Factors Associated with Unmet Need for Family Planning among Couples Living in Urban and Rural Areas of Guinea in 2019

Introduction: Unmet need for family planning (UNFP) is defined as women with unmet needs who want to stop or delay childbearing but are not using any method of contraception. The objective of this study was to analyze the factors associated with unmet needs for family planning among couples living in rural and urban areas of Guinea in 2019. Methodology: This was a prospective, analytical cross-sectional, multicenter study of a six-month period from August 1, 2018 to January 31, 2019, focusing on couples with unmet needs for family planning. Result: Among 189 couples interviewed, 567 had UNFP (33.3%), the reasons for not using modern contraceptive methods were desire for pregnancy (AOR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.74, 4.31), husband’s refusal (AOR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.81), spousal attitude (AOR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.130, 30), birth spacing (AOR = 2.10% to 95%: 1.16, 3.82), difficulty with a new pregnancy (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.74), and spousal attitude (AOR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.30). Conclusion: The involvement of spouses, especially in rural communities, would help achieve family planning objectives and reduce unmet needs for family planning.

Experience of the UK in Urban and Rural Planning System and Rural Planning Management and Recommendations for China

Based on the field survey,training and related literature review of urban and rural planning system and rural planning management and protection in the UK,this paper summarized the development history,basic experience and main characteristics of the UK's urban and rural planning system and rural planning management.It is intended to analyze its reference significance to China's current efforts to strengthen agricultural and rural planning management,promote urban and rural development,and promote the construction of new urbanization.It was found that the establishment of the UK's urban and rural planning system can be contributed to the problem of "urban diseases" arising from the process of urbanization development.Its development has undergone many revisions and adjustments,and has now formed a two-level planning structure,namely "regional spatial strategies" and "local development framework";the UK's urban and rural planning system stresses the planning management and protection of rural areas and small towns,and has formed a series of important rules and systems.In the process of urbanization development,the UK has completely preserved the historical buildings,local culture and landscape environment of traditional villages,which is worthy of our learning.With reference to the experience of the UK,in the process of coordinating urban and rural development and promoting new urbanization construction,it is recommended to give full play to the guiding role of planning and the participation of the public,attach great importance to the protection and planning management of agriculture and rural areas,and also emphasize the re-innovation based on China's national conditions.

Course Teaching Construction of Theory of Urban Planning for Urban and Rural Planning Major

Exploring a scientific and reasonable teaching mode, perfecting the teaching system of Theory of Urban Planning course and improving the teaching process are the inevitable choices to achieve a good teaching effect of this course. Starting from the teaching objective orientation and challenges of Theory of Urban Planning, this study put forward guiding suggestions on teaching guiding ideology, content and methods, and evaluation methods to provide reference for improving the teaching quality of courses.

Analysis on the Causes of Existing Problems of Professional Knowledge of Western Rural Teachers Under the Urban and Rural Educational Planning Background

This paper adopts the self-designed questionnaire to make investigations and interviews with the rural middle and primary school teachers in Chengdu and Chongqing districts about the professional development problems of western rural teachers, and refers to the educational literature materials in western rural areas. Through a comprehensive analysis, it is known that the professional knowledge status of western rural teachers is worrying, and the reason is mainly caused by the location, policy, economy, society, continuing education and teachers＇ own factors.

Training Mode of Applied Talents in Urban and Rural Planning Major

Facing the development and change of contemporary urban and rural planning discipline and social talent demand,it is imperative to develop the talent training of urban and rural planning major.Based on the teaching platform,this study constructed a perfect talent training mode,implemented modular teaching,took the occupation as the guidance,carried out the application-oriented talent training,and delivered high-quality professionals to the society.

Difference of Urban and Rural Development in Binzhou from the Perspective of Urban and Rural Coordinating

The coordinated development of urban and rural areas is an inevitable trend to break the dual urban-rural structure and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.The statistical data on the overall economic and social development of urban and rural areas in Binzhou from 2006 to 2015 were studied and analyzed,and an urban and rural integrated evaluation index system was established,which was evaluated using principal component analysis.The results showed that the overall level of urban and rural integrated development in Binzhou City is low,but has been rising in recent years;and the urbanrural dual structure gradually weakens.

Exploring the Gaps between Master's Degree Holders' Competence and Industrial Demands in Urban and Rural Planning: Senior Field Engineers' Observations and Reflexive Narrative

This paper examines the academic-work gap in terms of performance reality and performance expectations by expanding on the cultivation model of Master's students in the university context and the most recent industry requirements for talents'competence.The subjects of this paper are Master's degree holders,both academic and professional.The paper examines common issues encountered by enterprise professionals when employing Master's degree holders and proposes a university-enterprise joint cultivation model to achieve win-win outcomes for both higher education institutions and businesses.

Use of Augmented Reality Methods to Support Legal Conflicts in the Planning Process for Wind Turbines Using the Example of the Landscape Conservation Area “Eulenkopf and Surroundings”

The world’s growing energy demand poses a serious problem. At the same time fossil fuels are finite, which we must work against. Therefore, the Federal Government of Germany has set itself the goal to push forward the use of renewable energy in order to completely do without the generation of nuclear energy by 2023. There are, however, no specific guidelines from the European Directive on the promotion of electricity from renewable energy sources for the internal electricity market regarding how high each share of the different production method should be and, above all, which specific aim should be achieved by the share of wind energy. Nevertheless, it presents a crucial step toward a nuclear phaseout and a concomitant change of course of the Federal Government of Germany in the spring of 2011 regarding the expansion of renewable energy, taking the nuclear catastrophe in Fukushima into account. Using new legal planning approaches, also including the area of Rhineland-Palatinate, opportunities should be provided to make previously protected land available for setting up facilities for the generation of renewable energy. However, it is important to examine the legal situation regarding the installation of these kinds of constructions more detailed, as no general statements can be made. This will be illustrated using the example of the landscape conservation area “Eulenkopf and surrounding area” in the district of Kaiserslautern. The stated goal of the Social Democrat/Green coalition of the federal state government of Rhineland-Palatinate is to considerably expand the generation of electricity from renewable energy sources so that by 2030 at least the entire electricity demand can be covered by those. Due to the enormous potential of wind power, it is therefore necessary to quintuple its share of electricity generation by 2020, compared to 2011 numbers. In order to achieve the desired political objectives, by 2030 the number of turbines has to be increased to around 2650, representing a capacity of 7500 MW. This increase gives reason for boundary conditions to manage the generation of wind energy to be adjusted. This is intended to facilitate management and simultaneously minimise negative effects, such as the “sprawling” of wind turbines.

Overall Planning of Development of Urban-Rural Areas:A Policy Mechanism for Urban-Rural Coordinated Growth

While analyzing overall planning and coordinated development of urban-rural areas, this paper shows that overall planning for the development of urban-rural areas is a requirement for the best use of productive forces. It means the setting up of a policy mechanism for coordinated growth. Recognizing this, the government should set up a way to lead and manage a unified program to increase service and decrease controlling administration power, while safeguarding and fulfilling the farmers' ownership to the means of production.

A Study Into the Causes of the Dispute in China＇s Rural Areas

The process of urbanization and industrialization in China, has been instrumental in depriving villagers of land and their way of life. This has led to a series of conflicts between government and villagers over the land. This issue has become the core of the conflict. The present from-top-to-bottom rural planning does not meet villagers＇ needs. Within the rural area, there are close social and organizational relationships, the villagers strongly demand autonomy. This has led to conflict between the state and villagers rights of autonomy. The conflict is ongoing, it has never stopped. For the purpose of this paper, the rural area of Zhejiang Province was investigated. The method of the empirical study was employed in order to comprehensively analyze the developmental stage of urban-rural relations, planning systems, the conflict process, and difficulties in the process of urbanization. The study discovered that the conflict was led by different value orientations between the two stakeholders--the government and the villagers. This resulted in a series of conflicts over land and natural resources and added to the breakdown of relationships on both sides, this was an external manifestation of value orientation on both sides. In conclusion, the paper recommends conflict resolution proposals and measures to be employed at every stage of urbanization.

Evaluation on the Implementation of Urban and Rural Planning Law and Some Policy Suggestions: A Case Study in Western China

The study evaluates the implementation of the Urban and Rural Planning Law in western China through questionnaires, interviews, onsite visits, and literature analysis. Results show that, though the western region has made great progress in the study and publicity of the Law, as well as in their local legislation and administrative system adjustments, there are problems impeding the implementation of the Law, such as overlapping government administration, inadequate implementation measures, controversial provisions that cause operational difficulties, local legislative confusion, and poor legal awareness. As such, this article proposes suggestions as follows: to legalize the detailed implementation rules and regulations, as well as other related regulations and technical standards, in order to improve the system of urban and rural planning laws and regulations; to strengthen legal supervision to maintain the authority of the law; to formulate proper planning policy guidelines based on the specifi c conditions of western region; and to strengthen the publicity, education, and training of the Law so as to promote the publics' legal awareness.

The Discipline of Urban and Rural Planning in China: History and Prospect

Based on a review on the social and cultural basis and the formation and evolution process of the urban-rural planning discipline in China, this paper summarizes the features of disciplinary development from the perspectives of development driving force, expression manner, knowledge characteristics and systemized development, etc. Then, aiming at the problems in the development of this discipline, the paper points out the direction for the future development. It emphasizes that, developing as an applied discipline, the urban-rural planning discipline should strengthen the production of its own disciplinary knowledge based on the comprehensive use of various relevant disciplinary knowledge, and proposes corresponding paths, means, and basic issues of knowledge production. The paper also points out that the output of the knowledge and achievements of China's urban-rural planning discipline to other disciplines and other countries is an important foundation for the further development of this discipline.

Rural Residential Space Differentiation and Social Ecology

After reviewing the rural development in China since the establishment of new China,the paper has pointed out that the promotion of urbanization and construction of new socialist countryside have led to the migration of a number of rural people,the damage of traditional communities,rural social hierarchy and social separation.With the movement of people,a large area of rural lands have been abandoned and land resources been wasted.In view of these problems,it is considered that it should not adopt urban construction mode blindly in rural planning,but reconstruct rural social ecology and introduce non physical pattern planning based on rural development and villagers'status,providing a solid basis for physical pattern planning,so as to guide urban-rural coordinated development.

Study on Low-carbon City Planning Strategies Based on Urban Greenhouse Gas Inventory

From the perspective of urban greenhouse gas inventory, this paper analyzed the composition and tendency of urban greenhouse gas inventory of Guangzhou, and compared greenhouse gas inventory of representative international cities. Taking Guangzhou Haizhu Eco-city for example, this paper from the perspective of urban-rural planning put forward the low-carbon development paths and strategies such as increasing carbon sink, industrial transformation, spatial restructuring, traffic organization, green civil engineering and resource utilization, and green building for the main carbon-emitting fields such as industry, energy supply, transport, building and waste disposal.

Damage Analysis of the Great East Japan Earthquake

This paper tries to comprehensively summarize the reasons of damages at the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011 and what are the lessons in terms of earthquake and tsunami safety of building and cities. The paper examines the damage of tsunami affected areas and analyses the damage to extract lessons in order to safely reconstruct the affected areas from the view point of building regulations such as ＂Disaster Risk Area＂ provided by the Article 39 of the Building Standard Law and the Urbanization Control Area and UPA （Urbanization Promotion Area） provided by the Article 8 of the Ordinance of the City Planning Law of Japan.

Exploration and Reflection on the Village and Town Planning of Chengdu in the Context of Urban-Rural Coordination

This article starts from analyzing existing problems in China's village and town planning, and moves on to look at Chengdu's village and town planning from such aspects as institution management, compilation methods, and implementation mechanism in the context of urban-rural coordination in recent years. In doing so, the article aims to uncover the characteristics and modes of Chengdu's practices and their implications for future village and town planning.

Land-Use Planning Guidelines for Optimal Coastal Environmental Management

The objective of this study is to weigh and recommend environmentally-optimal regional land-use planning guidelines for coastal regions. The present malaise is assessed, as regards inefficiencies, non-suitability, non-sustainability, enhancing factors of environmental degradation, and potentially destructive consequences of current land-use alteration. Desired situations and goals are considered, and means are proposed for bridging the gap between the present malaise and a desired situation, based on five key approaches developed by the authors. Specific examples of regional approaches are presented. Guidelines and operational measures for sound regional planning the authors have employed in similar circumstances are recommended.

“城—产—人”关联视角下城市边缘乡村转型的多尺度路径——以江苏溧阳北拓区为例

文章从空间、要素和时间维度,辨析城边村与“城”“产”“人”三重外部动力的多重关联性,构建“城—产—人”关联视角下的城边村转型研究框架。在此视角下,基于城边村演化发展的核心特征总结,从城区、园区、社区3个层面探讨城边村转型的多尺度空间路径,分别为:以城乡融合推动空间结构重组、以产业转型支撑空间布局融合、以人群需求引领品质生活营造。最后以溧阳北拓区乡村为例,以“融入城区—联动园区—激活社区”为脉络,提出城边村多尺度协同的规划策略,以期为我国乡村转型与新型城镇化提供可能的借鉴。

国土空间规划背景下城乡规划专业课程知识拓展研究——以房地产相关知识为例

课程知识是实现人才培养目标的主要信息载体,课程知识拓展决定着人才培养的行业背景转型应对措施。当前在中国进入城镇化新常态阶段、城乡规划从增量规划为主向增存并举的权益价值转变的人才培养需求环境和背景下,开展城乡规划专业课程知识拓展的教学改革研究非常必要。该文从城乡规划编制、实施、管理三大环节的专业体系构成方面进行系统分析,认为房地产相关课程知识可以增强城乡规划编制效果的评判标准支撑、拓宽城乡规划实施活动的开展基础范畴、构建城乡规划管理主体的运作依据路径,提出国土空间规划体系改革下的城乡规划专业进行房地产课程知识拓展的可能性,为城乡规划专业课程的教学改革提供借鉴和参考。

“一带一路”沿线规划教育及对华合作初探

城乡规划高等教育合作对推动“一带一路”民心相通具有重要意义,但国内目前对“一带一路”沿线国家城乡规划高等教育的发展及对华合作情况的研究较少。本文收集并梳理了“一带一路”沿线65个国家260所高校所开设的城乡规划及相关专业在师资队伍、课程设置、国际合作等方面的信息,初步总结出“一带一路”沿线国家城乡规划高等教育具有整体水平不高、发展差异显著、产学研用分离、西方色彩浓重四大特征。随后,重点介绍了非洲、东南亚和南亚、中东西亚和中亚等地区代表性高校的城乡规划专业及对华合作情况。最后,从夯实研究基础、平衡区域合作、丰富合作类型、建立合作机制、突出合作重点五个方面提出加强与“一带一路”沿线国家城乡规划高等教育合作的建议。