A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE INTRODUCTION OF DESCURAINIA SOPHIA, AN OIL PLANT SPECIES FOR INDUSTRIAL USES

The authors had collected some cruciferous oil plants with high linolenic acid content in Sichuan Province. The result of fatty acid analysis had shown that Malcolmia africrma (L.) R. Br. and Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop, have a higher linolenic acid content of 57.37% and 51.38% respectively . Thus they are worthy for further study. Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb. ex Prantl, especially that collected from Hongyuan County, has a high seed oil content of 44.17% , a linolenic acid content of 40.9 % and a high seed yield of 1 264.5 kg/hm2 . It is suggested that this oil plant species can be introduced for industrial utilization.

A Hidden Gem Called Changdao Breathtaking scenery and the islanders’commitment to sustainable living

Changdao Island,a hidden gem in east China’s Shandong Province,features breathtaking nature.As the sun cuddles the horizon,the island’s azure sky provides a flawless backdrop to an exquisite panorama.Jagged cliffs carved by centuries of endless waves stand guard along the shoreline,their rocky silhouettes seemingly frozen in time,summoning ancient majesty.Against this dramatic backdrop,flocks of seagulls take flight,their ivory wings catching the golden hues of the sun,creating an enchanting ballet in the sky.The air is filled with the gentle cries of these graceful birds,enhancing the island’s serenity.This harmonious blend of nature’s elements,from the sapphire sea to the towering cliffs and the mesmerizing flight of seagulls,makes Changdao Island an artistic masterpiece painted by the hand of mother nature herself.

Dimension-Enhanced Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Ion Mobility-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Combined with Intelligent Peak Annotation for the Rapid Characterization of the Multiple Components from Seeds of Descurainia sophia

The complex composition of herbal metabolites necessitates the development of powerful analytical techniques aimed to identify the bioactive components.The seeds of Descurainia sophia(SDS)are utilized in China as a cough and asthma relieving agent.Herein,a dimension-enhanced integral approach,by combining ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/ion mobility-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC/IMQTOF-MS)and intelligent peak annotation,was developed to rapidly characterize the multicomponents from SDS.Good chromatographic separation was achieved within 38 min on a UPLC CSH C18(2.1×100 mm,1.7μm)column which was eluted by 0.1%formic acid in water(water phase)and acetonitrile(organic phase).Collision-induced dissociation-MS^(2)data were acquired by the data-independent high-definition MS^(E)(HDMS^(E))in both the negative and positive electrospray ionization modes.A major components knockout strategy was applied to improve the characterization of those minor ingredients by enhancing the injection volume.Moreover,a self-built chemistry library was established,which could be matched by the UNIFI software enabling automatic peak annotation of the obtained HDMS^(E)data.As a result of applying the intelligent peak annotation workflows and further confirmation process,a total of 53 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized from the SDS,including 29 flavonoids,one uridine derivative,four glucosides,one lignin,one phenolic compound,and 17 others.Notably,four-dimensional information related to the structure(e.g.,retention time,collision cross section,MS^(1)and MS^(2)data)was obtained for each component by the developed integral approach,and the results would greatly benefit the quality control of SDS.

Humanity in Monstrosity: Monsters in Frankenstein and The Island of Doctor Moreau

Monsters are commonly stereotyped as horrible and grotesque creatures. But in Frankenstein and The Island of Doctor Moreau, Shelly and Wells both delineate some complicated but meaningful monster characters. These monsters’ features and natures represent their creator’s intention and purpose. In both texts, monsters are ugly but benevolent, while their creators are eccentric and monstrous. The relationship between men and monsters allows us to view the definition of humanity from a more critical and objective perspective.

A preliminary analysis of arcuate structures-relationship of the island arc and deep-sea trench to the dip angle of Benioff zone

The origin of arcuate islands and deep-sea trenches has been studied for a long time and various interpretations have been proposed. In this paper, some analytical models are put forward from a geometrical viewpoint and then the theoretical dip angles of the underthrusting slabs of circum-Pacific island arcs are computed and compared with those of the Benioff zone. As a result, it is found that the dip angle of the underthrusting slab is one of the main factors determining the curvature of the arcuate structure. The authors consider that this result may contribute to the plate theory.

Damage assessment of the target area of the island/reef under the attack of missile warhead

Under the background of vigorously developing facilities of island/reef in the world,the economic value and strategic significance of the island/reef have become increasingly important.Unfortunately,they may easily become the attacking target of missiles in the war time.Therefore,aiming at the damage quantification of the targets in the island/reef under the missile attacking,a macroscopic damage assessment model for the target area is proposed in this paper.The model focuses on the construction of the assessment model framework.Firstly,the analytic hierarchy process and the grey relational analysis are applied to measure the importance of each target in the region through four indicators of the target hazard,striking urgency,damage advantage and mission relevance,respectively.Secondly,based on the damage mechanism of shock wave and fragments to target,the corresponding damage model is established,and the damage grade of each target in the evaluated area is obtained according to the damage criteria and grading standard.Finally,the model obtains the overall damage grade of the target area by employing the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,with synthesizing the importance and the damage grade of each target.Through the verification of an example,it demonstrates the certain feasibility of the model and provides a certain basis and reference for the subsequent research.

Legislation,challenges and solutions for the"Dream of the Island Owner"--Review of the application and approval measures on the development and utilization of uninhabited islands in Hainan Province

China's legislation relating to islands categorizes the latter into inhabited and uninhabited ones.Between the two different types,only uninhabited islands can be acquired by those who aspire to be private island owners.In an effort to promote the development and utilization of uninhabited islands in China,a succession of laws and regulations have been formulated,including the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Offshore Islands,and the Application and Approval Measures on the Development and Utilization of Uninhabited Islands,among others.As the only tropical province in China,Hainan province boasts a large number of uninhabited islands,many of which are desired by prospective island owners.In order to promote the development of uninhabited islands,the Application and Approval Measures on the Development and Utilization of Uninhabited Islands in Hainan Province had been promulgated.Based on a detailed introduction on the main contents of the Measures,it is found that the Measures has set an innovative example for its kind in terms of the real estate publicity system,the construction permit and acceptance systems,solutions to using the islands before the issue of Island Protection Law,and verification systems.Nevertheless,the actual implementation of the Measures still brings a host of challenges with it.These relate to aspects of the Measures such as supply regulation premised on regulatory equilibrium,spatial planning with"Multiple-plan Coordination",and coordination between regulations on sea areas and islands.This paper proposes to maximize efforts to refine and coordinate general planning,to innovate systems and procedures regarding the use of islands and to promote the development and utilization of uninhabited islands through protective development in line with international standards.

Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of the Vegetation Resources on the Islands of Lake Ziway, South-Central Ethiopia

The study was conducted on the islands of Lake Ziway, south-central Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to investigate the socio-economic factors affecting the vegetation resources and the indigenous resource management systems and practices on the islands. Data were collected by field observations, interviews and group discussion. The island communities were engaged in diverse economic activities. The fishing industry was the main pillar of the economy as most of the income (75.7%) was derived from this sector. The existence of diverse economic activities had relieved the pressure on the vegetation resources. The natural vegetation was the major source of fuelwood, construction material, farm implements, edible fruits, medicines, fodder and bee forage. The islanders have maintained the soil and vegetation resources for centuries through their environmental friendly resource management systems and practices. At present, however, the vegetation resources are dwindling due to free livestock grazing, farmland expansion, soil erosion and tree cutting for various purposes, all of which are driven by human population growth. Since the islanders have high respect and trust for the church, integrating environment and development issues with this institution would be more effective. The prevailing natural and anthropogenic factors affecting the vegetation resources on the islands necessitate effective conservation and management interventions.

The Island Rule with lateral and bottom friction

The Island Rule, derived from the Sverdrup theory, is widely used to estimate and analyze water transport through a strait. Previous studies presented single-or multi-island rules with either lateral or bottom friction. In this paper,an analytical model of wind-driven circulation is assumed based on linear dynamics. Considering both lateral and bottom friction, the analytic solutions of the transport streamfunction around the islands are derived and the volume transport through the channel is presented. The results are similar to those of Wajsowicz, but the frictional constants represent different values. The analytic solution shows that the relationship between the lateral frictional and bottom frictional dissipation is complex in terms of the frictional constants. To understand the interaction between the two friction types, lateral and bottom friction values were randomly chosen on a barotropic beta plane. The result shows an approximately linear relationship between the lateral and bottom friction in consisting of the combined frictional constants. We studied the effect of the channel width on the transport through the channel. The results show that the friction enhances the flow under some widths, which is similar to the flow behavior when only the lateral friction is considered. We also compared the transport through the channel at different depths and founded that the deeper the water, the smaller the transport reduction ratio when the horizontal eddy viscosity coefficient and the bottom drag coefficient remained constants. To further present the combined role of lateral frictional and bottom frictional dissipation, we compared our model with the model of Wajsowicz for two islands, where only the lateral or bottom friction were considered, with different channel widths. The results showed that the effect of the lateral friction is greater than the bottom friction when the channel is narrow, especially in the Munk boundary layer thickness. When the channel is much wider than the Munk boundary layer thickness, the role of the bottom friction is greater than that of the lateral friction. The model was applied to the Indonesian throughflow and yielded a reduction of approximately 20% in the transport.

Overvoltage Condition Assessment of a Microgrid Due to Faults Occurring in the Islanded Mode of Operation

This paper presents the results of the simulations and their respective analyses corresponding to the power frequency overvoltages resulting from various fault types occurring inside a microgrid. During the islanded mode of operation, the analysed microgrid can be simultaneously fed by a diesel generator, a 1 MW wind power turbine, a small solar system and a 1 MW hydroelectric scheme. The operating voltage of the microgrid is 2.4 kV. During a fault in the system, the overvoltages normally occur in two remarkable instants. The first one occurs at the beginning of the fault itself. The second one occurs at the instant when the fault is cleared. The major concern here is the overvoltage during the fault period. Due to the travelling wave effect along cables and overhead lines composing the microgrid system, these overvoltages can be amplified, thus jeopardizing the insulation level of the microgrid transmission system and related equipment. Much of the work available now is dedicated to overvoltages present in high-voltage systems leaving a gap for the study and behaviour on low voltage microgrid systems. The overvoltage stress is characterized by the maximum low-frequency, short-duration (crest value) of the overvoltage. Both cables and overhead lines that constitute the microgrid transmission system are characterized by their R-L-C parameters. The simulations of the microgrid system are conducted using the ATP program. According to the international ANSI and IEEE standards, the minimum BIL (Basic Impulse Insulation Level) and BSL (Basic Impulse Switching Level) for the 2.4 kV voltage level are 20 kV and 10 kV, respectively;thus, care should be taken so that the healthy phases upon which commonly appear such overvoltages are not exceeded in their insulation level.

The Vertical Deformation and Horizontal Displacement Fields,Movement, and Seismicity of the Island Arc Tectonics

In this work,the vertical deformation,horizontal displacement,and stress fields of arcuate tectonics are theoretically derived from the horizontal tectonic stress; then the characteristics of tectonic movement,seismicity,and focal mechanism of arcuate tectonics of the entire world are explained.It is pointed out that the island arc and other arcuate tectonics are gradually developed under the displacement and stress fields of the arcuate tectonics and that the under-thrusting action of the ocean plate is secondary.The distance formulas between the volcanic arc and the trench are suggested and also that theoretical results are consistent with actual data.

Seasonal Temperature Variations of Lake Vrana on the Island of Cres and Possible Influence of Global Climate Changes

Lake Vrana on the island of Cres is one of the largest fresh water features on Mediterranean islands. The maximum depth of the lake is 72 m and it stores 220 million m3 of fresh water. The paper provides an overview of lake and groundwater temperature measurements to date and recent activities within the EU project ＂CC-WaterS （Climate Change and Impacts on Water Supply）＂. Groundwater temperatures in the lake surrounding are almost constant throughout the year, in the range from 14.6 ℃ to 13.1 ℃, while thermodynamic cycle of the lake conforms to the characteristics of a monomictic, medium depth lake in the moderate climate belt. Present and future climate simulations using three limited area models were analyzed （Aladin, Promes and RegCM3）, they pointed out further air temperature increase in range of 0.27 ℃/10 yrs to 0.32 ℃/10 yrs. The significant changes of precipitation rates were not indicated. Considering increasing water consumption from the lake, already asserted negative trends, indicated climate changes and possible effects on the lake recharge, it is necessary to establish continual monitoring of parameters that describe lake system behaviour and periodically analyze lake conditions, especially with respect to the extraction for the public water supply.

Load Shedding Application within a Microgrid to Assure Its Dynamic Performance during Its Transition to the Islanded Mode of Operation

This article presents the simulation results and analysis related to the response of the generators within a microgrid towards an accidental overload condition that will require some load shedding action. A microgrid overload can occur due to various reasons ranging from poor load schedule, inadequate switching of circuits within the microgrid, outage of one or more generators inside the microgrid, illegal load connections by some low voltage consumers, etc. It was observed that among the main factors that determine the survival of the microgrid during its transition from the grid connected mode to the islanded mode of operation are the size and type of the load connected (passive or dynamic load) as well as the length of time during which the unexpected load is connected. Models of a speed and voltage regulators of a diesel generator, and important for coping with the overload conditions are provided in the paper. The novelty of the work lies in the load shedding simulation and analysis of the specific generators studied herein, regarding that in many countries the microgrid technology is seen as an important alternative towards the ever increasing load demand and also to assist the system during periods of blackout.

New insight into the origin and evolution of the flora and fauna of Hainan Island,China

The origin of the biota of Hainan Island,China,remains a fundamental scientific problem.Comparative studies on the biota,geological tectonics,and paleomagnetism proposed that during the Eocene,Hainan Island connected Vietnam and Guangxi,and then moved to the southeast to reach its present location.This review mainly discusses its biota origin from molecular phylogeny and palaeobotanical research.The formation and evolution of the biological groups of Hainan Island were identified via research on their genomes,phylogeny,and molecular biogeography.This research showed that the genera and species that appeared and diverged early in their evolution(i.e.,before the Miocene)can be explained by the land connection between Hainan Island,Vietnam,and Guangxi during the Eocene-Oligocene.According to Southeast Asian tectonic theory,in the Middle Miocene(at about 15 million years ago),Hainan Island had moved to its present position.The population and genetic divergence of species with late divergence times(after 15 Ma)can be reasonably explained by the close proximity(or land connection)between Hainan Island and the Leizhou Peninsula,enabling genetic communication between Hainan Island and the Chinese mainland,but have exceptional cases.Conclusions have been obtained through palaeobotanical studies,showing that in the Eocene-Oligocene period,southwest China and Hainan Island had subtropical vegetation and flora.However,the fossil group in southeast China(in Maoming,near present-day Hainan Island)in the Late Eocene indicated a tropical rainforest vegetation and flora.This suggests that in the Paleogene,Hainan Island may have been located near or on the southwest border of Guangxi and northern Vietnam,rather than in its present location.The floristic division of the flora of Hainan Island basically presents a northeast-southwest inclined distribution pattern.This pattern can be explained by the counterclockwise rotation of Hainan Island during its movement to the southeast as proposed by paleomagnetism research.The origin of Hainan Island as proposed by its geological tectonics and comparative research on its biota is further supported by evidence from molecular phylogeny,paleobotanical studies,and the distribution pattern of plant diversity in Hainan.In this paper,the time node(in the Miocene)of the evolution of its biota is also proposed,thereby providing a basis for the in-depth exploration of the origin and evolution of the biota of Hainan Island.

Wilson Audio Sophia音箱

虽然外形象是上级机种WATT／PUPPY的缩小版本，但是Sophia在设计上却是全新的。最大的不同是箱体改为一箱式而非分离式，而低音单体则从两个8英寸改为一个10英寸。这款音箱采用三音路低言反射式设计，配备1英寸钛金属振膜高音、7英寸纸盆中低音和10英寸铝盆低音各一支。频响范围29Hz～22．5KHZ，平均阻抗4欧姆（最低3欧姆），灵敏度89dB，连包装在内一对的重量高达近400Kg。箱体一样使用他们独门的X材质与M材质，喇叭单元也都是特别订制的版本。Sophia可说是给三音路、三单体落地音箱又立下了一个典范，高频段柔和而内敛，人声饱满，钢琴充满权威感，整个高、中、低音量感的结构就好像底座更宽的Sophia箱体，最上端的高频段不是尖的，而是跟Sophia箱体一样平顶的（内敛）。中频段的量感介于高频段与低频段之间，扎实而饱满。低频段量感很丰富，而且还带有很好的控制力。Sophia的内敛让钢琴与小提琴的木头味更浓，让人声没有那么清爽明亮，而是偏向温暖饱满，低频的量感则相当多，声音大开大合全无压缩，有着庞大的动态与迅速的反应、低频的控制力非常棒、全频段的饱满平衡等等，也都是Wlson Audio向来难以被别人超越的特点。无论以多昂贵的功率放大器与之搭配，你都会觉得这对喇叭的潜力无穷，值得用最好的器材来努力挖掘。

Characteristics of divertor heat flux distribution with an island divertor configuration on the J-TEXT tokamak

On J-TEXT,the temporal evolution of heat flux distribution on the high-field side(HFS)divertor plate has been measured by an infrared(IR)camera during the plasma operation with an island divertor configuration.In experiments,the island divertor configuration is an edge magnetic island chain structure surrounded by stochastic layers,which can be induced by resonant magnetic perturbations(RMPs).The experimental results show that the heat flux distribution on the HFS target plate depends significantly on the edge magnetic topology.Furthermore,the impact of hydrogen fueling using supersonic molecular beam injection(SMBI)on the divertor heat flux distributions is studied on J-TEXT with an island divertor configuration.It has been observed that power detachment can be achieved when the radiation front approaches the last closed flux surface(LCFS)after each SMBI pulse.This result may provide a method of access for divertor detachment on a fusion device with a three-dimensional(3D)boundary magnetic structure.

Macroinvertebrate Community in Streams on the Canary Islands: Gradient Analysis and Stressors

This study describes the gradient analysis of the freshwater macroinvertebrate assemblages in eight streams of Tenerife and La Gomera (Canary Islands) over a 16-year period. During this period, a total of 75 taxa belonging to 34 taxonomic families were found. Endemism has an important presence in the streams on both islands, especially regarding Trichoptera and Coleoptera. The overall status of freshwater macroinvertebrates is rather uncertain as recent data on these communities are scarce and focused on a limited number of sites. Overexploitation of aquifers and the diversion of natural water flows for irrigation have resulted in the drying up of numerous natural streams, inevitably endangering the fauna that inhabits them. A reduction in number and abundance of endemic and sensitive species was observed in the majority of the sampled streams resulting in a lower ecological rating. Therefore, it is proposed that the protection of streams of high conservation value is essential to conserve freshwater macroinvertebrate fauna native to the Canary Islands.

U-Pb zircon geochronology of basaltic pyroclastic rocks from the basement beneath the Xisha Islands in the northwestern South China Sea and its geological significance

As one of the micro-blocks dispersed in the South China Sea(SCS), the basement of the Xisha Islands has rarely been drilled because of the thick overlying Cenozoic sediments, which has led to a confused understanding of the pre-Cenozoic basement of the Xisha Islands. Well CK-1, a kilometer-scale major scientific drill in the Xisha Islands in the northwestern SCS, penetrated thick reefal limestone(0–888.4 m) and the underlying basement rocks(888.4–901.4 m). In this study, we present the zircon U-Pb ages of basement basaltic pyroclastic rocks from Well CK-1 in the Xisha Islands of the northwestern SCS to investigate the basement nature of the Xisha microblock. The basement of Well CK-1 consists of basaltic pyroclastic rocks on the seamount. The zircon grains yielded apparent ages ranging from ca. 2 138.9 Ma to ca. 36 Ma. The old group of zircon grains from Well CK-1 was considered to be inherited zircons. Two Cenozoic zircons gave a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of(36.3 ± 1.1) Ma,Mean Squared Weighted Deviations(MSWD) = 1.2, which may represent the maximum age of the volcano eruption. The Yanshanian inherited zircons(116.9–105.7 Ma and 146.1–130.2 Ma) from Well CK-1 are consistent with the zircons from Well XK-1, indicating that the basement of Chenhang Island may be similar to that of Well XK-1. We propose that the Xisha micro-block may have developed on a uniform Late Jurassic metamorphic crystalline basement, intruded by Cretaceous granitic magma.

Factors Influencing the Spatial Variability of Air Temperature Urban Heat Island Intensity in Chinese Cities

Few studies have investigated the spatial patterns of the air temperature urban heat island(AUHI)and its controlling factors.In this study,the data generated by an urban climate model were used to investigate the spatial variations of the AUHI across China and the underlying climate and ecological drivers.A total of 355 urban clusters were used.We performed an attribution analysis of the AUHI to elucidate the mechanisms underlying its formation.The results show that the midday AUHI is negatively correlated with climate wetness(humid:0.34 K;semi-humid:0.50 K;semi-arid:0.73 K).The annual mean midnight AUHI does not show discernible spatial patterns,but is generally stronger than the midday AUHI.The urban–rural difference in convection efficiency is the largest contributor to the midday AUHI in the humid(0.32±0.09 K)and the semi-arid(0.36±0.11 K)climate zones.The release of anthropogenic heat from urban land is the dominant contributor to the midnight AUHI in all three climate zones.The rural vegetation density is the most important driver of the daytime and nighttime AUHI spatial variations.A spatial covariance analysis revealed that this vegetation influence is manifested mainly through its regulation of heat storage in rural land.