies in China,not only includes studies on world Islam,it also includes research on Islam and Muslims in China.Before the Reform and Opening Up,China did not achieve much in this field,since then,the research field of Islam and Muslim in China has been expanding and the results have been published,forming a new trend.In this field,scholars such as Jin Yijiu,Li Xinghua,Qin Huibin,Zhou Guoli,Sha Qiuzhen,Zhou Xiefan,Wu Yungui,and Yang Huaizhong have made the most outstanding achievements.Especially in the collation of reference books and historical materials,in the past 20 years,The Encyclopedia of the history of Islam,The Chinese Encyclopedia of Islam have emerged,and the Chinese and World Encyclopedia of Islamic Law and other important historical books have been published.This paper focuses on the field of historical research and divided into academic research history at home and abroad,which is discussed from several fields such as general history,special history,national history,and regional history.

The Earliest Translations of Chinese Fiction into English Focus on The General History of China

The first works of Chinese vernacular fiction available in the West were published 1735,when the French Jesuit Jean-Baptiste Du Halde compiled translations of three pieces of Chinese vernacular fiction from Jingu qiguan(Marvels Ancient and Modern).These were later translated into English in The General History of China(1736)edited by John Watts.The three stories are"Lu Dalang gives money to re-unite his family","Zhuangzi bangs a drum and becomes an immortal",and"The bad servant sues his master because of a private grudge".The stories are framed by a dual purpose:they were a means to understand the nature of Chinese society,and they were also a pivot in the changing views of China.The moral content of the stories is played out in ambiguous ways,varying between simplistic moral lessons of good and bad rewards for good and bad deeds,and a more amoral tone.

Revise and Statistical Analysis of the Alien Press Errors in History of Chinese Journalism by Ko Kung-chen

Since Ko Kung-chen published History of Chinese Journalism with Shanghai Commercial Press in 1927,this work had been published by different publishing houses and reprinted many times amounting to 18 editions.There are many historical narrative and fact errors of alien press in this work,and up to date these errors are not revised.This essay aims to revise the omitted errors of alien press in History of Chinese Journalism systematically besides those corrected by other works or essays,and carry on the statistical analysis of the errors to probe new approach for the study of alien periodicals and press in China.

Seven Decades of China's Fiscal Modernization

After its founding in 1949,the People’s Republic of China'started to modernize its fiscal system-an essential part of its broader modernization drive.Its unified and wellfunctioning fiscal system supported the stability of the nascent government,and helped stabilize the economy and restore public order after then.In the era of the planned economy,public finance in the country was put at the service of economic plans while striving to reach a fiscal equilibrium,which was of great significance at that time.Economic equilibrium,including fiscal,credit and material equilibrium,was perceived as a manifestation of macroeconomic stability.Problems encountered during the era of the planned economy led to the launch of a reform and opening-up program-a brilliant chapter in modern Chinese history.The Third Plenum of the 11th CPC Central Committee marks a brand-new era of reform and opening-up.In this transformative period,China’s fiscal system was initially decentralized to keep abreast of its“planned commodity economy.”After the goal of socialist market economic reform was announced in 1992,China’s fiscal reforms embarked on a fast track.As China'strived to build a public finance system compatible with a socialist market economic system,fiscal reforms took place and fiscal policy played a more important role in macroeconomic regulation.The Third Plenum of the 18th CPC Central Committee held in November 2013 set the goal of the reform to establish a modern fiscal system.Afterwards,China deepened its fiscal reforms,focusing on budget management,taxation and reform of central-local fiscal relations.

Water and the History of China

Water is the source of all life, and is closely related to human civilization. It had a special significance in China, so the ancient Chinese created the dragon god as a symbol of China, the Chinese and Chinese civilization. It can be said that the unique hydrological conditions on the territory of China created three great historical miracles： China, the Chinese people, and Chinese civilization. The Chinese have dedicated more effort than people in any other countries to water control and water use in order to make effective use of water resources and prevent flooding. It is their unparalleled achievements that have laid the foundation for these three miracles. Today, the Chinese people are facing unprecedented challenges in water control and water use. Exploring the historical Chinese relationship with water offers a good opportunity to understand the important role that water plays in long-term social development.

The Social Responsibility of Chinese Scholars of World History： Zhongguo Shehui Kexue and the Study of World History in the New Era

Modem Chinese study of world history began in the middle of the nineteenth century and was closely related to the main theme of the times, that of saving the nation from subjugation and ensuring its survival. Its chief feature was that it was attuned to the pulse of the times; in all historical periods, the main current of its research has never deviated from the main theme of the times, showing a strong sense of responsibility to society. Under the new historical conditions of reform and opening up, this sense of social responsibility should be reflected in fundamental adherence to the direction of serving the people and socialism.

On the Production of A Cultural History of Imagery in China, a Hundred-Volume Work

The series of A Cultural History of lmagery m China （100 vols.） does not treat images as a point of departure just for language, or the relationship between images and language. Rather, the editors focus on the descriptions, analyses, and interpretations of images in order to decode the formal aspects of ＂meanings＂ and the signification of ＂images in China＂ by analyzing their construction The series stresses ＂culture＂ in the broadest sense to reconsider the value of images from the angle of civilizations.

In terview | Anthoine Cid (France):My Love for China is Not Superficial

Anthoine Cid, an excellent student from China Cultural Center in Paris, loves the Chinese poetry, which has deeply attracted him with the sense of rhythm and profound connotation. He loves the Chinese songs, whose harmonious melody can express his love for China. He also loves the Chinese history. He thinks that China has a long history, which has brought up China today.

重写文明史:建构中国自主知识体系的底座

中国自古便有完整的哲学体系、文论体系、史学体系、艺术体系、教育体系、医学体系、科学技术体系以及其他各个学科的自主知识体系。然而,中国原有的自主知识体系在现当代基本上不被承认。这一问题的根源在文明观,文明观是基础,是自主知识体系的底座。近现代以来支撑各学科知识生产的标准、内涵、体系都建立在西方文明的底座上。文明底座是西方的,所构建的知识体系也就必然唯西是从,直接导致了对中国文明的贬低,对中国知识体系的全盘否定,形成了中国自主知识体系整体性的垮塌,走上了自毁长城之歧途。建构中国自主知识体系,首先要“重塑文明观”,重塑文明观则必须“重写文明史”,再从文明底座上建构哲学、史学、医学、科学技术等各个学科的自主知识体系,重获各学科知识体系本来的“话语权”,向世界呈现“理论中的中国”“创新中的中国”“文明中的中国”,建构自立自强的中国自主知识体系。

美国现代中国文学史书写的美学范式与谱系

自20世纪60年代至今,美国的现代中国文学史书写思想多元,成就斐然。其书写路径最具代表性的是夏志清的新批评美学、许芥昱的政治美学以及王德威的后现代主义美学。不同时期美学范式的变迁反映了中美关系变迁、西方文学理论思潮冲击以及汉学史的内在流变等诸多因素。内外因素交织的历史语境生成了文学性历史与历史性文学的辩证以及解构主义思路。通过考察三位华裔学者不同的美学范式与交叉谱系,可以更好地揭示美国的现代中国文学史书写的整体脉络,为国内文学史研究提供互鉴与交流的跨文化阐释思路。

梁启超的变局观念与史家自觉——以《李鸿章》为中心的考察

《李鸿章》是梁启超“新史学”思想付诸实践的成果,也是晚清思想史上的一项重要标本。梁启超根据进化史观,基于“过渡时代”的视角,纵论李鸿章的生平经历和成败得失,揭示了“世界之中国”时代的历史变迁大势。该书体现了一种新型“史识”和史家自觉,反映了梁启超对晚清士大夫“变局”观的承接和超越。梁著及相关文本开创了一套关于中国近代史的整体贯通论述,对于20世纪中国近代史学术体系的构建具有重要意义和深远影响。

中国式现代化进程中新时期红色文艺的传承与创新

伴随着中国式现代化发展进程,新时期以来的红色文艺一方面传承着此前“经典”红色文艺中时代性、人民性、党的先进性等核心价值理念,一方面又在主题内容、形象塑造、表达方式、风格呈现等方面开创了审美新质。主题内容上紧跟中国式现代化的时代律动,脱贫攻坚、反腐倡廉、抗击疫情等主题拓展了传统“红色文艺”的革命题材边界。形象塑造上既有共产党人的先锋模范式英雄,也涌现出大量的平民化英雄。表达方式上从“个人记忆”的前设视角转化为“集体记忆”的后设视角,使作品具有更宏阔的视野和理论审视的色彩。风格呈现上更具有娱乐性和亲和力,更易打动人心,引起共鸣。尽管新时期以来的“红色文艺”在经典传承中有了诸多创新,但仍存在有待提升的空间,如红色内涵与人性规律、审美规律的契合问题,市场化与艺术化调和的问题等,这是在新的历史考验中需要直面回答的时代问题。

《新疆乡土志稿》所见各民族交往交流交融研究

《新疆乡土志稿》是清末新疆社会的全景透视,其内容记载了新疆各民族的爱国主义情感、人口迁移和经济交往、文化共存和交融状况。系统挖掘和整理《新疆乡土志稿》中各民族交往交流交融的内容,可以提供历史借鉴,夯实铸牢中华民族共同体的历史根基。

西南夷民族文化圈的历史起源和文化互动

相对于中原文化,历史上的西南夷民族文化圈具有独特的文化特质。西南夷民族文化圈与中原文化圈的互动是一个起源悠久、历时漫长的过程,互动的方向始终是民族文化融合,即与中华民族多元一体文化共同体结构的形成和发展是一脉相承的。这种文化的融合为后世王朝国家的西南政治边疆塑造发展准备了厚重的文化积淀。对之进行系统研究,可以为其他区域边疆民族融入中华民族共同体的文化互动研究提供一种新的视角和方法,为西南边疆铸牢中华民族共同体意识探索文化支撑。

尼泊尔汉学的传统与演进

本文通过对中尼两国有关尼泊尔汉学研究文献的深入分析,对中尼交流史以及尼泊尔汉学发展脉络展开详细论述,较为系统地介绍了尼泊尔汉学研究的历史传统与当代演进。得益于两国的历史渊源, 尼泊尔在早期双边关系以及佛教文化往来方面拥有独特优势,这使尼泊尔汉学在萌芽阶段就有了优秀的学 术成果,形成了以历史考察为中心的研究传统。步入 21 世纪后,尼泊尔汉学开始高速发展,关注领域从两 国关系史延伸至中国社会、经济、外交、文化等多个方面,研究方法与视角也更专业。

妥协与对抗:葫芦岛筑港引起的中英铁路债务交涉

1928年12月东北易帜后,为构建独立自主的东北交通体系,张学良与铁道部共同制定葫芦岛筑港计划,以北宁铁路余利作为筑港经费,此举引起英方抗议。中英双方围绕铁路收入余利使用权问题展开多轮交涉,中方为推进筑港工程一度进行妥协,但英商中英公司并不满足,力图彻底解决铁路债务纠纷。中方为完成筑港的既定目标,未再理会英方抗议,遂按照计划开始动工。筑港交涉不仅反映出外国资本与中国近代交通事业发展之间的互动关系,还折射出抗日战争爆发前英国对华关系的调适与发展。

中华民族现代文明的生成逻辑:基于“第二个结合”的历史哲学审视

中华民族现代文明的生成基于中国式现代化的历史实践探索,是马克思主义基本原理同中华优秀传统文化相结合(“第二个结合”)的成果。文章认为中华民族现代文明的生成逻辑不能仅从知性-理论逻辑来揭示,更需要从历史逻辑揭示其辩证的演进路径。即回到中华民族现代文明发端的源头——古今中西之争,然后“还原”这一文明现代发展的历史内在逻辑,从而站在人类“世界历史”的高度评估中华民族现代文明的世界意义。这就是“第二个结合”的历史哲学审视,也是当前亟待推进的。其一,从历史逻辑的起点来看,中华民族现代文明的逻辑起点并非文明内在自然演化的结果,而是在“古今中西之争”双重辩证逻辑中展开的。即一方面要从民族历史走进现代化的世界历史,另一方面又要走出“东方从属西方”的世界历史,这就是“第二个结合”发生的社会历史辩证法。其二,从普遍性“世界历史”的辩证演进来看,中华文明的现代转型是与马克思主义的引入结合在一起的,传统文化在中国特色社会主义道路的现代化历史中巩固了其自身主体性,造就了一个有机统一的新的文化生命体。其三,经由“结合”而形成的新文化的世界历史意义,作为轴心文明时代世界三大文明形态之一的中华文明,在经历了辩证发展的现代世界历史进程之后,最终也将在面向未来的人类文明新形态的构建上展现典范性价值。

北洋大学堂首次体育竞赛考

北洋大学堂既是近代中国本土大学的开端,亦是近代较早开展体育竞赛的官办大学,但学界既有研究成果中并未对北洋大学堂首次校内及校际体育竞赛的举办时间形成统一的认识。基于此,研究运用文献资料法与逻辑分析法,在科学选取检索关键词的基础上,运用中英文近代电子史料数据库,对近代与北洋大学堂体育竞赛有关的史料进行梳理与研判,继而确认北洋大学堂首次校内及校际体育竞赛的举办时间。研究认为:根据现有史料,北洋大学堂首次举办校内体育竞赛的时间是1897年11月27日,比赛设有12个运动项目,共计170余人参与。北洋大学堂首次举办校际体育竞赛的时间是1899年5月20日,比赛设有11个运动项目,参赛学校有北洋大学堂、芦汉铁路学堂与天津水师学堂。同时,鉴于北洋大学堂特殊的历史地位以及首次校内体育竞赛的举办时间,1897年11月27日,由北洋大学堂开展的校内体育竞赛亦可视为近代中国本土大学体育竞赛的开端。

新疆出土织锦及其代表性价值

为探析新疆织锦在我国织锦中的地位和作用,以织锦为研究对象,采用数据统计与文献研究相结合的方法,对我国出土织锦数量、纹样等内容进行统计分析。研究发现,在我国织锦出土地区中,新疆出土织锦最为丰富,且织锦铭文与纹样反映了当时社会思潮与审美风韵,是中华传统吉语文化之微观缩影,代表了中国历代织锦的基因血脉,彰显了中国历代织锦的流彩神韵。该研究旨在深化以新疆织锦为焦点的丝绸之路对中华各民族交往、交流、交融的贡献,从而丰富相关领域的研究成果。

“中国最大的国情就是中国共产党的领导”的唯物史观基础

中国共产党的领导与中国国情演变的深刻互动性,造就了一个“唯物史观-中国共产党-中国”的有机统一生命体,不可逆转地推进了中华民族伟大复兴的历史进程。“中国最大的国情就是中国共产党的领导”原创性命题和标识性话语,丰富并创新了“中国国情”的思想内涵与话语表达,具有深厚的唯物史观哲学基础。该命题集中体现了新时代中国共产党对唯物史观关于社会存在与社会意识前提性要素的坚持、生产力与生产关系动力性规律的遵循、经济基础与上层建筑结构性功能的展现,以及给定性与选择性方法论精髓的吸取,充分彰显了唯物史观的当代生命力。基于唯物史观“前提-动力-结构-方法”的四维阐释,构建“中国最大的国情就是中国共产党的领导”命题的唯物史观基础及其叙事逻辑,有利于进一步树立新时代中国共产党的科学国情观,增进“以中国共产党为方法”和“以中国为方法”的视阈融合,增强中国共产党领导的历史自信与实践自觉,更好地发挥中国特色自主话语体系创新的唯物史观智慧。